Unconventional water sources, yellow-label vehicles, and the Four Shelterbelts
Michael Horlick, MPM, M Ed., PMP
Educator, Lexicographer, and Incurable Idealist
Terms to note from the White Paper titled: China’s Green Development in the New Era (Part One)
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4+1工程 / 4+1 Project (for the treatment of urban sewage and garbage, chemical pollution, agricultural non-point source pollution, ship pollution and tailing pond pollution)?
WP quote:
- 大力推进长江保护修复攻坚战，深入实施城镇污水垃圾处理、化工污染治理、农业面源污染治理、船舶污染治理和尾矿库污染治理“4+1”工程，全面实施长江十年禁渔，开展长江岸线利用项目及非法矮围清理整治。?
A tough battle has been launched to protect and restore the eco-environment in the Yangtze River Basin: Intense efforts have been made to carry out the "4+1" project — the treatment of urban sewage and garbage, chemical pollution, agricultural non-point source pollution, ship pollution and tailing pond pollution; a comprehensive 10-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River Basin has been implemented; action has been taken to regulate banks development projects and remove illegal dykes.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 长江经济带生态优先、绿色发展深入推进，生态环境突出问题整改和污染治理“4+1”工程稳步推进实施，生态环境系统保护修复成效明显，长江十年禁渔实现良好开局，水生生物资源逐步恢复，沿江综合交通运输体系加快构建，长江保护法正式实施。?
In the Yangtze Economic Belt, environmental conservation and green development were prioritized. Steady progress was made in addressing prominent environmental issues and in advancing the “4+1” project for curbing pollution from the chemical industry, ships, agricultural non-point sources, and tailing sites and for treating urban sewage and waste. Clear results were achieved in ecosystem protection and restoration. The 10-year ban on fishing in key waters of the Yangtze River got off to a strong start, and aquatic bioresources have gradually recovered. Development of a comprehensive transportation system along the Yangtze River picked up pace, and the Yangtze River Protection Law officially went into effect.?
- 扎实推进长江经济带生态环境系统性保护修复，大力实施城镇污水垃圾、化工污染、农业面源污染、船舶污染以及尾矿库治理“4+1”工程，长江流域重点水域“十年禁渔”全面启动，深入开展绿色发展试点示范，长江保护法正式出台。?
We advanced systematic environmental protection and restoration along the Yangtze Economic Belt through concrete measures. We carried out a project to treat urban sewage and waste and to tackle pollution from the chemicals industry, ships, agricultural non-point sources, and tailing sites. A 10-year ban on fishing in key waters of the Yangtze River basin came into force, pilot and demonstration programs for green development were launched, and the Yangtze River Conservation Law was promulgated.?
- 深入推动长江经济带发展，按照统筹山水林田湖草系统治理的思路，扎实推进“三水共治”和生态环境治理“4+1”工程，发挥铁路、公路、水运各自优势整体设计综合运输体系。将长江三角洲区域一体化发展上升为国家战略，制定实施发展规划纲要。?
We will advance the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt. In line with a holistic approach to the conservation of mountain, water, forest, farmland, lake, and grassland ecosystems, we will take solid steps to employ the three-fold approach of controlling water pollution, restoring water ecosystems, and conserving water resources, and the "4+1" project on treating urban sewage and garbage and curbing pollution from the chemicals industry, ships, agricultural non-point sources, and tailing sites. We will give play to the advantages of railways, highways, and water transportation in developing an integrated transportation system. In addition, we will upgrade the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta to a national strategy and formulate a development plan to this end.?
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岸电 / shore power?
WP quote:
- 深入推进港口和公路绿色交通配套设施建设，截至2021年底，主要港口五类专业化泊位岸电设施覆盖率达75%；高速公路服务区建成13374个充电桩，数量居全球第一。?
It [China] has also built more green port and road transport support facilities. By the end of 2021, five types of shore power facilities had been built in 75 percent of the specialized berths of major ports, and 13,374 charging piles had been built in expressway service areas — the highest number in the world.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 构建绿色低碳交通体系。 ... 提升铁路电气化水平，推广天然气车船，完善充换电和加氢基础设施，加大新能源汽车推广应用力度，鼓励靠港船舶和民航飞机停靠期间使用岸电。?
Developing a green and low-carbon transportation system. ... Expanded the electrification of railways and promoted the use of natural gas vehicles and vessels, with improved electric charging and hydrogen fueling infrastructure to facilitate the use of new energy vehicles (NEVs) and encourage anchored ships and parked civil aircraft to use shore power.?
- 长江干线、京杭运河、部分沿海地区开展水运行业应用液化天然气（LNG）试点示范，部分港口安装了码头油气回收装置，实施了船舶岸电工程。?
Along the arteries of the Yangtze River and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and in some coastal regions, pilot and demonstration projects of LNG use have been launched for water-borne transport, oil vapor recovery units installed at some ports and shore power provided to ships.?
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北方防沙带 / North Shelterbelt (one of the four shelterbelts 四带 sì dài of the Three Eco-zones and Four Shelterbelts 三区四带 sān qū sì dài)?
WP quote:
- 通过划定生态保护红线和编制生态保护修复规划，巩固了以青藏高原生态屏障区、黄河重点生态区（含黄土高原生态屏障）、长江重点生态区（含川滇生态屏障）、东北森林带、北方防沙带、南方丘陵山地带、海岸带等为依托的“三区四带”生态安全格局。?
Through drawing ECRLs and drafting ecological protection and restoration plans, the country has consolidated an overall eco-environmental conservation configuration composed of Three Eco-zones and Four Shelterbelts — the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecozone, the Yellow River Eco-zone (including the Loess Plateau Ecological Barrier), the Yangtze River Eco-zone (including the Sichuan-Yunnan Ecological Barrier), and the Northeast, North, South, and Coastal Shelterbelts.?
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长江经济带 / Yangtze Economic Belt?
WP quote:
- 以共抓大保护、不搞大开发为导向推动长江经济带建设。长江是中华民族的母亲河，也是中华民族发展的重要支撑。中国坚持把修复长江生态环境摆在压倒性位置，协调推动经济发展和生态环境保护，努力建设人与自然和谐共生的绿色发展示范带，使长江经济带成为生态优先、绿色发展的主战场。发挥产业协同联动整体优势，构建绿色产业体系，加快区域经济绿色转型步伐。大力推进长江保护修复攻坚战，深入实施城镇污水垃圾处理、化工污染治理、农业面源污染治理、船舶污染治理和尾矿库污染治理“4+1”工程，全面实施长江十年禁渔，开展长江岸线利用项目及非法矮围清理整治。2018年以来，累计腾退长江岸线162公里，滩岸复绿1213万平方米，恢复水域面积6.8万亩，长江干流国控断面水质连续两年全线达到Ⅱ类。?
Promoting well-coordinated environmental conservation and avoiding excessive development while developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The Yangtze River is the mother river of the Chinese nation, and a powerhouse for China's development. The restoration of the Yangtze River's eco-environment is a top priority. China is coordinating economic development and environmental protection and building an economic belt epitomizing green development and harmony between humanity and nature. Taking advantage of the opportunities offered by industrial integration, the Yangtze River Economic Belt is building a green industrial system and accelerating its green economic transformation. A tough battle has been launched to protect and restore the eco-environment in the Yangtze River Basin: Intense efforts have been made to carry out the "4+1" project — the treatment of urban sewage and garbage, chemical pollution, agricultural non-point source pollution, ship pollution and tailing pond pollution; a comprehensive 10-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River Basin has been implemented; action has been taken to regulate banks development projects and remove illegal dykes.?Since 2018, unauthorized structures along 162 kilometers of the river banks have been demolished, more than 12 square kilometers along the banks have been revegetated, and 4,533 hectares have been returned to water. The water quality at the state-monitored sections of the mainstream of the Yangtze River has reached Grade II level (the second best level) for the past two years.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 扎实推动京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设、长三角一体化发展、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展，高标准、高质量建设雄安新区。?
We will take solid steps to promote the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta, and ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin.?
- 扎实推进长江经济带生态环境系统性保护修复，大力实施城镇污水垃圾、化工污染、农业面源污染、船舶污染以及尾矿库治理“4+1”工程，长江流域重点水域“十年禁渔”全面启动，深入开展绿色发展试点示范，长江保护法正式出台。?
We advanced systematic environmental protection and restoration along the Yangtze Economic Belt through concrete measures. We carried out a project to treat urban sewage and waste and to tackle pollution from the chemicals industry, ships, agricultural non-point sources, and tailing sites. A 10-year ban on fishing in key waters of the Yangtze River basin came into force, pilot and demonstration programs for green development were launched, and the Yangtze River Conservation Law was promulgated.?
- 长江经济带共抓大保护格局进一步巩固，国土空间规划编制工作启动，“三水共治”、河湖清“四乱”专项行动扎实推进，1361座非法码头专项整治全面完成，长江干流断面水质优良比例明显提高。?
On the Yangtze Economic Belt, the pattern of close coordination on environmental protection was consolidated. We began formulating a territorial space plan, and made solid progress in employing the three-fold approach of controlling water pollution, restoring water ecosystems, and conserving water resources and in addressing four kinds of behaviors detrimental to environmental protection on rivers and lakes. Rectification work was completed on 1,361 illegal wharves, and the cross-section water quality of the main stream of the Yangtze River improved significantly.?
- 以共抓大保护、不搞大开发为导向推动长江经济带发展。?We will facilitate the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt by promoting well-coordinated environmental conservation and avoiding excessive development.?
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长江重点生态区 / Yangtze River Ecozone (one of the three ecozones?三区 sān qū of the Three Eco-zones and Four Shelterbelts?三区四带 sān qū sì dài)?
- 通过划定生态保护红线和编制生态保护修复规划，巩固了以青藏高原生态屏障区、黄河重点生态区（含黄土高原生态屏障）、长江重点生态区（含川滇生态屏障）、东北森林带、北方防沙带、南方丘陵山地带、海岸带等为依托的“三区四带”生态安全格局。?
Through drawing ECRLs and drafting ecological protection and restoration plans, the country has consolidated an overall eco-environmental conservation configuration composed of Three Eco-zones and Four Shelterbelts — the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecozone, the Yellow River Eco-zone (including the Loess Plateau Ecological Barrier), the Yangtze River Eco-zone (including the Sichuan-Yunnan Ecological Barrier), and the Northeast, North, South, and Coastal Shelterbelts.?
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超采 / over-exploitation?
WP quote:
- 实施京津冀协同发展战略，在交通、环境、产业、公共服务等领域协同推
进，强化生态环境联建联防联治。以京津冀地区为重点，开展华北地区地下水超采综合治理，扭转了上世纪80年代以来华北地下水位逐年下降的趋势。?The strategy for the region's coordinated development has been implemented, spurring the integrated development of areas such as transport, environment, industry and public services, and strengthening joint prevention and control of environmental problems. With the region as a focus, comprehensive efforts have been made to address overexploitation of groundwater in north China, with the groundwater level going down continuously since the 1980s being reversed.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 推进地下水超采区综合治理试点，实施湿地等生态 保护与恢复工程，继续治理荒漠化、石漠化和水土流失。?
Trials to comprehensively deal with the over-abstraction of groundwater will be moved ahead, more will be done to protect and restore wetlands and other ecosystems, and continued efforts will be made to curb desertification, rock desertification, and soil erosion.
- 加快现代农业建设。全面推开农业“三项补贴”改革。支持实施500万亩粮改豆和600万亩粮改饲试点，探索实行耕地轮作休耕制度试点。深入开展重金属污染耕地修复及种植结构调整试点，扩大地下水超采区综合治理试点范围。?
We provided direct subsidies to grain growers, subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties, and general subsidies for the purchase of agricultural supplies nationwide. We subsidized trials to shift from growing grain crops to producing soybeans on 333,300 hectares of farmland and from growing grain crops to cultivating feed crops on 400,000 hectares of cultivated land. We also subsidized trials in using systems of crop rotation and fallow land. More funds were made available for trials to restore cultivated land contaminated by heavy metals and adjust the agricultural production mix, as well as trials to deal comprehensively with the over-abstraction of groundwater in more areas.?
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城市公共交通 / urban public transportation?
WP quote:
- 深入实施城市公共交通优先发展战略，截至2021年底，已有51个城市开通运营城市轨道交通线路275条，运营里程超过8700公里；公交专用车道从2012年的5256公里增长到2021年的18264公里。?
China has also emphasized the strategy of giving priority to urban public transport.?By the end of 2021, there were 275 urban rail transit lines in operation in 51 cities, with a total track length of more than 8,700 kilometers. The length of exclusive bus lanes increased from 5,256 kilometers in 2012 to 18,264 kilometers in 2021.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 将新能源汽车推广应用财政补贴政策实施期限延长至2022年底，平缓补贴退坡力度和节奏，加快城市公共交通等领域汽车电动化，继续支持充电桩、换电站等建设。?
