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?????????????? 1: ???????????????????? ???? ????????????????

The book predictably irrational, the hidden forces that shape our decisions, explains that we're all biased. We systematically make decisions based on irrelevant information.

Everything is relative, even when it should not be. The person selling the products can manipulate us into making the decision that he wants us to make. For example, a seller can make us buy certain product by presenting an additional less attractive product.

The experiment was done on the author's students. He offered students different subscription options to the economists. When given the choice between two options the students overwhelmingly chose the cheaper option one. Then he added a third option at the same price as the more expensive option too but with less attractive terms this caused the students to compare the two and in the end they chose option two.

?????????????? 1:

Option 1 - Internet Subscription = $59

Option 2 - Print and Internet Subscription = $125

In this example, students chose Option 1.

?????????????? 2:

Option 1 - Internet Subscription = $59

Option 2 - Print Subscription = $125

Option 3 - Print and Internet Subscription = $125

In this example 2, he added a decoy which is "Print Subscription". In this example. Students chose Option 3 which has both print and internet subscription. In other words, making the students compare the two more expensive options caused them to buy the best of the two even though there were each more expensive than option 1.

?????????????? 8: ?????????????? ?????????? ????????

Keeping doors open will push your goals further and will lead to failure.

??????????????:

Author's friend is majoring in education. She was telling him that she is wondering whether to be teacher for nursery or an elementary school. The fact that she hasn't chosen means she will spend more time and money taking classes so that she will qualify for both age. Thus instead of being a teacher, she will stay as a student. Her indecision is keeping her away from her goal.