TYPES OF APPROACHES
K. Sunil Gavaskar ???? ?
Senior Flight Operations Controller | Flight Dispatch & OCC Specialist | Aviation Operations Expert
What Is Approach?
In aviation, an approach refers to the phase of flight where an aircraft transitions from cruising altitude to landing. This phase involves descending and aligning with the runway for a safe landing. There are various types of approaches, each with specific procedures and requirements to ensure safety and precision.
Approaches can be broadly categorized into two types:
1. Precision Approaches: These provide both lateral (horizontal) and vertical guidance to the runway. Examples include the Instrument Landing System (ILS) and Microwave Landing System (MLS).
2. Non-Precision Approaches: These provide only lateral guidance. Examples include VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range), NDB (Non-Directional Beacon), and RNAV (Area Navigation) approaches.
Each type of approach is designed to help pilots navigate and land safely, especially in poor weather conditions or low visibility.
Types of approaches?
There are several types of approaches that pilots can use to land an aircraft. These approaches
A. Precision Approaches:
1. ILS (Instrument Landing System): Provides both lateral and vertical guidance.
2. MLS (Microwave Landing System): Similar to ILS but uses microwave signals.
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3. PAR (Precision Approach Radar): Uses radar to provide precise guidance.
B. Non-Precision Approaches:
1. VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range): Provides lateral guidance using VOR stations.
2. NDB (Non-Directional Beacon): Uses NDB stations for lateral guidance.
3. RNAV (Area Navigation): Uses GPS or other navigation aids for lateral guidance.
4. LOC (Localizer): Part of the ILS system but only provides lateral guidance.
5. SDF (Simplified Directional Facility): Similar to LOC but with a wider beam.
6. LDA (Localizer Type Directional Aid): Similar to LOC but not aligned with the runway.
Other Approaches
1. Visual Approach: Conducted visually without relying on instruments.
2. Circling Approach: Used when the final approach course is not aligned with the runway.
Each type of approach has its own procedures and requirements, and pilots are trained to use them based on the specific conditions and equipment available at the airport.