We will extend government subsidy policies for promoting the use of new-energy vehicles until the end of 2022 and ease the gradient and pace of phasing out the subsidy, while working to accelerate the introduction of electric automobiles in urban public transportation and continuing support for the construction of charging facilities and battery swap stations.?
- 自1989年《方便残疾人使用的城市道路和建筑物设计规范（试行）》颁布实施以来，中国相继制定了《无障碍设计规范》《无障碍设施施工验收及维护规范》等国家标准；发布实施《城市公共交通设施无障碍设计指南》《标志用公共信息图形符号第9部分：无障碍设施符号》等国家标准。?
After the “Design Standards of Urban Roads and Buildings for the Convenience of Persons with Disabilities (Trial)” came into effect in 1989, China has formulated the “Codes for Accessibility Design”, the “Construction Acceptance and Maintenance Standards of the Barrier-free Facilities” and other national standards, and issued the “Accessibility Design Guide for Urban Public Transport Facilities” and the “Public Information Graphical Symbols for Use on Sign – Part 9: Symbols for Accessible Facilities”.?
- 《中长期铁路网规划》《国家高速公路网规划》等一系列规划陆续出台。 大力提升交通运输基本公共服务水平，全面加强城乡客运、城市公共交通、交通运输安全应急救助等领域建设。?
The Chinese government issued the Medium- and Long-Term Railway Network Plan, National Expressways Network Plan and related programs, while vigorously improving basic transport public service capacity, urban and rural passenger transport, urban public transport and transport safety emergency rescue.?
- 促进现代物流业发展，提升综合运输服务保障水平。加强交通运输基本公共服务供给和管理，支持集中连片特困地区交通运输基础设施、城乡客运、城市公共交通发展。?
It [China] has enhanced the supply and management of basic public services for transport, supporting the development of transport infrastructure in contiguous impoverished areas, urban and rural passenger transport and urban public transport.?
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充电桩 / charging pile?
WP quote:
- 深入推进港口和公路绿色交通配套设施建设，截至2021年底，主要港口五类专业化泊位岸电设施覆盖率达75%；高速公路服务区建成13374个充电桩，数量居全球第一。?
It [China] has also built more green port and road transport support facilities. By the end of 2021, five types of shore power facilities had been built in 75 percent of the specialized berths of major ports, and 13,374 charging piles had been built in expressway service areas — the highest number in the world.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 稳定增加汽车、家电等大宗消费，取消对二手车交易不合理限制，增加停车场、充电桩、换电站等设施，加快建设动力电池回收利用体系。?
We will encourage steady increases in spending on home appliances, automobiles, and other big-ticket items, and abolish excessive restrictions on sales of second-hand vehicles. More car parks and electric vehicle battery charging and swapping facilities will be built, and the system for recycling power batteries will be developed at a faster pace.?
- 稳定和扩大汽车等大宗消费，推动汽车等消费品由购买管理向使用管理转变，支持新能源汽车消费，持续开展新能源汽车下乡，加强城镇停车设施和充电桩、换电站等配套设施建设。?
We will stabilize and expand spending on automobiles and other big-ticket items and promote a shift from regulating the purchase of consumer goods like motor vehicles to regulating their use. To support the purchasing of new-energy vehicles, we will make continued efforts to boost purchases in rural areas and encourage the construction of supporting facilities in urban areas such as parking spaces and battery charging and swapping facilities.?
- 重点支持既促消费惠民生又调结构增后劲的“两新一重”建设，主要是：加强新型基础设施建设，发展新一代信息网络，拓展5G应用，建设数据中心，增加充电桩、换电站等设施，推广新能源汽车，激发新消费需求、助力产业升级。?
Priority will be given to new infrastructure and new urbanization initiatives and major projects, which not only boost consumption and benefit the people, but also facilitate structural adjustments and enhance the sustainability of growth. Specifically, efforts will be made mainly in the following three areas: First, we will step up the construction of new types of infrastructure. We will develop next-generation information networks, expand 5G applications, and develop data centers. We will build more battery charging and swapping facilities and promote wider use of new-energy automobiles. We will stimulate new consumer demand and promote industrial upgrading.?
- 将新能源汽车推广应用财政补贴政策实施期限延长至2022年底，平缓补贴退坡力度和节奏，加快城市公共交通等领域汽车电动化，继续支持充电桩、换电站等建设。?
We will extend government subsidy policies for promoting the use of new-energy vehicles until the end of 2022 and ease the gradient and pace of phasing out the subsidy, while working to accelerate the introduction of electric automobiles in urban public transportation and continuing support for the construction of charging facilities and battery swap stations.?
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川滇生态屏障 / Sichuan-Yunnan Ecological Barrier (part of the Yangtze River Ecozone 长江重点生态区 cháng jiāng zhòng diǎn shēng tài qū; one of the three ecozones?三区 sān qū of the Three Eco-zones and Four Shelterbelts?三区四带 sān qū sì dài)?
- 通过划定生态保护红线和编制生态保护修复规划，巩固了以青藏高原生态屏障区、黄河重点生态区（含黄土高原生态屏障）、长江重点生态区（含川滇生态屏障）、东北森林带、北方防沙带、南方丘陵山地带、海岸带等为依托的“三区四带”生态安全格局。?
Through drawing ECRLs and drafting ecological protection and restoration plans, the country has consolidated an overall eco-environmental conservation configuration composed of Three Eco-zones and Four Shelterbelts — the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecozone, the Yellow River Eco-zone (including the Loess Plateau Ecological Barrier), the Yangtze River Eco-zone (including the Sichuan-Yunnan Ecological Barrier), and the Northeast, North, South, and Coastal Shelterbelts.?
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大熊猫国家公园 / Giant Panda National Park (Sichuan)?
- 中国努力构建以国家公园为主体、自然保护区为基础、各类自然公园为补充的自然保护地体系，正式设立三江源、大熊猫、东北虎豹、海南热带雨林、武夷山首批5个国家公园，积极稳妥有序推进生态重要区域国家公园创建。?
China is developing a PA system with national parks as the mainstay, supported by nature reserves and supplemented by nature parks. It has created its first batch of five national parks — the Three-River-Source National Park, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, and the Wuyishan National Park. It is making steady progress in building national parks in environmentally important regions.?
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低碳示范区 / low-carbon demonstration zone?
- 积极开展应对气候变化南南合作，2016年起在发展中国家启动10个低碳示范区、100个减缓和适应气候变化项目、1000个应对气候变化培训名额的合作项目，实施了200多个应对气候变化的援外项目。?
China is also an active participant in South-South cooperation on climate change. Since 2016, working in other developing countries, it has launched 10 low-carbon demonstration zones, 100 projects for climate change mitigation and adaption, training sessions on climate change response for 1,000 people, and more than 200 foreign assistance programs on climate change.?
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电解铝 / electrolytic aluminum?
WP quote:
- 在保障产业链供应链安全的同时，积极稳妥化解过剩产能、淘汰落后产能，对钢铁、水泥、电解铝等资源消耗量高、污染物排放量大的行业实行产能等量或减量置换政策。?
While protecting industrial and supply chains, China has taken active and well-ordered steps to ease overcapacity and close down outdated production facilities. Measures have been taken to curb industries that over-exploit resources and cause environmental damage, such as steel, cement and electrolytic aluminum. A swap system has been introduced that allows producers to open equal or lower amounts of new capacity in return for closures elsewhere.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- ?“十三五”期间（2016－2020年），累计退出钢铁过剩产能1.5亿吨以上、水泥过剩产能3亿吨，地条钢全部出清，电解铝、水泥等行业的落后产能基本出清。?
During the 13th Five-year Plan period (2016-2020), China has removed more than 150 million tonnes of excess steel production capacity and 300 million tonnes of excess cement production capacity. Substandard steel products have been eliminated and almost all outdated production capacity in industries such as electrolytic aluminum and cement manufacturing has been removed.?
- 近三年淘汰落后炼钢炼铁产能9000多万吨、水泥2.3亿吨、平板玻璃7600多万重量箱、电解铝100多万吨。?
Cuts made in outdated production capacity over the past three years have included over 90 million metric tons of steel and iron, 230 million metric tons of cement, over 76 million weight cases of plate glass, and more than one million metric tons of electrolytic aluminum.?
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电子发票 / electronic invoice; e-invoice?
- 全面实施铁路电子客票，推广电子发票应用，大幅减少票纸用量。?
China has significantly reduced paper usage by introducing electronic railway tickets nationwide and encouraging electronic invoicing.?
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电子客票 / electronic ticket; e-ticket?
- 全面实施铁路电子客票，推广电子发票应用，大幅减少票纸用量。?
China has significantly reduced paper usage by introducing electronic railway tickets nationwide and encouraging electronic invoicing.?
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东北虎豹国家公园 / Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park (Jilin)?
中国努力构建以国家公园为主体、自然保护区为基础、各类自然公园为补充的自然保护地体系，正式设立三江源、大熊猫、东北虎豹、海南热带雨林、武夷山首批5个国家公园，积极稳妥有序推进生态重要区域国家公园创建。?
China is developing a PA system with national parks as the mainstay, supported by nature reserves and supplemented by nature parks. It has created its first batch of five national parks — the Three-River-Source National Park, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, and the Wuyishan National Park. It is making steady progress in building national parks in environmentally important regions.?
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东北森林带 / Northeast Shelterbelt (one of the four shelterbelts 四带 sì dài of the Three Eco-zones and Four Shelterbelts 三区四带 sān qū sì dài)?
- 通过划定生态保护红线和编制生态保护修复规划，巩固了以青藏高原生态屏障区、黄河重点生态区（含黄土高原生态屏障）、长江重点生态区（含川滇生态屏障）、东北森林带、北方防沙带、南方丘陵山地带、海岸带等为依托的“三区四带”生态安全格局。?
Through drawing ECRLs and drafting ecological protection and restoration plans, the country has consolidated an overall eco-environmental conservation configuration composed of Three Eco-zones and Four Shelterbelts — the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecozone, the Yellow River Eco-zone (including the Loess Plateau Ecological Barrier), the Yangtze River Eco-zone (including the Sichuan-Yunnan Ecological Barrier), and the Northeast, North, South, and Coastal Shelterbelts.?
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都市现代农业 / urban modern agriculture?
- 各地方积极探索生态产品价值实现方式路径，都市现代农业、休闲农业、生态旅游、森林康养、精品民宿、田园综合体等生态产业新模式快速发展。?
Extensive pilot projects have been carried out at local level to explore methods and pathways to realize the value of eco-environmental products. New models of eco-friendly industry such as urban modern agriculture, leisure agriculture, eco-environmental tourism, forest healthcare, boutique homestays, and pastoral leisure complexes have witnessed rapid development.?
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多规合一 / multiple plans consolidated into one?
WP quote:
- 实现国土空间规划“多规合一”。将主体功能区规划、土地利用规划、城乡规划等空间规划融合为统一的国土空间规划，逐步建立“多规合一”的规划编制审批体系、实施监督体系、法规政策体系和技术标准体系，强化国土空间规划对各专项规划的指导约束作用，加快完成各级各类国土空间规划编制，逐步形成全国国土空间开发保护“一张图”。?
China has integrated different plans into a single master plan for territorial space development. It has integrated functional zoning, land use, urban and rural planning, and other spatial planning into a unified territorial space plan. A comprehensive system integrating planning approval, implementation supervision, regulations, policies and technical standards is taking shape. The role of territorial space planning has been strengthened in guiding and constraining various specific plans. It has sped up the drafting of various plans for territorial space at all levels. As a result, an overall master plan will eventually be drawn up for the development and protection of territorial space.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 更加注重发挥区域比较优势，着力促进城乡融合发展，区域优势互补、协调发展的格局持续优化，主体功能区战略稳步推进，“多规合一”的国土空间规划体系正在形成。?
We focused on harnessing the comparative strengths of each region and vigorously promoted integrated urban-rural development. We continued to refine the arrangements for achieving complementarity and coordinated development between regions, and steadily implemented the functional zoning strategy. A system of integrated plans for China’s territorial space is being put in place.?
- 乡村振兴战略规划（2018－2022年）出台实施，28个省级乡村振兴战略规划已印发，其他省（区、市）已基本完成规划编制工作，多规合一的村庄规划编制部署推进，乡村振兴的制度框架和政策体系逐步建立，乡村振兴阶段性重点工作全面展开。?
The Strategic Plan for Rural Revitalization (2018-2022) was issued for implementation. A total of 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have already published complimentary plans. In addition, plans for all others have been basically completed, and work on rolling separate village development plans into one single plan has continued. The institutional framework and policy system for rural revitalization have been gradually established and all major work planned for the current stage has begun.?
- 促进“多规合一”，提升城市规划设计水平。?
We will encourage local governments to integrate their urban plans into single master plans and raise the standard of municipal planning and design.?
- 增强城市规划的科学性、前瞻性、权威性、公开性，促进“多规合一”。?
We will make urban planning more sound, forward-looking, authoritative, and transparent and encourage local governments to integrate their various types of urban plans into a single master plan.?
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多式联运 / multimodal transport; intermodal transport?
