Understanding Building Approval Process: Comparing Tanzania vs UK

In this article, we'll explore the building approval processes in two countries: Tanzania, and the UK, highlighting the differences and bureaucratic nuances of each. This article will also show you the general difference in the building approval process between a developing country and a developed country.

The building approval process can be complex and vary significantly across different countries. Many people assume that once they have land, they can start building, but this is far from the truth. Building without the necessary permits can lead to severe consequences, including the demolition of the structure and potential legal action, even prison, heaven forbid.

Tanzania Building Approval Process

In Tanzania, the building approval process is relatively straightforward but still requires careful attention to detail. There is only one major submission really. The requirements are:

Building Permit Submission

1 . Architectural and Structural Plans: These include General Arrangement Plans, site plan with dimensions, elevations, and sections.

These drawings outline the overall design and layout of the building. The architectural drawings give a general overview, while the structural drawings are much more detailed, including reinforcement details.

Interestingly, in Tanzania, structural plans must be very detailed at an early stage, which can be challenging because architectural design inevitably will still evolve. This requirement for detailed engineering designs early in the process can be premature and may lead to changes and adjustments as the project progresses.

2 . Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): This report evaluates the potential environmental effects of the construction project. It must be conducted by an environmental consultant and covers aspects such as sustainability features, water management, and the overall impact on the site.

3 . Proof of Land Ownership: You must provide the title deeds as proof of ownership. This is a crucial step in ensuring that the land legally belongs to the client.

Once these documents are submitted to the local government, you can receive your building permit and begin construction. The process in Tanzania, while straightforward and quick, still demands compliance with specific regulations to ensure safety and sustainability.

For more insights on working in Tanzania you can check out my YouTube channel .

UK Building Approval Process

The UK building approval process is more segmented and involves two main stages:

Stage 1: Planning Permission

1. General Arrangement Drawings: This include plans, elevations, sections, and a site plan.

2. Accessibility Statement: To ensure the building is accessible to all, including disabled persons. Notably, this is not a requirement in Tanzania.

3. Environmental Assessment: Similar to Tanzania. Planning permission ensures the proposed building fits within the local planning regulations and community standards.

Stage 2: Building Regulations Approval (Building Permit)

Once planning permission is granted, you need to submit more detailed drawing to get an actual building permit:

Construction Drawings: These must comply with building regulations that get checked by the local council. Alternatively an Approved Building Inspector can be appointed to approve, who is independent and are authorized by the government to carry out building control services. These drawings are usually architects drawings covering various aspects, including fire safety, accessibility, and energy efficiency. Also structural integrity can be covered by submitting Structural Engineers drawings and calculations.

Notably, in the UK, detailed engineering designs are submitted later in the process, once the architectural plans have been approved at the Planning Permission stage. This staged approach allows for adjustments and refinements to the structural details based on the finalized architectural design. The UK process is detailed and ensures that buildings are safe, sustainable, and suitable for their intended use, protecting both the occupants and the community.

?Additional Considerations

Across all three countries, additional permits may be required depending on the specifics of the project. For instance:

• Heritage Buildings: If the construction site includes a heritage building, special permits may be needed for refurbishment or demolition.
• Demolition Permits: Required if the project involves demolishing existing structures.
• Excavation Permits: Necessary for projects involving significant excavation, such as for basements or large foundations.

These additional permits ensure that all aspects of the construction are appropriately regulated and that special considerations are taken into account.

For more insights on working in the UK, you can watch my video series on the YouTube channel.

?Final Thoughts

The building approval processes in Tanzania and the UK vary significantly in complexity and requirements. Tanzania's process is more straightforward, with fewer detailed requirements architecturally but a lot more structural engineering details required up front compared to the UK which can block flexible architectural design after the approval.

In contrast, the UK has more detailed and segmented processes, ensuring higher safety and quality standards especially architecturally, including accessibility which is not looked at enough in Tanzania. However it is a more lengthy process. Understanding these differences is crucial for architects to understand would class quality and safety standards to achieve a world class building.

For more insights on working in Tanzania and the UK, you can watch my video series on the YouTube channel.

Russell M. Henderson is a practicing RIBA Chartered Architect based in Tanzania, East Africa.

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