UNDERGROUND COAL CARDOX DRILLING BLASTING SYSTEM
ROCK DRILLING BLASTING SYSTEM WITH LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) IN UNDERGROUND COAL MINES;
For this reason, it excavates with Liquid Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Rock Drilling Blasting System in Underground Coal Mines, but is not considered an explosive material;? It is a system that does not require any permission and authority during storage, transportation and use. The system penetrates the smallest cracks in the structures of the materials and allows them to break down and pushes them towards the free surface, with the strong repulsion feature that emerges as a result of the expansion of the phase transition into gaseous state with the heating of liquid carbon dioxide (CO2).?
We can explain the mechanism of rock crushing with a liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) drilling blasting system stored in a special steel tube as follows;
?In the system, holes are drilled in the diameter and depth of the material (coal, stone, mass, concrete, ferrous concrete, etc.) that steel tubes can enter, and steel tubes prepared by filling liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) are placed. It consists of a pressure-resistant liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) filled steel tube, a heater and a fracture disc. When DC Volt energy is applied through the connection cable inputs on the filling head, the heater reaches a temperature of 1170 0C and becomes gaseous with the liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) phase transition, expands 600 times its volume and creates a pressure of 250 MPA (2.5 tons/cm2) in the tube.? The resulting pressure breaks the fracture disc at the end of the tube, causing the gas to suddenly exit through the holes in the discharge head. This discharge process is in the form of a shock wave at supersonic speed in a millisecond. As a system, it is similar to disintegration with conventional explosives. However, with this system, an explosion takes place without tremor, dust and with very low part translation. During the sudden discharge of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas, a large cooling thermal cycle occurs and the environment cools down by -78 degrees Celsius as a result of the explosion. Dynamite, on the contrary, heats the environment up to +2800 degrees Celsius. Most of the coal mines consist of seams that are prone to 1 degree fire, and due to the heating of the environment up to +2800 degrees Celsius during dynamite drilling and blasting, sometimes it causes large furnace fires and grizo explosions without any coal production. For example, the fatal grizo explosions that occurred in the Soma and Amasra Hard Coal Operations Directorate in Turkey were caused by quarry fires of this type.
ROCK DRILLING BLASTING SYSTEM WITH LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2);? It was tried in 1997 and 2002 at the TTK-Amasra Hard Coal Operation Directorate in the Underground Operation Directorate and no success was achieved and the system was abandoned. In 2004, it was tested again at the Underground Operation Directorate of Amasra Hard Coal Operation Institution.
With the change we made in the special hole arrangement and blasting head of the CARDOX SYSTEM, which has been actively used in coal enterprises since 1956, we have received at least 2 or 2.5 times more production with the same material than usual in coal production works. We have also achieved positive results in the blasting method of drilling and blasting in stone with a different design in the blasting head. By experimenting with these studies with my team with case studies in other TTK Institutions; We have successfully applied it in the turned, progressive foot works related to the production of steep seams, inclined veins and coales, bases, guides and chimneys.
TECHNICAL JUSTIFICATIONS OF A LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) ROCK DRILLING BLASTING SYSTEM.
Depending on the physical, topographic and geological characteristics of the rock, blasting results have significant effects on all mining operations in mining operations where blast excavation is inevitable. In places where mechanical excavation cannot be done in the rock, blast excavation method is applied. The blast excavation method affects the subsequent production processes in mining activities. Therefore, the blasting method and parameters should be designed according to the geological, topographic and physical structure of the mine site.
Drilling and blasting methods using liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) in open and closed enterprises are applied to ensure more efficient breakdown of rocks. This method, especially in rigid formations, stands out as an economical and effective mining application. The drilling process with liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) increases the efficiency of the excavations and loading machines by increasing the efficiency of the explosives, reducing the production of harmful chemicals to almost zero compared to conventional and high-toxin explosives, and cooling the environment up to -78 degrees Celsius is an important advantage.
CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) TOXIC EFFECTS OF DYNAMITE DRILLING AND BLASTING METHOD IN UNDERGROUND COAL MINING
Carbon monoxide (CO) made in the feet and chimneys of underground workplaces of Amasra Hard Coal Operation Establishment Directorate; According to the measurement values of the 15-day work time study;
a) - As a result of excavation with dynamite in the coal production environment, a worker works in a 150-300 ppm CO gas environment for at least 4 hours,
b)- As a result of excavation with dynamite in the coal preparation chimney environment, it has been observed that a worker works in a 400-500 ppm CO gas environment for at least 2 hours.
According to the decisions of the Underground Occupational Health and Safety commission, carbon monoxide (CO) hourly environments where a worker can work safely are defined as working values in ppm;
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?????????????? ??? It is possible to work for 8 hours without a 50 ppm device.
?????????????? ? It is possible to work for 2 hours without a 100 ppm device.
?????????????? ? It is possible to work for 1 hour without a 200 ppm device.
?????????????? ? It is possible to work for 1/2 hour without a 300 ppm device.
?????????????? ? Fainting within 2 hours without a 500 ppm device.
?????????????? I faint in 1 hour without a 1000 ppm device.
?????????????? Fainting within 1/2 hour without 2000 ppm device.
?????????????? Death within minutes in a short time without a 3000 ppm device.
According to these values, there is no way that underground workers will not suffer from pneumoconiosis occupational disease as a result of punching and blasting with dynamite. One of the most costly items of the TCC is the disability pensions paid due to occupational disease.
The reason why the pneumoconiosis, occupational disease and disability pensions related to Occupational Health and Safety of the TCC are reflected in the production costs is the excavation method with dynamite. Because if the Liquid Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Rock Drilling and Blasting System had been used in the TCC in Underground Coal Mines, there would have been a 70% decrease in the compensation paid due to occupational disease, disability benefits and deaths.
CONCLUSION: For the reasons explained above, on 26/06/2005, with the Additional Report of the Commission of the General Directorate of TCC, Department of Productivity; I prepared and presented a Supplementary Report positively against the report prepared by the General Directorate of TTK in a negative way against the CARDOX CO2 Drilling and Blasting method.? In the relevant report; By ending the use of dynamite, which is a conventional explosive with very high toxic effects and is known as the most powerful terrorist weapon in the world, urgently; As a matter of urgency, I suggested that the LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) ROCK DRILLING AND BLASTING SYSTEM be switched to in the stone and coal galleries and production legs of the General Directorate of TTK.
At the same time, at present, Chinese companies have been working in the open-pit step method since 2014, underground coal mines, subway... Under the name of "CDPTB", they banned the use of dynamite in coal and stone by declaring this working system, which is equivalent to clean energy in an environmentally friendly way, to the world, which is number one in the world in liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) drilling and blasting method. ???In fact, it is a very simple method to use this system used by the Chinese as a vertical drilling and blasting step system in open pit operations. Although it is the most difficult system to use this system in underground stone gallery recuperation, floor, guide and coal chimneys, and to get efficiency, we managed to get the result we wanted in our work. If we had continued to work on this issue, we would be selling our technology to the world in parallel with the framework of the "Climate Change Kyoto and/or Paris Agreement".