WP quote:
- 优化交通运输结构。加快推进铁路专用线建设，推动大宗货物“公转铁”“公转水”，深入开展多式联运。2021年，铁路、水路货运量合计占比达到24.56%，比2012年提高3.85个百分点。深入实施城市公共交通优先发展战略，截至2021年底，已有51个城市开通运营城市轨道交通线路275条，运营里程超过8700公里；公交专用车道从2012年的5256公里增长到2021年的18264公里。?
Optimizing the structure of transport. China has accelerated the construction of special railway lines, promoted the shift of freight transport from road to railway and waterway, and encouraged intermodal transport. In 2021, the railway and waterway freight volume accounted for 24.56 percent of the total in China, an increase of 3.85 percentage points over 2012. China has also emphasized the strategy of giving priority to urban public transport. By the end of 2021, there were 275 urban rail transit lines in operation in 51 cities, with a total track length of more than 8,700 kilometers. The length of exclusive bus lanes increased from 5,256 kilometers in 2012 to 18,264 kilometers in 2021.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 加快物流业制造业融合创新发展，积极推动多式联运、智慧物流等新业态新模式发展。?
We will accelerate the innovative integrated development of logistics and manufacturing and promote the development of new forms and models of business such as multimodal transportation and smart logistics.?
- 扎实推动长江经济带高质量发展，深入推进污染治理“4+1”工程，持续巩固长江禁捕和退捕渔民安置保障工作成果，积极构建生态产品价值实现机制政策制度体系，建立长江流域协调机制和水生态考核机制，完善综合交通运输体系，力争全线开工建设沿江高铁，大力发展多式联运。?
We will advance the high-quality development of the Yangtze Economic Belt. We will continue with the project of curbing pollution from the chemical industry, ships, agricultural non-point sources, and mine tailing deposits and treating urban sewage and waste. We will make continued efforts to build on the results achieved in implementing a fishing ban on the Yangtze River and in providing resettlement and other support for people previously engaged in the fishing business. Mechanisms, policies, and institutions will be introduced as needed to ensure the realization of the value of ecosystem services. We will set up a coordination mechanism and a water ecosystem assessment system in the Yangtze River basin. We will improve the integrated transportation system, start the construction of more high-speed railway lines along the Yangtze River, and take bigger steps to develop multimodal transportation.?
- 多式联运、甩挂运输等先进运输组织模式及冷链等专业物流快速发展，集装箱、厢式货车等标准化运载单元加快推广，城乡物流配送信息化、集约化程度明显提升，提高了社会物流运行效率。?
Multimodal transport, drop and pull transport and cold chain logistics have developed quickly; the use of standardized transport units such as containers and vans has been promoted; and urban and rural logistics have enhanced IT application and intensified services, thus increasing logistics efficiency.?
- 实施“互联网+交通运输”行动计划，加快智能交通发展，推广先进信息技术和智能技术装备应用，加强联程联运系统、智能管理系统、公共信息系统建设，加快发展多式联运，提高交通运输服务质量和效益。?
With the implementation of the "Internet+transport" action plan, China is encouraging the development of intelligent transport, and the application of advanced information technology and smart appliances. More efforts will be made in the development of through-transport, smart management and public information systems, in strengthening multimodal transport, and in enhancing the quality and profit of transport services.?
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防风固沙 / wind breaks and sand-fixing?
- 着力防控化解生态风险，将承担水源涵养、水土保持、防风固沙和生物多样性保护等重要生态功能的县级行政区确定为重点生态功能区，以保护生态环境、提供生态产品为重点，限制大规模高强度工业化城镇化开发，推动自然生态系统总体稳定向好，生态服务功能逐步增强，生态产品供给水平持续提升。?
County-level administrative units that perform important ecological functions such as water conservation, soil and water conservation, inhibiting winds, fixing sand, and protecting biodiversity are designated as key ecosystem service zones, which should focus on protecting the environment and providing eco-environmental products and be restricted from large-scale industrialization and urbanization. As a result, China's natural ecosystems are generally stable or improving, eco-environmental services have improved, and the supply of eco-environmental products has continued to increase.?
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非常规水 / unconventional water?
- 中国还将再生水、淡化海水、集蓄雨水、微咸水、矿井水等非常规水源纳入水资源统一配置，有效缓解了缺水地区的水资源供需矛盾。?
The comprehensive per capita water consumption in cities is falling steadily. China has also incorporated unconventional water sources, such as reclaimed water, desalinated seawater, collected rainwater, brackish water, and mine water, into the unified allocation of water resources, which has effectively eased the strain on demand in areas with a shortage of water.?
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非化石能源 / non-fossil energy; non-fossil fuel; alternative energy?
WP quote?:
- 大力发展非化石能源。加快推进以沙漠、戈壁、荒漠地区为重点的大型风电光伏基地建设，积极稳妥发展海上风电，积极推广城镇、农村屋顶光伏，鼓励发展乡村分散式风电。以西南地区主要河流为重点，有序推进流域大型水电基地建设。因地制宜发展太阳能热利用、生物质能、地热能和海洋能，积极安全有序发展核电，大力发展城镇生活垃圾焚烧发电。坚持创新引领，积极发展氢能源。加快构建适应新能源占比逐渐提高的新型电力系统，开展可再生能源电力消纳责任权重考核，推动可再生能源高效消纳。截至2021年底，清洁能源消费比重由2012年的14.5%升至25.5%，煤炭消费比重由2012年的68.5%降至56.0%；可再生能源发电装机突破10亿千瓦，占总发电装机容量的44.8%，其中水电、风电、光伏发电装机均超3亿千瓦，均居世界第一。?
Vigorously developing non-fossil energy. China has made rapid progress in building large-scale wind and photovoltaic power stations on infertile and rocky terrain and in deserts. It has steadily developed offshore wind farms, actively promoted rooftop photovoltaic power generation in urban and rural areas, and encouraged distributed wind power generation in rural areas. China has built a structured matrix of large hydropower stations in the basins of major rivers, especially those in the southwest. In accordance with local conditions, it has developed solar, biomass, geothermal and ocean energy, and power generation through urban solid waste incineration. It has developed nuclear power in a safe and orderly manner. Committed to innovation-driven development, China has worked on developing hydrogen energy. It has accelerated the construction of a new power system to adapt to the steady increase in the proportion of new energy. To promote the efficient use of renewable energy, it has carried out appraisals of relevant parties' performance in meeting the set goals for consumption of power generated from renewable energy. The proportion of clean energy sources in total energy consumption increased from 14.5 percent in 2012 to 25.5 percent by the end of 2021, and the proportion of coal decreased from 68.5 percent to 56 percent over the same period. The installed capacity of renewable energy was more than one billion kilowatts, accounting for 44.8 percent of China's overall installed capacity.The installed capacity of hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power each exceeded 300 million kilowatts, all ranking the highest in the world.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 2020年，中国宣布国家自主贡献新目标举措：中国二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值，努力争取2060年前实现碳中和；到2030年，中国单位GDP二氧化碳排放将比2005年下降65%以上，非化石能源占一次能源消费比重将达到25%左右，森林蓄积量将比2005年增加60亿立方米，风电、太阳能发电总装机容量将达到12亿千瓦以上。?
In 2020, China announced new NDC targets and measures. China aims to: peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060; lower its carbon intensity by over 65 percent by 2030 from the 2005 level; increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 25 percent by 2030; increase the forest stock volume by 6 billion cubic meters by 2030 from the 2005 level; bring its total installed capacity of wind and solar power to over 1.2 billion kW by 2030.?
- 相比2015年提出的自主贡献目标，时间更紧迫，碳排放强度削减幅度更大，非化石能源占一次能源消费比重再增加五个百分点，增加非化石能源装机容量目标，森林蓄积量再增加15亿立方米，明确争取2060年前实现碳中和。?
Compared with the objectives set in 2015, the new targets are more ambitious in timeframe. They involve a steeper cut in carbon intensity, an increase of another five percentage points in the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption, a new target for installed capacity of non-fossil fuels, an additional forest stock of 1.5 billion cubic meters, and a clear announcement to aim for carbon neutrality before 2060.?
- 扎实推进节能减排，单位国内生产总值能耗和单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放量继续下降，非化石能源占能源消费总量比重达15.9%。?
We made steady progress in promoting energy conservation and emissions reduction, and saw a continued decline in energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP. The share of non-fossil fuels in the total energy consumption reached 15.9%.?
- 风电、太阳能、水电装机规模保持世界第一，非化石能源发电装机规模增长到9.8亿千瓦。?
China’s installed capacity for wind power, solar power, and hydropower remained the world’s largest, with its installed capacity for electricity generated from non-fossil energy rising to 980 million kilowatts.?
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公转水 / highway to waterway; ships instead of trucks?
WP quote:
- 优化交通运输结构。加快推进铁路专用线建设，推动大宗货物“公转铁”“公转水”，深入开展多式联运。2021年，铁路、水路货运量合计占比达到24.56%，比2012年提高3.85个百分点。深入实施城市公共交通优先发展战略，截至2021年底，已有51个城市开通运营城市轨道交通线路275条，运营里程超过8700公里；公交专用车道从2012年的5256公里增长到2021年的18264公里。?
Optimizing the structure of transport. China has accelerated the construction of special railway lines, promoted the shift of freight transport from road to railway and waterway, and encouraged intermodal transport. In 2021, the railway and waterway freight volume accounted for 24.56 percent of the total in China, an increase of 3.85 percentage points over 2012. China has also emphasized the strategy of giving priority to urban public transport. By the end of 2021, there were 275 urban rail transit lines in operation in 51 cities, with a total track length of more than 8,700 kilometers. The length of exclusive bus lanes increased from 5,256 kilometers in 2012 to 18,264 kilometers in 2021.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 绿色交通体系日益完善。... 综合运输网络不断完善，大宗货物运输“公转铁”、“公转水”、江海直达运输、多式联运发展持续推进；铁路货运量占全社会货运量比例较2017年增长近两个百分点，水路货运量较2010年增加了38.27亿吨，集装箱铁水联运量“十三五”期间年均增长超过23%。?Steady progress is being made in green transport.
... With steady improvements to the integrated transport system, more bulk cargos are carried by train and ship instead of truck, and river-sea shipping and multimodal transport continue to expand. By 2020 the share of railways in China’s total freight volume had increased by nearly two percentage points over 2017, and the volume of river and sea freight had grown by 3.83 billion tonnes compared to 2010. Between 2016 and 2020 the volume of intermodal rail-water freight grew by an average of 23 percent year on year.?
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公转铁 / highway to railway; train instead of truck?
WP quote:
- 优化交通运输结构。加快推进铁路专用线建设，推动大宗货物“公转铁”“公转水”，深入开展多式联运。2021年，铁路、水路货运量合计占比达到24.56%，比2012年提高3.85个百分点。深入实施城市公共交通优先发展战略，截至2021年底，已有51个城市开通运营城市轨道交通线路275条，运营里程超过8700公里；公交专用车道从2012年的5256公里增长到2021年的18264公里。?
Optimizing the structure of transport. China has accelerated the construction of special railway lines, promoted the shift of freight transport from road to railway and waterway, and encouraged intermodal transport. In 2021, the railway and waterway freight volume accounted for 24.56 percent of the total in China, an increase of 3.85 percentage points over 2012. China has also emphasized the strategy of giving priority to urban public transport. By the end of 2021, there were 275 urban rail transit lines in operation in 51 cities, with a total track length of more than 8,700 kilometers. The length of exclusive bus lanes increased from 5,256 kilometers in 2012 to 18,264 kilometers in 2021.?
?
Previous PRC history of the term:
- 绿色交通体系日益完善。 ... 综合运输网络不断完善，大宗货物运输“公转铁”、“公转水”、江海直达运输、多式联运发展持续推进；铁路货运量占全社会货运量比例较2017年增长近两个百分点，水路货运量较2010年增加了38.27亿吨，集装箱铁水联运量“十三五”期间年均增长超过23%。?
Steady progress is being made in green transport. ... With steady improvements to the integrated transport system, more bulk cargos are carried by train and ship instead of truck, and river-sea shipping and multimodal transport continue to expand. By 2020 the share of railways in China’s total freight volume had increased by nearly two percentage points over 2017, and the volume of river and sea freight had grown by 3.83 billion tonnes compared to 2010. Between 2016 and 2020 the volume of intermodal rail-water freight grew by an average of 23 percent year on year.?
- 扎实推进柴油货车污染治理，积极推进“公转铁”、“公转水”?
We curbed pollution caused by diesel trucks, and continued to bring about a shift in freight transportation from highways to railways and waterways.?
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光盘行动 / Clean Plate Campaign (to eliminate food waste)?
WP quote:
- 颁布实施《中华人民共和国反食品浪费法》，大力推进粮食节约和反食品浪费工作，广泛深入开展“光盘”行动，节约粮食蔚然成风、成效显著。?
The Law of the People's Republic of China on Food Waste has been enacted, and initiatives launched to promote food saving and curb food waste including a "clean plate" campaign on a large scale, which have yielded remarkable results as more people are saving food.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 中国政府始终把解决好吃饭问题作为政府治国理政的头等大事，把减少粮食损失和浪费作为确保粮食安全的一条重要路径。习近平主席亲自倡导光盘行动，在全社会营造珍惜粮食、反对浪费的浓厚氛围。?
Ensuring food supply has always been the top governing priority in China. For the Chinese government, reducing food loss and waste is an important pathway towards food security. President Xi Jinping personally advocated the “Clean Plate” campaign to foster strong social awareness of cherishing food and ending waste.?
- 要倡导简约适度、绿色低碳、文明健康的生活方式和消费模式，让绿色消费成为新的时尚，要增强全民的资源节约意识，深入开展“光盘”等粮食节约行动，推进商品包装和流通环节包装绿色化、减量化和循环化，强化废旧物资循环利用。?
We will advocate a simple, moderate, green and low-carbon, civilized and healthy lifestyle and consumption model, and make green consumption a new fashion. We will enhance the national awareness of resource conservation, carry out in-depth food conservation campaigns such as the "Clear Your Plate" campaign, promote the greening, reduction, and recycling of commodity packaging and commodity distribution, and strengthen the recycling of waste and old materials.?
- 从“光盘行动”、反对餐饮浪费、节水节纸、节电节能，到环保装修、拒绝过度包装、告别一次性用品，“绿色低碳节俭风”吹进千家万户，简约适度、绿色低碳、文明健康的生活方式成为社会新风尚。?
In addition, tens of thousands of households are practicing thrift through actions such as saving food, water, paper, and energy, choosing eco-friendly materials for home decoration, and saying no to over-packaging and disposable products. The nation is turning towards a thrifty, healthy, green and low-carbon lifestyle.
- 多地启动新春美食活动，推广当地特色美食。?
Local governments also called for thrift in dining and actively advanced the “Clean Plate” Campaign.?
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国际生物多样性日 / International Day for Biological Diversity (May 22)?
WP quote:
- 持续开展全国节能宣传周、中国水周、全国城市节约用水宣传周、全国低碳日、全民植树节、六五环境日、国际生物多样性日、世界地球日等主题宣传活动，积极引导和动员全社会参与绿色发展，推进绿色生活理念进家庭、进社区、进工厂、进农村。?
Publicity activities themed on National Energy-Saving Publicity Week, China's Water Week, National Urban Water-Saving Week, National Low-Carbon Day, National Tree-Planting Day, World Environment Day, the International Day for Biological Diversity, and Earth Day, are organized on a regular basis to encourage and persuade the whole of society to engage in green development activities.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 中国高度重视生物多样性保护，大力开展生态文明建设。中国生态环境部今天下午正在举行国际生物多样性日庆祝活动。生态环境部党组书记孙金龙、外交部副部长谢锋、云南省副省长王显刚、林草局副局长李春良、欧盟驻华大使、《生物多样性公约》执行秘书、联合国开发计划署驻华代表等出席并讲话。?
China attaches great importance to biodiversity conservation and vigorously promotes ecological protection. China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment is holding an event to mark the International Day for Biological Diversity this afternoon. Sun Jinlong, Secretary of the Leading Party Members Group of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Xie Feng, Vice Foreign Minister, Wang Xiangang, Vice Governor of Yunnan Province, Li Chunliang, Deputy Director of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ambassador of the European Union to China, Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity and Resident Representative of the United Nations Development Programme in China, among others, attend and address the event.?
- 持续开展生物多样性保护宣传教育和科普活动，在国际生物多样性日、世界野生动植物日、世界湿地日、六五环境日、水生野生动物保护科普宣传月等重要时间节点举办系列活动，调动全社会广泛参与，进一步增强公众保护意识。?
Public awareness activities and dissemination of knowledge on biodiversity are being carried out. On important occasions such as the International Day for Biological Diversity, World Wildlife Day, World Wetlands Day, World Environment Day, and Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Public Awareness Month, events will be held to encourage broad social participation and raise public awareness of eco-environmental conservation.?
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国家公园 / national park?
WP quote:
- 中国努力构建以国家公园为主体、自然保护区为基础、各类自然公园为补充的自然保护地体系，正式设立三江源、大熊猫、东北虎豹、海南热带雨林、武夷山首批5个国家公园，积极稳妥有序推进生态重要区域国家公园创建。?
China is developing a PA system with national parks as the mainstay, supported by nature reserves and supplemented by nature parks. It has created its first batch of five national parks — the Three-River-Source National Park, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, and the Wuyishan National Park. It is making steady progress in building national parks in environmentally important regions.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 中国不断推进自然保护地建设，启动国家公园体制试点，构建以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系，率先在国际上提出和实施生态保护红线制度，明确了生物多样性保护优先区域，保护了重要自然生态系统和生物资源，在维护重要物种栖息地方面发挥了积极作用。?
China is setting up protected areas (PAs) and opening national parks on a trial basis, to create a PA framework with a focus on national parks. It was the first in the world to propose and implement the red line strategy for ecological conservation, and has designated priority areas in biodiversity conservation. These measures have contributed to the conservation of key natural ecosystems, biological resources, and habitats for key species.?
- 为加强生物多样性保护，中国正加快构建以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系，逐步把自然生态系统最重要、自然景观最独特、自然遗产最精华、生物多样性最富集的区域纳入国家公园体系。?
To strengthen biodiversity protection, China is moving faster to establish a protected areas system with national parks as the mainstay. Over time, areas with the greatest importance to the natural ecosystem, and with the most unique natural landscapes, the most valuable natural heritage and the greatest biodiversity reserve will be included in the national parks system.?
- 坚持绿水青山就是金山银山理念，加强山水林田湖草系统治理，加快推进重要生态屏障建设，构建以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系，森林覆盖率达到24.1%。?
We will stay true to the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and strengthen the conservation of mountain, river, forest, farmland, lake, and grassland ecosystems. We will move faster to build major ecological shields, develop a national park-based nature reserve system, and expand forest coverage to 24.1 percent of China’s total land area.?
- 重点生态功能区转移支付安排811亿元，增长12.5%，引导地方加强生态建设、建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系等。?
We will allocate 81.1 billion yuan of transfer payments to key ecosystem service zones, an increase of 12.5%, which will help local governments to strengthen ecological conservation and develop a system of nature reserves composed mainly of national parks.?
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国家森林城市 / national forest city?
WP quote:
- 持续拓展城市生态空间，建设国家园林城市、国家森林城市，推进城市公园体系和绿道网络建设，大力推动城市绿化，让城市再现绿水青山。?
Efforts have been made to expand urban eco-environmental space through construction of national garden cities and forest cities, as well as parks and greenways in cities. With increased greenery coverage, the urban eco-environment has been effectively restored.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 青海省建成1200个高原美丽乡村，西宁市成为国家森林城市。?
In Qinghai, 1,200 villages were honored "beautiful plateau villages", and Xining became a state-level forest city.?
- 到2020年，森林覆盖率提高到23%以上，湿地保有量稳定在8亿亩，自然保护地占国有面积稳定在17%以上，新增沙化土地治理面积1000万公顷，新增水土流失综合治理面积27万平方公里，国家森林城市达到200个，全国80%以上的行政村居民点绿化覆盖率达25%以上。?
By 2020 the country's forest coverage shall be raised to 23 percent of its land; the wetland inventory shall be stabilized at 800 million mu (over 53 million ha); and nature reserves shall remain steady at 17 percent of the country's total land area, in addition to another 10 million ha of improved desert land and another 270,000 sq km of land of which soil erosion control has been completed. In addition, the number of national "forest cities" shall increase to 200, and the ratio of green land shall reach 25 percent in over 80 percent of the administrative villages nationwide.?
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国家园林城市 / national garden city?
WP quote:
- 持续拓展城市生态空间，建设国家园林城市、国家森林城市，推进城市公园体系和绿道网络建设，大力推动城市绿化，让城市再现绿水青山。?
Efforts have been made to expand urban eco-environmental space through construction of national garden cities and forest cities, as well as parks and greenways in cities. With increased greenery coverage, the urban eco-environment has been effectively restored.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 持续开展国家生态文明建设示范区、国家环境保护模范城市、国家生态园林城市、国家园林城市等建设，着力推动城市生物多样性保护，城市生态空间格局持续优化，城市生态系统质量稳步提升，人民群众的生态环境获得感、幸福感和安全感不断增强。?
China is building national demonstration zones for eco-environmental progress, national model cities for environmental protection, national eco-park cities, and national park cities. The aim is to strengthen biodiversity conservation in urban areas, optimize the urban ecological spatial configuration, improve urban ecosystems, and enhance the people’s sense of gain, happiness and security from the eco-environment.?
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国家自主贡献力度 / Nationally Determined Contribution, NDC?
WP quote:
- 提高国家自主贡献力度，将完成全球最高碳排放强度降幅，用全球历史上最短时间实现碳达峰到碳中和，充分体现负责任大国的担当。?
China has reinforced the effort to achieve its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It will make the steepest cuts in the world to the intensity of its carbon emissions, and complete the process from carbon emissions peaking to carbon neutrality in the shortest span of time. This fully demonstrates its strong sense of responsibility as a major country.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 2020年9月，习近平主席在第75届联大一般性辩论上宣布中国将提高国家自主贡献力度。?
In September 2020, President Xi Jinping announced at the general debate of the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly that China will scale up its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions.?
- 2020年9月22日，中国国家主席习近平在第七十五届联合国大会一般性辩论上郑重宣示：中国将提高国家自主贡献力度，采取更加有力的政策和措施，二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值，努力争取2060年前实现碳中和。?
At the general debate of the 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly on September 22, 2020, President Xi Jinping announced that China would scale up its NDCs by adopting more vigorous policies and measures, strive to peak CO2 emissions before 2030, and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.?
- 2020年9月，习近平主席在第七十五届联合国大会一般性辩论上宣布中国将提高国家自主贡献力度，表明了中国全力推进新发展理念的坚定意志，彰显了中国愿为全球应对气候变化作出新贡献的明确态度。?
In September 2020, at the general debate of the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, he announced that China will scale up its NDC, demonstrating China’s resolve in applying its new development philosophy and its clear attitude to make further contributions to global efforts against climate change.?
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国土空间 / territorial space?
WP quote:
- 绿色空间格局基本形成：中国积极健全国土空间体系，加强生产、生活、生态空间用途统筹和协调管控，加大生态系统保护修复力度，有效扩大生态环境容量，推动自然财富、生态财富快速积累，生态环境保护发生历史性、转折性、全局性变化，为经济社会持续健康发展提供有力支撑。优化国土空间开发保护格局：国土是绿色发展的空间载体。中国实施主体功能区战略，建立全国统一、责权清晰、科学高效的国土空间规划体系，统筹人口分布、经济布局、国土利用、生态环境保护等因素，整体谋划国土空间开发保护，实现国土空间开发保护更高质量、更可持续。实现国土空间规划“多规合一”。将主体功能区规划、土地利用规划、城乡规划等空间规划融合为统一的国土空间规划，逐步建立“多规合一”的规划编制审批体系、实施监督体系、法规政策体系和技术标准体系，强化国土空间规划对各专项规划的指导约束作用，加快完成各级各类国土空间规划编制，逐步形成全国国土空间开发保护“一张图”。统筹优化国土空间布局。以全国国土调查成果为基础，开展资源环境承载能力和国土空间开发适宜性评价，科学布局农业、生态、城镇等功能空间，优化农产品主产区、重点生态功能区、城市化地区三大空间格局。统筹划定耕地和永久基本农田、生态保护红线、城镇开发边界等空间管控边界以及各类海域保护线，强化底线约束，统一国土空间用途管制，筑牢国家安全发展的空间基础。?
A Basic Green Territorial Configuration Is in Place:China is making efforts to optimize its governing system of territorial space. The country has strengthened the overall planning and coordinated management and control of territorial space for working and living and for the environment. It has intensified efforts to protect and restore ecosystems, effectively expanded the capacity of the eco-environment, and promoted the rapid accumulation of natural wealth and eco-environmental wealth, leading to historic, transformative, and comprehensive changes in eco-environmental protection and providing strong support for the sustainable and healthy development of the economy and society. Optimizing the development and protection of territorial space: A country's territorial space is the carrier for green development. China has implemented a functional zoning strategy and established a unified territorial space planning system that is science-based, efficient and built upon clearly defined powers and responsibilities. Taking into consideration factors such as population distribution, regional economic structures, land use, and eco-environmental protection, it has planned for the development and protection of territorial space with a holistic approach, so as to achieve higher-quality and more sustainable development of its territorial space. China has integrated different plans into a single master plan for territorial space development. It has integrated functional zoning, land use, urban and rural planning, and other spatial planning into a unified territorial space plan. A comprehensive system integrating planning approval, implementation supervision, regulations, policies and technical standards is taking shape. The role of territorial space planning has been strengthened in guiding and constraining various specific plans. It has sped up the drafting of various plans for territorial space at all levels. As a result, an overall master plan will eventually be drawn up for the development and protection of territorial space. Concerted efforts have been made to optimize the use of territorial space. Based on the results of national land resource surveys, China has carried out an evaluation of the carrying capacity of resources and the environment, and suitability of land development. It has scientifically designated agricultural, ecological, urban and other functional zones, and improved the territorial space layout that consists of three major zones — main agricultural production zones, key ecosystem service zones and urbanized zones. To strengthen national and regional eco-environmental security, China has designated permanent basic cropland, drawn red lines for eco-environmental protection, delineated boundaries for urban development, and set protection lines for all types of sea areas, in a coordinated manner. It has established centralized control over the use of territorial space and ensured that these lines are not crossed.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 深入实施区域协调发展战略、区域重大战略、主体功能区战略、新型城镇化战略，优化重大生产力布局，构建优势互补、高质量发展的区域经济布局和国土空间体系。?
We will thoroughly implement the coordinated regional development strategy, major regional strategies, the functional zoning strategy, and the new urbanization strategy. We will improve the distribution of the major productive forces and develop a regional economic layout and a territorial space system that complement each other's strengths and promote high-quality development.?
- 加强对生态文明建设的总体设计和组织领导，设立国有自然资源资产管理和自然生态监管机构，完善生态环境管理制度，统一行使全民所有自然资源资产所有者职责，统一行使所有国土空间用途管制和生态保护修复职责，统一行使监管城乡各类污染排放和行政执法职责。?
We will strengthen overall planning, organization, and leadership for building an ecological civilization. We will establish regulatory agencies to manage state-owned natural resource assets and monitor natural ecosystems, and improve environmental management systems. These agencies will, in a unified way, perform the duties of the owner of public-owned natural resource assets, the duties of regulating the use of all territorial space and protecting and restoring ecosystems, and the duties of monitoring the discharge of all pollutants in urban and rural areas and conducting administrative law enforcement.?
- 构建国土空间开发保护制度，完善主体功能区配套政策，建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系。坚决制止和惩处破坏生态环境行为。?
We will establish systems for developing and protecting territorial space, improve supporting policies on functional zones, and develop a nature reserves system composed mainly of national parks. We will take tough steps to stop and punish all activities that damage the environment.?
- 加快建立生态文明制度，健全国土空间开发、资源\节约、生态环境保护的体制机制，推动形成人与自然和谐发展现代化建设新格局。?
We should move faster to set up a system for ecological progress, improve institutions and mechanisms for developing geographical space, conserving resources and protecting the ecological environment and promote modernization featuring harmonious development between man and nature.?
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海岸带 / Coastal Shelterbelt (one of the four shelterbelts 四带 sì dài of the Three Eco-zones and Four Shelterbelts 三区四带 sān qū sì dài)?
- 通过划定生态保护红线和编制生态保护修复规划，巩固了以青藏高原生态屏障区、黄河重点生态区（含黄土高原生态屏障）、长江重点生态区（含川滇生态屏障）、东北森林带、北方防沙带、南方丘陵山地带、海岸带等为依托的“三区四带”生态安全格局。?
Through drawing ECRLs and drafting ecological protection and restoration plans, the country has consolidated an overall eco-environmental conservation configuration composed of Three Eco-zones and Four Shelterbelts — the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecozone, the Yellow River Eco-zone (including the Loess Plateau Ecological Barrier), the Yangtze River Eco-zone (including the Sichuan-Yunnan Ecological Barrier), and the Northeast, North, South, and Coastal Shelterbelts.?
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海南热带雨林国家公园 / Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (Hainan)?
- 中国努力构建以国家公园为主体、自然保护区为基础、各类自然公园为补充的自然保护地体系，正式设立三江源、大熊猫、东北虎豹、海南热带雨林、武夷山首批5个国家公园，积极稳妥有序推进生态重要区域国家公园创建。?
China is developing a PA system with national parks as the mainstay, supported by nature reserves and supplemented by nature parks. It has created its first batch of five national parks — the Three-River-Source National Park, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, and the Wuyishan National Park. It is making steady progress in building national parks in environmentally important regions.?
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海洋能 / ocean energy; marine energy?
WP quote:
- 因地制宜发展太阳能热利用、生物质能、地热能和海洋能，积极安全有序发展核电，大力发展城镇生活垃圾焚烧发电。?
In accordance with local conditions, it has developed solar, biomass, geothermal and ocean energy, and power generation through urban solid waste incineration. It has developed nuclear power in a safe and orderly manner.
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 优化调整能源结构。 。。。确立能源安全新战略，推动能源消费革命、供给革命、技术革命、体制革命，全方位加强国际合作，优先发展非化石能源，推进水电绿色发展，全面协调推进风电和太阳能发电开发，在确保安全的前提下有序发展核电，因地制宜发展生物质能、地热能和海洋能，全面提升可再生能源利用率。?
Improving and adjusting the energy mix.?... To achieve this, it has: defined a new strategy for energy security that promotes a green revolution in energy consumption, supply, technology, and systems, strengthens international cooperation in an all-round way, prioritizes the development of non-fossil fuels, promotes the green development of hydropower, makes comprehensive and coordinated progress in wind and solar power development, pursues the orderly development of nuclear power under the precondition of guaranteed safety, develops biomass energy, geothermal energy, and marine energy based on local conditions, comprehensively increasing the rate of renewable energy use.?
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合同节水管理 / contracted water-conservation management?
WP quote:
- 综合能源服务、合同能源管理、合同节水管理、环境污染第三方治理、碳排放管理综合服务等新业态新模式不断发展壮大，2021年节能环保产业产值超过8万亿元。?
New forms and models of business continue to grow, such as comprehensive energy services, contract-based energy and water management, third-party treatment of environmental pollution, and comprehensive carbon emissions management services. In 2021, the output value of China's energy conservation and environmental protection industries exceeded RMB8 trillion.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
领英推荐
- 积极推广合同能源管理、合同节水管理、环境污染第三方治理模式，加快实施绿色制造工程，促进节能环保等绿色产业发展。开展绿色生活创建行动。实施应对气候变化国家战略，加快完善全国碳市场制度体系，积极参与全球气候治理。?
We will promote contracted energy and water-conservation management models and third-party treatment of environmental pollution, make rapid advances in green manufacturing, and boost the growth of green industries in relation to energy conservation and environmental protection. Initiatives will be carried out to promote eco-friendly lifestyles.?
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合同能源管理 / contracted energy management?
WP quote:
- 综合能源服务、合同能源管理、合同节水管理、环境污染第三方治理、碳排放管理综合服务等新业态新模式不断发展壮大，2021年节能环保产业产值超过8万亿元。?
New forms and models of business continue to grow, such as comprehensive energy services, contract-based energy and water management, third-party treatment of environmental pollution, and comprehensive carbon emissions management services. In 2021, the output value of China's energy conservation and environmental protection industries exceeded RMB8 trillion.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 积极推广合同能源管理、合同节水管理、环境污染第三方治理模式，加快实施绿色制造工程，促进节能环保等绿色产业发展。开展绿色生活创建行动。实施应对气候变化国家战略，加快完善全国碳市场制度体系，积极参与全球气候治理。?
We will promote contracted energy and water-conservation management models and third-party treatment of environmental pollution, make rapid advances in green manufacturing, and boost the growth of green industries in relation to energy conservation and environmental protection. Initiatives will be carried out to promote eco-friendly lifestyles.?
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横向耦合、纵向延伸、循环链接 / coupling of industries, extended responsibility of enterprises, and circular use of resources?
- 按照“横向耦合、纵向延伸、循环链接”原则，大力推进园区循环化改造，推动产业循环式组织、企业循环化生产。全面开展清洁生产审核，积极实施清洁生产改造，大幅提高清洁生产整体水平。全面推进数字化改造，重点领域关键工序数控化率由2012年的24.6%提高到2021年的55.3%，数字化研发设计工具普及率由48.8%提高到74.7%。截至2021年底，累计建成绿色工厂2783家、绿色工业园区223家、绿色供应链管理企业296家，制造业绿色化水平显著提升。?
Following the principles of "coupling of industries, extended responsibility of enterprises, and circular use of resources", it has promoted the transformation of industrial parks, circular combination of industries and circular production in enterprises. China has transformed its major industries to achieve clean production, and carried out comprehensive inspections of clean production. It has promoted digital transformation across the board.The digital control rate of key processes in key areas increased from 24.6 percent in 2012 to 55.3 percent in 2021, and the penetration rate of digital R&D and design tools increased from 48.8 percent to 74.7 percent in the same period. By the end of 2021, China hosted a total of 2,783 green factories, 223 green industrial parks, and 296 green supply chain management enterprises. The manufacturing sector has been significantly upgraded for green production.?
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环境容量 / environmental capacity?
WP quote:
- 综合考虑能源资源、环境容量、市场空间等因素，推动相关产业向更具发展条件和潜力的地区集中集聚，优化生产力布局，深化区域间分工协作，加快形成布局合理、集约高效、协调协同的现代化产业发展格局。?
Fully considering factors such as energy resources, environmental capacity, and market potential, China promotes the convergence of some industries in areas with more suitable conditions and greater potential for development. To expedite the formation of a modern and efficient industrial development configuration, it improves the distribution of productive forces and expands the division of industries and coordination across regions.?
- 统筹煤水资源和环境容量等因素，在中西部地区规划布局了若干个现代煤化工产业示范区，深入开展煤化工产业技术升级示范。
?China employs overall planning of resources such as coal and water and takes into consideration environmental capacity. Several modern coal chemical industry demonstration zones have been established in the central and western regions to pilot projects for technology upgrading in the coal chemical industry.?
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环境污染第三方治理 / third-party treatment of environmental pollution?
WP quote:
- 综合能源服务、合同能源管理、合同节水管理、环境污染第三方治理、碳排放管理综合服务等新业态新模式不断发展壮大，2021年节能环保产业产值超过8万亿元。?
New forms and models of business continue to grow, such as comprehensive energy services, contract-based energy and water management, third-party treatment of environmental pollution, and comprehensive carbon emissions management services. In 2021, the output value of China's energy conservation and environmental protection industries exceeded RMB8 trillion.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 积极推广合同能源管理、合同节水管理、环境污染第三方治理模式，加快实施绿色制造工程，促进节能环保等绿色产业发展。开展绿色生活创建行动。实施应对气候变化国家战略，加快完善全国碳市场制度体系，积极参与全球气候治理。?
We will promote contracted energy and water-conservation management models and third-party treatment of environmental pollution, make rapid advances in green manufacturing, and boost the growth of green industries in relation to energy conservation and environmental protection. Initiatives will be carried out to promote eco-friendly lifestyles.?
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黄标车 / yellow-label vehicle; high-emission vehicle?
WP quote:
- 提升机动车污染物排放标准，推进船舶使用LNG动力和岸电受电设施改造，加快老旧车船改造淘汰，2012年以来，累计淘汰黄标车和老旧车3000多万辆，拆解改造内河船舶4.71万艘。?
China has also updated the pollutant discharge standards for motor vehicles, promoted the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) powered boats and transformation of shore power facilities, and accelerated the transformation or elimination of obsolete vehicles and boats. Since 2012, more than 30 million yellow-label vehicles with high emissions have been eliminated, and 47,100 obsolete inland river boats have been re-engineered or mothballed.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 提高燃油品质，淘汰黄标车和老旧车2000多万辆。?
We have improved fuel quality, and taken over 20 million high-emission and old vehicles off the roads.?
- 2013年，国家颁布实施《大气污染防治行动计划》。2014年至2016年，累计淘汰黄标车和老旧车辆1600余万辆。燃煤火电机组基本实现脱硫脱硝全覆盖。超低排放加快推进，截至2017年3月，完成煤电机组超低排放改造约5亿千瓦。实施《土壤污染防治行动计划》，全面启动土壤污染状况详查。颁布《污染地块土壤环境管理办法（试行）》，设立土壤污染防治专项资金。?
In 2013, China enacted the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan; from 2014 to 2016, about 16 million heavily-polluting vehicles and old vehicles that couldn't meet the environmental protection standards were eliminated; all coal-fired generators have realized desulfurization and denitrification; ultra-low emissions have been encouraged, and by March 2017 coal-fired generators of about 500 million kw had been improved to achieve ultra-low emissions; the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution has been enacted, and a comprehensive survey of soil pollution has been launched; the Rules on Environmental Management of the Soil of Contaminated Sites (Trial) have been promulgated.?
- 基本淘汰黄标车，加快淘汰老旧机动车，对高排放机动车进行专项整治，鼓励使用清洁能源汽车。?
We will see that basically all higher-emission vehicles are scrapped, work faster to take old vehicles off the roads, carry out dedicated initiatives to deal with high-emission vehicles, and encourage the use of clean-energy cars.?
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黄河重点生态区 / Yellow River Ecozone (one of the three ecozones 三区 sān qū of the Three Eco-zones and Four Shelterbelts 三区四带 sān qū sì dài)?
- 通过划定生态保护红线和编制生态保护修复规划，巩固了以青藏高原生态屏障区、黄河重点生态区（含黄土高原生态屏障）、长江重点生态区（含川滇生态屏障）、东北森林带、北方防沙带、南方丘陵山地带、海岸带等为依托的“三区四带”生态安全格局。?
Through drawing ECRLs and drafting ecological protection and restoration plans, the country has consolidated an overall eco-environmental conservation configuration composed of Three Eco-zones and Four Shelterbelts — the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecozone, the Yellow River Eco-zone (including the Loess Plateau Ecological Barrier), the Yangtze River Eco-zone (including the Sichuan-Yunnan Ecological Barrier), and the Northeast, North, South, and Coastal Shelterbelts.?
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黄土高原生态屏障 / Loess Plateau Ecological Barrier (part of the Yellow River Ecozone?黄河重点生态区 huáng hé zhòng diǎn shēng tài qū; one of the three ecozones 三区 sān qū of the Three Eco-zones and Four Shelterbelts 三区四带 sān qū sì dài)?
- 通过划定生态保护红线和编制生态保护修复规划，巩固了以青藏高原生态屏障区、黄河重点生态区（含黄土高原生态屏障）、长江重点生态区（含川滇生态屏障）、东北森林带、北方防沙带、南方丘陵山地带、海岸带等为依托的“三区四带”生态安全格局。?
Through drawing ECRLs and drafting ecological protection and restoration plans, the country has consolidated an overall eco-environmental conservation configuration composed of Three Eco-zones and Four Shelterbelts — the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecozone, the Yellow River Eco-zone (including the Loess Plateau Ecological Barrier), the Yangtze River Eco-zone (including the Sichuan-Yunnan Ecological Barrier), and the Northeast, North, South, and Coastal Shelterbelts.?
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节水型城市 / water-saving city?
- 创建节水型城市，推行水效标识制度和节水产品认证，推广普及节水器具，城市人均综合用水量持续下降。?
It [China] has advocated the building of water-saving cities, established a water efficiency labeling system, introduced certification standards for water conservation products, and promoted the use of water-saving products and appliances.?
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经合组织 / Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD (abbreviation of 经济合作与发展组织?jīng jì hé zuò yǔ fā zhǎn zǔ zhī)?
WP quote:
- 科技创新投入力度逐步加大。全社会研发投入由2012年的1.03万亿元增长到2021年的2.80万亿元，研发投入强度由1.91%提高到2.44%，已接近经合组织国家平均水平。?
China has intensified investment in scientific and technological innovation. The nation's gross domestic research and development (R&D) spending grew from RMB1.03 trillion in 2012 to more than RMB2.8 trillion in 2021. Its R&D spending intensity, or the expenditure on R&D as a percentage of its GDP, rose from 1.91 percent in 2012 to 2.44 percent in 2021, approaching the average level of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries.?
- 中国政府优化调整疫情防控措施后，包括世界贸易组织、经合组织等在内的国际组织负责人都普遍看好中国经济发展前景，认为这将有助于支撑世界经济复苏和发展。?
After the Chinese government adjusted its COVID response measures, heads of international organizations including the WTO and the OECD have expressed optimism about China’s economic prospects and confidence that this will shore up the world economy’s recovery and growth.?
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精品民宿 / boutique homestay?
- 各地方积极探索生态产品价值实现方式路径，都市现代农业、休闲农业、生态旅游、森林康养、精品民宿、田园综合体等生态产业新模式快速发展。?
Extensive pilot projects have been carried out at local level to explore methods and pathways to realize the value of eco-environmental products. New models of eco-friendly industry such as urban modern agriculture, leisure agriculture, eco-environmental tourism, forest healthcare, boutique homestays, and pastoral leisure complexes have witnessed rapid development.?
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可持续发展 / sustainable development?
WP quote:
- 共谋全球可持续发展：保护生态环境、应对气候变化，是全人类的共同责任。只有世界各国团结合作、共同努力，携手推进绿色可持续发展，才能维持地球生态整体平衡，守护好全人类赖以生存的唯一家园。中国站在对人类文明负责的高度，积极参与全球环境治理，向世界承诺力争于2030年前实现碳达峰、努力争取2060年前实现碳中和，以“碳达峰碳中和”目标为牵引推动绿色转型，以更加积极的姿态开展绿色发展双多边国际合作，推动构建公平合理、合作共赢的全球环境治理体系，为全球可持续发展贡献智慧和力量。?
Working together for global sustainable development: Protecting the environment and countering climate change are the common responsibilities of all countries. Only when all countries unite and work together to promote green and sustainable development can we maintain the overall balance in the earth's ecology and protect humanity's one and only home. China has shouldered its responsibilities, actively participated in global environmental governance, and pledged to reach carbon emissions peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. It will advance the green transition with these goals as the lead, play a more active part in bilateral and multilateral international cooperation on green development, promote a fair and equitable system of global environmental governance, and contribute its wisdom and strength to global sustainable development.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 中方愿同有关国家和国际金融机构一道，继续为斯应对当前困难、缓解债务负担、实现可持续发展发挥积极作用。?
China stands ready to work with relevant countries and international financial institutions and continue to play a positive role in helping Sri Lanka navigate the situation, easing its debt burden and helping it achieve sustainable development.?
- 我们在G20提出数字创新合作行动计划，力争缩小南北国家间数字鸿沟，增强发展中国家可持续发展能力。?
We have proposed a G20 Action Plan on Digital Innovation and Cooperation, which is designed to narrow the North-South digital divide and improve the capability of sustainable development of developing countries.?
- 针对气候变化，坚定不移走绿色低碳可持续发展之路，积极构建公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系，展现了大国担当、发挥了表率作用。?
In response to climate change, China has steadfastly pursued green, low-carbon and sustainable development, and actively fostered a fair and equitable system of global climate governance for win-win cooperation. This is a clear demonstration of China’s readiness to shoulder its responsibility as a major country and play an exemplary role.?
- 非洲债务问题的本质是发展问题。解决非洲债务问题不仅要通过债务处理等手段治标，也要治本，提升非洲自主可持续发展能力。?
Africa’s debt issue is essentially a development issue. To tackle it, we need to not only treat the symptoms through debt management, but also address the root causes by strengthening Africa’s endogenous sustainable development capability.?
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蓝色海湾整治行动 / Blue Bay environmental improvement initiative?
WP quote:
- 陆续实施三北、长江等防护林和天然林保护修复、退耕还林还草、矿山生态修复、“蓝色海湾”整治行动、海岸带保护修复、渤海综合治理攻坚战、红树林保护修复等一批具有重要生态影响的生态环境修复治理工程，科学开展大规模国土绿化行动，推动森林、草原、湿地、河流、湖泊面积持续增加，土地荒漠化趋势得到有效扭转。?
It has carried out shelterbelt and natural forest protection and restoration programs such as the shelterbelt program in northeast China, north China and northwest China, programs returning marginal farmland to forests and grasslands, the program for ecological restoration of abandoned mines, the Blue Bay environment improvement initiative, the coastal belts protection and restoration program, the comprehensive management of the Bohai Sea water environment, the conservation and restoration of mangrove forests, and other restoration and rehabilitation projects of significant eco-environmental importance. China has carried out large-scale afforestation projects, steadily increased the area of forests, grasslands, wetlands, rivers and lakes, and effectively reversed the trend of desertification.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 持续提升生态碳汇能力。 ... 建立健全生态保护修复制度体系，统筹编制生态保护修复规划，实施蓝色海湾整治行动、海岸带保护修复工程、渤海综合治理攻坚战行动、红树林保护修复专项行动。?
Enhancing biological carbon sink capacity.?... introduced an ecological protection and restoration system, formulated relevant plans, and carried out the Blue Bay environmental improvement initiative, the coastal belts protection and restoration project, the comprehensive management of the Bohai Sea region’s water environment, and a special action for mangrove conservation and restoration.?
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垃圾分类 / waste classification; garbage classification?
WP quote:
- 在地级以上城市广泛开展生活垃圾分类工作，居民主动分类的习惯逐步形成，垃圾分类效果初步显现。?
Household waste sorting has been widely promoted in cities at or above prefecture level. Much progress is being made as residents gradually adopt the habit of sorting their waste.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 加强固体废物和新污染物治理，推行垃圾分类和减量化、资源化。?
We will step up the treatment of solid waste and new pollutants and implement measures to sort refuse, reduce waste and boost recycling.
- 有序推进城镇生活垃圾分类处置。推动快递包装绿色转型。加强危险废物医疗废物收集处理。?
Urban household waste sorting will be promoted in a well-planned way, the use of eco-friendly express delivery packaging will be encouraged, and the collection and treatment of hazardous waste and medical waste will be improved.?
- 深入实施农村人居环境整治提升五年行动，统筹推进农村改厕和生活污水治理，开展农村生活垃圾分类与资源化利用，整治提升村容村貌。?
We will continue with the five-year program designed to improve the rural living environment, coordinate efforts to upgrade toilets and improve domestic sewage treatment in rural areas, promote household waste sorting and recycling, and make our villages cleaner and more beautiful. Trials for the reform of rural residential land will be advanced in a steady and prudent manner.?
- 西藏自治区加强城乡社区绿化美化，解决垃圾分类处理、噪声污染处理、污水排放、秸秆焚烧等问题。?
The Tibet Autonomous Region has worked to improve the living conditions of urban and rural communities and address problems related to garbage classification, noise pollution, sewage discharge, and straw burning.?
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量子通信 / quantum communications?
WP quote:
- 人工智能、大数据、区块链、量子通信等新兴技术加快应用，培育了智能终端、远程医疗、在线教育等新产品、新业态，在经济发展中的带动作用不断增强。?
Thanks to accelerated efforts to implement emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, blockchain, and quantum communication, new products and business forms including intelligent terminals, telemedicine, and online education have been cultivated, and their role in boosting growth has continued to increase.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 国家实验室相继挂牌，新一代人工智能、量子通信与量子计算机、脑科学和类脑研究等“科技创新2030－重大项目”加快部署实施，深度参与热核聚变实验堆计划等国际大科学计划。?
We opened a number of national laboratories, accelerated the deployment and implementation of major projects for the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 Agenda involving next-generation artificial intelligence (AI), quantum communications and computing, and brain science and brain-inspired research, and fully participated in international Big Science programs such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor project.?
- 载人航天、深海探测、量子通信、大飞机等重大创新成果不断涌现。?
In manned spaceflight, deep-water exploration, quantum communications, large aircraft development, and more, China has seen a stream of major outcomes of innovation.?
- 子通信、中微子振荡、高温铁基超导等基础研究取得一批原创性成果，载人航天、探月工程、深海探测等项目达到世界先进水平。?
Original achievements were made in quantum communications, neutrino oscillation, and iron-based high-temperature superconductivity through basic research. World-class advances were made in manned spaceflight, the lunar exploration program, and deep-water exploration.?
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零进口 / zero import (of foreign solid waste)?
WP quote:
- 全面禁止洋垃圾入境，实现固体废物“零进口”目标，土壤环境风险得到基本管控。?
China has banned the import of foreign waste, fulfilling its goal of "zero import" of solid waste while basically bringing the threat of soil contamination under control.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 推进污水资源化利用，大力推动城镇环境基础设施建设，深入推行清洁生产，塑料污染全链条治理有力推进，大宗固废综合利用取得积极进展，全面实现洋垃圾零进口。?
Vigorous efforts were made to recycle sewage, develop environmental infrastructure in urban areas, thoroughly promote clean production, and effectively address all links of plastic pollution. Active progress was made in comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, and zero solid waste was imported.?
- 全面禁止洋垃圾入境，基本实现固体废物零进口。?
China has banned the import of foreign waste, and imports have largely fallen to zero.?
- 持续实施农业农村污染治理攻坚，全面开展“无废城市”建设试点，扎实推进污水资源化利用、塑料污染治理、医疗废物处置，推动资源循环利用基地和大宗固体废弃物综合利用基地建设，基本实现固体废物零进口目标。?
We continued to control pollution in agriculture and rural areas and carried out comprehensive trials for building waste-free cities. We made solid progress in recycling sewage, addressing plastic pollution, and disposing of medical waste. We stepped up the building of resource recycling centers and centers for the comprehensive use of massive solid waste, and essentially achieved the goal of zero solid waste imports. ?
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六五环境日 / June 5th World Environment Day?
WP quote:
- 持续开展全国节能宣传周、中国水周、全国城市节约用水宣传周、全国低碳日、全民植树节、六五环境日、国际生物多样性日、世界地球日等主题宣传活动，积极引导和动员全社会参与绿色发展，推进绿色生活理念进家庭、进社区、进工厂、进农村。?
Publicity activities themed on National Energy-Saving Publicity Week, China's Water Week, National Urban Water-Saving Week, National Low-Carbon Day, National Tree-Planting Day, World Environment Day, the International Day for Biological Diversity, and Earth Day, are organized on a regular basis to encourage and persuade the whole of society to engage in green development activities.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 持续开展生物多样性保护宣传教育和科普活动，在国际生物多样性日、世界野生动植物日、世界湿地日、六五环境日、水生野生动物保护科普宣传月等重要时间节点举办系列活动，调动全社会广泛参与，进一步增强公众保护意识。?
Public awareness activities and dissemination of knowledge on biodiversity are being carried out. On important occasions such as the International Day for Biological Diversity, World Wildlife Day, World Wetlands Day, World Environment Day, and Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Public Awareness Month, events will be held to encourage broad social participation and raise public awareness of eco-environmental conservation.?
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绿道 / greenway?
WP quote:
- 持续拓展城市生态空间，建设国家园林城市、国家森林城市，推进城市公园体系和绿道网络建设，大力推动城市绿化，让城市再现绿水青山。?
Efforts have been made to expand urban eco-environmental space through construction of national garden cities and forest cities, as well as parks and greenways in cities. With increased greenery coverage, the urban eco-environment has been effectively restored.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 在城市地区，制定城市适应气候变化行动方案，开展海绵城市以及气候适应型城市试点，提升城市基础设施建设的气候韧性，通过城市组团式布局和绿廊、绿道、公园等城市绿化环境建设，有效缓解城市热岛效应和相关气候风险，提升国家交通网络对低温冰雪、洪涝、台风等极端天气适应能力。?
In urban areas, action plan for cities to adapt to climate change has been formulated, and pilot projects for “sponge cities” and climate-adaptive cities have been carried out to improve the resilience of urban infrastructure. The urban cluster configuration and urban afforestation efforts such as corridors, greenways, and parks have effectively alleviated the urban heat island (UHI) effect and other climate risks, and improved the national transport network’s ability to adapt to extreme weather conditions such as unusually high or low levels of rain or snow, temperature fluctuations, typhoons, and other phenomena.?
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绿色 / green; greenness?
WP quote:
- 绿色成为新时代中国的鲜明底色，绿色发展成为中国式现代化的显著特征，广袤中华大地天更蓝、山更绿、水更清，人民享有更多、更普惠、更可持续的绿色福祉。?
Green is the defining feature of China in the new era and green development features the Chinese path to modernization. With more blue skies, green mountains, and lucid waters, the Chinese people could enjoy more accessible and sustainable green benefits. China's green development has helped to expand the greening areas of its own land and the earth, benefitting both China and the world at large.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 绿色是生命的象征、大自然的底色，良好生态环境是美好生活的基础、人民共同的期盼。?
Green is the color of nature and the symbol of life. A sound eco-environment is the basic foundation for a better life, and the common aspiration of the people.?
- 中国坚定不移走绿色、低碳、可持续发展道路，致力于将绿色发展理念融汇到经济建设的各方面和全过程，绿色已成为经济高质量发展的亮丽底色，在经济社会持续健康发展的同时，碳排放强度显著下降。?
China follows the path of green, low-carbon and sustainable development, and is committed to integrating green development into the whole process of economic development. Greenness has become an integral component of sustained and high-quality social and economic development, and China’s carbon intensity has decreased significantly.?
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绿色保险 / green insurance?
- 大力发展绿色金融，形成绿色信贷、绿色债券、绿色保险、绿色基金、绿色信托等多层次绿色金融产品和市场体系。?
In order to boost green finance, China has developed a multi-level market and a portfolio of green financial products, such as green credit, green bonds, green insurance, green funds, and green trust.?
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绿色发展 / green development, environmentally responsible development; environmentally sustainable development?
WP quote:
- 绿色发展是顺应自然、促进人与自然和谐共生的发展，是用最少资源环境代价取得最大经济社会效益的发展，是高质量、可持续的发展，已经成为各国共识。?
Green development is development that follows the laws of nature to promote harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, development that obtains the maximum social and economic benefits at minimum cost in resources and environmental impact, and sustainable and high-quality development that protects the eco-environment. It has become the goal of all countries.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 理念是行动的先导。立足新发展阶段，中国秉持创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局。在新发展理念中，绿色发展是永续发展的必要条件和人民对美好生活追求的重要体现，也是应对气候变化问题的重要遵循。绿水青山就是金山银山，保护生态环境就是保护生产力，改善生态环境就是发展生产力。应对气候变化代表了全球绿色低碳转型的大方向。中国摒弃损害甚至破坏生态环境的发展模式，顺应当代科技革命和产业变革趋势，抓住绿色转型带来的巨大发展机遇，以创新为驱动，大力推进经济、能源、产业结构转型升级，推动实现绿色复苏发展，让良好生态环境成为经济社会可持续发展的支撑。?
Actions are driven by philosophies. In this new development stage, China pursues a philosophy that development must be innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared, and accelerates the pace in creating a new development dynamic. Among the five axes of the new philosophy, green development is a necessary condition for sustainability. It represents the people’s aspiration for a better life, and is a key guide for China’s climate actions.?China holds the view that clear waters and green mountains are invaluable assets, and that eco-environmental protection and improvement lead to greater productivity.?Mitigating climate change reflects the overall global transition towards green and low-carbon living. China has abandoned its previous development model that damaged or even destroyed the eco-environment. Instead, following the current technological revolution and industrial trends, it has seized the opportunities created by green transition, transformed and upgraded its economic and industrial structure and energy mix through innovation, and achieved a green recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic. A better eco-environment is boosting China’s sustainable economic and social development.?
- 为推动形成绿色发展方式和生活方式，中国制定国家战略性新兴产业发展规划，以绿色低碳技术创新和应用为重点，引导绿色消费，推广绿色产品，提升新能源汽车和新能源的应用比例，全面推进高效节能、先进环保和资源循环利用产业体系建设，推动新能源汽车、新能源和节能环保产业快速壮大，积极推进统一的绿色产品认证与标识体系建设，增加绿色产品供给，积极培育绿色市场。持续推进产业结构调整，发布并持续修订产业指导目录，引导社会投资方向，改造提升传统产业，推动制造业高质量发展，大力培育发展新兴产业，更有力支持节能环保、清洁生产、清洁能源等绿色低碳产业发展。?
To shape green development models and green ways of life, China has formulated a plan for national strategic emerging industries with the aim to: guide green consumption, promote green products and increase the proportion of new-energy vehicles and new energy use, with an emphasis on innovation and the application of green and low-carbon technologies; promote industry systems for efficient energy conservation, state-of-the-art environmental protection, and resource recycling, boosting the growth of the new-energy vehicle industry, new energy industries and energy-saving and environmental protection industries; develop a unified certification and labeling system for green products and foster a green market by increasing the supply of green products. It has also pressed ahead with industrial restructuring through the following measures: issuing and continuously updating the catalog for guiding industry restructuring to steer non-governmental investment; transforming and upgrading traditional industries; boosting high-quality development of manufacturing; cultivating and developing emerging industries; providing greater support to green and low-carbon industries such as energy conservation, environmental protection, clean production, and clean energy.?
- 面对气候变化这一全人类重大挑战，我们要倡导绿色低碳理念，积极发展太阳能、风能等可再生能源，推动应对气候变化《巴黎协定》有效实施，不断增强可持续发展能力。?
In the face of climate change, which is a major challenge to all humanity, we need to advocate green and low-carbon development, actively promote solar, wind and other sources of renewable energy, work for effective implementation of the Paris Agreement on climate change and keep strengthening our capacity for sustainable development.?
- 我们将建设更紧密的绿色发展伙伴关系。加强绿色基建、绿色能源、绿色金融等领域合作，完善“一带一路”绿色发展国际联盟、“一带一路”绿色投资原则等多边合作平台，让绿色切实成为共建“一带一路”的底色。?
We will build a closer partnership for green development. We could strengthen cooperation on green infrastructure, green energy and green finance, and improve the BRI International Green Development Coalition, the Green Investment Principles for the Belt and Road Development, and other multilateral cooperation platforms to make green a defining feature of Belt and Road cooperation.?
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绿色工厂 / green factory?
- 截至2021年底，累计建成绿色工厂2783家、绿色工业园区223家、绿色供应链管理企业296家，制造业绿色化水平显著提升。?
By the end of 2021, China hosted a total of 2,783 green factories, 223 green industrial parks, and 296 green supply chain management enterprises. The manufacturing sector has been significantly upgraded for green production.?
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绿色公路 / green highway?
- 开展绿色公路建设专项行动，大力推动废旧路面材料再生利用，截至2021年底，高速公路、普通国省道废旧路面材料循环利用率分别达到95%、80%以上。?
China has initiated a special program for the construction of green highways, and the recycling of waste road surface materials. By the end of 2021, more than 95 percent of the waste materials from expressways and 80 percent of the waste materials from national and provincial highways had been recycled.?
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绿色工业园区 / green industrial park?
- 截至2021年底，累计建成绿色工厂2783家、绿色工业园区223家、绿色供应链管理企业296家，制造业绿色化水平显著提升。?
By the end of 2021, China hosted a total of 2,783 green factories, 223 green industrial parks, and 296 green supply chain management enterprises. The manufacturing sector has been significantly upgraded for green production.?
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绿色基金?/ green fund?
- 大力发展绿色金融，形成绿色信贷、绿色债券、绿色保险、绿色基金、绿色信托等多层次绿色金融产品和市场体系。?
In order to boost green finance, China has developed a multi-level market and a portfolio of green financial products, such as green credit, green bonds, green insurance, green funds, and green trust.?
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绿色交通 / green transportation?
WP quote:
- 建绿色交通运输体系:交通运输行业能源消耗大、污染物和温室气体排放多，是实现绿色发展需要重点关注的领域。中国以提升交通运输装备能效水平为基础，以优化用能结构、提高组织效率为关键，加快绿色交通运输体系建设，让运输更加环保、出行更加低碳。?
Building a green transport network: The transport sector is one that consumes a large amount of energy and generates significant pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions. This is an area that deserves more attention in the pursuit of green development. By upgrading the energy efficiency of transport equipment, China has accelerated the building of a green transport network, with optimizing the structure of energy consumption and improving the efficiency of organization as its priorities, so that transport will be more eco-friendly, and travel will be more low-carbon.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 构建绿色低碳交通体系。 。。。完善绿色交通制度和标准，发布相关标准体系、行动计划和方案，在节能减碳等方面发布了221项标准，积极推动绿色出行，已有100多个城市开展了绿色出行创建行动，每年在全国组织开展绿色出行宣传月和公交出行宣传周活动。?
Developing a green and low-carbon transportation system. ... Improved institutions and standards for green transportation by launching relevant standards, action plans and solutions. It has published 221 standards on energy-saving and carbon reduction. Encouraged green travel, with more than 100 cities joining the campaign to advocate green travel, and annual nation-wide publicity month for green travel and publicity week for public transit.?
- 绿色交通体系日益完善。中国坚定不移推进交通领域节能减排，走出了一条能耗排放做“减法”、经济发展做“加法”的新路子。?
Steady progress is being made in green transport. China is firmly committed to energy conservation and emissions reduction in the transport industry. It has therefore devised a means of reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions while maintaining economic growth.?
- 中方还将生态文明领域合作作为共建“一带一路”重点内容，发起了系列绿色行动倡议，采取绿色基建、绿色能源、绿色交通、绿色金融等一系列举措，持续造福参与共建“一带一路”的各国人民。?
China has also made ecological cooperation a key part of Belt and Road cooperation. A number of green action initiatives have been launched, covering wide-ranging efforts in green infrastructure, green energy, green transport and green finance, to bring enduring benefits to the people of all Belt and Road partner countries.?
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绿色矿山 / green mine; eco-friendly mine?
WP quote:
- 开展绿色矿山建设，大力推进绿色勘查和绿色开采，提升重要矿产资源开采回采率、选矿回收率、综合利用率，累计建设国家级绿色矿山1101座。?
China has advocated the construction of green mines, promoted green exploration and exploitation, and worked to increase the recovery rate, processing recovery rate, and multipurpose utilization rate of major mineral resources. A total of 1,101 state-level green mines have been built.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 积极推动矿业绿色发展。加大绿色矿山建设力度，全面建立和实施矿产资源开采利用最低指标和“领跑者”指标管理制度，发布360项矿产资源节约和综合利用先进适用技术。?
Driven the green development of the mining industry and intensified efforts to develop eco-friendly mines by establishing and implementing index management systems for the minimum exploitation and use of mineral resources and for the evaluation of “Frontrunners”. It has released 360 advanced and applicable technologies for the conservation and comprehensive use of mineral resources.?
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绿色商场 / green shopping mall?
WP quote:
- 积极培育商贸流通绿色主体，开展绿色商场创建。截至2021年底，全国共创建绿色商场592家。?
China has actively cultivated green firms of business circulation, and launched a campaign to create green shopping malls. Nationwide, a total of 592 green shopping malls had been built by the end of 2021.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 推动绿色商场等绿色流通主体建设，鼓励推动共享经济、二手交易等新模式蓬勃发展，绿色消费品类愈加丰富，绿色消费群体持续扩大。?
It has promoted the construction of green infrastructure in the circulation sector such as green shopping malls, and supported new business models such as the sharing economy and second-hand transactions. There is a richer variety of green products and a growing number of people who spend on green products.?
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绿色生活 / green living; eco-friendly living?
WP quote:
- 绿色生活方式渐成时尚：绿色发展同每个人息息相关，每个人都可以做绿色发展的践行者、推动者。中国积极弘扬生态文明价值理念，推动全民持续提升节约意识、环保意识、生态意识，自觉践行简约适度、绿色低碳的生活方式，形成全社会共同推进绿色发展的良好氛围。?
Eco-Friendly Living Becomes the Prevailing Ethos: Green development requires everyone's efforts, and each of us can promote and practice green living. China actively promotes the values and ideas of eco-environmental conservation, raises public awareness to conserve resources and protect the eco-environment, and advocates the practice of a simpler, greener, and low-carbon lifestyle, creating a conducive social atmosphere for jointly promoting green development.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 把绿色发展有关内容纳入国民教育体系，编写生态环境保护读本，在中小学校开展森林、草原、河湖、土地、水、粮食等资源的基本国情教育，倡导尊重自然、爱护自然的绿色价值观念。?
The idea of eco-friendly living has become widely accepted in families, communities, factories, and rural areas. Material on green development has been incorporated into China's national education system through compiling textbooks on eco-environmental conservation and carrying out education in primary and secondary schools on the condition of national resources including forests, grasslands, rivers and lakes, land, water and grain.?
- 践行绿色生活已成为建设美丽中国的必要前提，也正在成为全社会共建美丽中国的自觉行动。?
Green living is a prerequisite for building a beautiful China, and every member of society has become conscious of the need and is ready to act.?
- 加强城乡环境综合整治，倡导绿色生活方式，普遍推行垃圾分类制度。?
We will take comprehensive measures to improve both urban and rural environments, advocate green living, and promote waste sorting.?
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绿色食品 / green food?
WP quote:
- 。。。 深入实施地理标志农产品保护工程，全国绿色食品、有机农产品数量6万个，农产品质量安全水平稳步提高，优质农产品供给明显增加，有效促进了产业提档升级、农民增收致富。?
... China has implemented programs to protect agricultural products with geographical indications. There are now 60,000 types of green food and organic agricultural products across the country. The quality and safety standards of agricultural products have been steadily upgraded. The supply of high-quality agricultural products has increased significantly, which has effectively contributed to the upgrading of the whole industry, and generated higher incomes for farmers.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 鼓励发展生态种植、生态养殖和可持续经营，加强生物资源养护，制定可持续生产标准指南，加强绿色食品、有机农产品、森林生态标志产品、可持续水产品等绿色产品认证，发挥科技创新作用，强化农业、林业、渔业、畜牧业等领域的生物多样性保护与可持续利用。?
China encourages eco-friendly planting and breeding industries and sustainable operations. It has formulated guidelines on sustainable production for better conservation of bio-resources. It has improved the certification of green products such as green food, organic farm produce, forest products with ecolabels, and sustainable aquaculture products. China is leveraging innovative technology in protecting biodiversity, and sustainably utilizing bio-resources in the fields of agriculture, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry.?
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绿色数据中心 / green data center?
WP quote:
- 持续提升信息服务业能效水平，部分绿色数据中心已达世界领先水平。?
China has continued to improve the energy efficiency of the information service industry, with some world-leading green data centers.?
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Previoud PRC history of the term:
- 。。。在智能交通领域，港口和高速公路智能化改造成果显著，电子地图全面覆盖，电子客票全面普及，快递电子运单使用率超过90%，人民群众出行体验和物流便捷化水平大幅度提升。?
... in terms of smart transport, we have seen remarkable progress in the intelligent transformation of ports and freeways. Digital map achieved full coverage, and the e-tickets have been rollout out comprehensively. Electronic waybills have been applied to more than 90% of express delivery services. People's traveling experiences and other logistic services have been greatly facilitated.?
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绿色丝路使者计划 / Green Silk Road Envoy Program?
WP quote:
- 积极帮助共建国家加强绿色人才培养，实施“绿色丝路使者计划”，已为120多个共建国家培训3000人次。?
It [China] also helps these countries in training personnel for green development, having trained 3,000 people from more than 120 countries under the Green Silk Road Envoys Program.?
- 实施绿色丝路使者计划，与发展中国家共同加强环保能力建设，通过开展培训、项目合作等形式，为有关国家落实《联合国2030年可持续发展议程》提供帮助。?
A Green Silk Road Envoy Program has been launched to jointly build environmental protection capacity with other developing countries. Under the program, China has helped relevant countries, through training and other project cooperation, to implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.?
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绿色信贷 / green credit; green loan?
WP quote:
- 大力发展绿色金融，形成绿色信贷、绿色债券、绿色保险、绿色基金、绿色信托等多层次绿色金融产品和市场体系。?
In order to boost green finance, China has developed a multi-level market and a portfolio of green financial products, such as green credit, green bonds, green insurance, green funds, and green trust.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 截至2021年末，中国本外币绿色信贷余额15.9万亿元，绿色债券存量余额超过1.1万亿元，规模均居全球前列。?
At the end of 2021 China's green loan balance in RMB and foreign currencies stood at RMB15.9 trillion, and its outstanding green bonds at RMB1.1 trillion, both ranking among the largest in the world.?
- 大力发展绿色信贷，完善绿色债券配套政策，发布相关支持项目目录，有效引导社会资本支持应对气候变化。?
It has encouraged the development of green credit mechanisms, improved supporting policies for green bonds, and published a catalog of related supporting projects, effectively guiding private capital in addressing climate change.?
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绿色信托 / green trust?
- 大力发展绿色金融，形成绿色信贷、绿色债券、绿色保险、绿色基金、绿色信托等多层次绿色金融产品和市场体系。?
In order to boost green finance, China has developed a multi-level market and a portfolio of green financial products, such as green credit, green bonds, green insurance, green funds, and green trust.?
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绿色一带一路 / green Belt and Road?
WP quote:
- 推进共建绿色“一带一路”：中国始终致力于推进共建“一带一路”绿色发展，让绿色切实成为共建“一带一路”的底色。积极推动建立共建“一带一路”绿色低碳发展合作机制，与联合国环境规划署签署《关于建设绿色“一带一路”的谅解备忘录》，与有关国家及国际组织签署50多份生态环境保护合作文件。与31个共建国家共同发起“一带一路”绿色发展伙伴关系倡议，与32个共建国家共同建立“一带一路”能源合作伙伴关系。发起建立“一带一路”绿色发展国际联盟，成立“一带一路”绿色发展国际研究院，建设“一带一路”生态环保大数据服务平台，帮助共建国家提高环境治理能力、增进民生福祉。积极帮助共建国家加强绿色人才培养，实施“绿色丝路使者计划”，已为120多个共建国家培训3000人次。制定实施《“一带一路”绿色投资原则》，推动“一带一路”绿色投资。中国企业在共建国家投资建设了一批可再生能源项目，帮助共建国家建设了一批清洁能源重点工程，为所在国绿色发展提供了有力支撑。?
Building a green Belt and Road: China is committed to working with other countries on promoting green development under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), making it a green initiative. In order to establish a cooperation mechanism for green and low-carbon development under the BRI, China has signed an MoU with the United Nations Environment Programme on building a green Belt and Road, and reached more than 50 cooperation agreements on eco-environmental conservation with relevant countries and international organizations.?It has also launched the Initiative for Belt and Road Partnership on Green Development with 31 countries, established the Belt and Road Energy Partnership (BREP) with 32 countries, led the creation of the Belt and Road Initiative International Green Development Coalition (BRIGC), founded the BRI Green Development Institute, and launched the BRI Environmental Big Data Platform. China has helped other participants in the BRI to build up their environmental governance capacity and improve their people's well-being. It also helps these countries in training personnel for green development, having trained 3,000 people from more than 120 countries under the Green Silk Road Envoys Program.?China formulated the Green Investment Principles for the Belt and Road to encourage such investments in related regions. Concurrently, Chinese enterprises have funded renewable energy projects in other BRI countries, and helped them build a number of major clean energy facilities. All these efforts have boosted green development in these countries.?
- 近年来中国在“一带一路”沿线国家和地区可再生能源项目投资额呈持续增长态势，积极帮助有需要的国家和地区推广应用先进绿色能源技术，为高质量共建绿色“一带一路”贡献了中国智慧和中国力量。?
In recent years, China’s investment in renewable energy projects in countries and regions participating in the Belt and Road has shown a steady increase. China has actively helped countries and regions in need to promote and apply advanced green energy technologies, and contributed Chinese wisdom and strength to high-quality and green Belt and Road cooperation.?
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绿色债券 / green bond?
WP quote:
- 大力发展绿色金融，形成绿色信贷、绿色债券、绿色保险、绿色基金、绿色信托等多层次绿色金融产品和市场体系。?
In order to boost green finance, China has developed a multi-level market and a portfolio of green financial products, such as green credit, green bonds, green insurance, green funds, and green trust.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 截至2021年末，中国本外币绿色信贷余额15.9万亿元，绿色债券存量余额超过1.1万亿元，规模均居全球前列。?
At the end of 2021 China's green loan balance in RMB and foreign currencies stood at RMB15.9 trillion, and its outstanding green bonds at RMB1.1 trillion, both ranking among the largest in the world.?
- 大力发展绿色信贷，完善绿色债券配套政策，发布相关支持项目目录，有效引导社会资本支持应对气候变化。?
It [China] has encouraged the development of green credit mechanisms, improved supporting policies for green bonds, and published a catalog of related supporting projects, effectively guiding private capital in addressing climate change.?
- 截至2020年末，中国绿色贷款余额11.95万亿元，其中清洁能源贷款余额为3.2万亿元，绿色债券市场累计发行约1.2万亿元，存量规模达8000亿元，位于世界第二。?
As of the end of 2020, China’s balance of green loans amounted to RMB11.95 trillion, of which the clean energy loan balance was RMB3.2 trillion. China has issued a total of about RMB1.2 trillion of green bonds, with roughly RMB800 billion outstanding, making it the world’s second-biggest green bond market.?
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绿色转型 / green transition; green transformation?
WP quote:
- 中共十八大以来，在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指引下，中国坚持绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，坚定不移走生态优先、绿色发展之路，促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型，建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化，创造了举世瞩目的生态奇迹和绿色发展奇迹，美丽中国建设迈出重大步伐。?
Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China has firmly upheld the belief that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. It has prioritized eco-environmental conservation and green development, promoted the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and achieved modernization based on harmony between humanity and nature. Wonders have been accomplished in eco-environmental protection and green development, and great strides have been made in building a beautiful China.?
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Previous PRC history of the term:
- 加快行业产业绿色转型。贯彻新发展理念，坚持保护优先、绿色发展，推动经济社会发展全面绿色转型，促进经济发展与生态环境保护相协调，减少对生物多样性的压力。加快建立健全绿色低碳循环发展经济体系，优化产业结构，提高资源利用效率和清洁生产水平，提升绿色产业比重，加快一二三产业和基础设施绿色转型和升级。?
Accelerating the green transformation of all sectors and industries. Upholding the new development philosophy, China pursues green development with the priority given to eco-environmental conservation. Efforts have been made to promote the green transformation of all sectors and industries in social and economic development, to balance economic development with eco-environmental protection, and to reduce the pressure on biodiversity. China is moving faster in building an economic structure that facilitates green, low-carbon and circular development, aiming to improve industrial structure, raise the efficiency of resource utilization, promote cleaner production, increase the proportion of green industries, and accelerate the green transformation and upgrading of primary, secondary and tertiary industries and their infrastructure.?
- 我们要准确理解可持续发展理念，坚持以人民为中心，协调好经济增长、民生保障、节能减排，在经济发展中促进绿色转型、在绿色转型中实现更大发展。?
We need to gain an accurate understanding of what sustainable development means, put the people first, and strike a balance between economic growth, ensuring people's well-being, and energy conservation and emissions reduction. This will enable us to catalyze green transition in the course of economic development and achieve greater development through green transition.?
- 要顺应当代科技革命和产业变革大方向，抓住绿色转型带来的巨大发展机遇，以创新为驱动，大力推进经济、能源、产业结构转型升级，让良好生态环境成为全球经济社会可持续发展的支撑。?
Much to the contrary, we need to ride the trend of technological revolution and industrial transformation, seize the enormous opportunity in green transition, and let the power of innovation drive us to upgrade our economic, energy and industrial structures, and make sure that a sound environment is there to buttress sustainable economic and social development worldwide.?
- 加快发展方式绿色转型，协同推进经济高质量发展和生态环境高水平保护，单位国内生产总值能耗和二氧化碳排放分别降低13.5%、18%。?
We will expedite the transition of China’s growth model to one of green development, and promote both high-quality economic growth and high-standard environmental protection. Energy consumption per unit of GDP and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be reduced by 13.5 percent and 18 percent, respectively.?
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