Is Tradition A Footprint of Culture ?2020 ISBN978-976-96512-7-2

Is Tradition A Footprint of Culture ?2020 ISBN978-976-96512-7-2

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Is Tradition A Footprint of Culture ?2020 ISBN978-976-96512-7-2

I acquired an intellectual appetite in the pursuance of a phrase I had posited“Is Tradition A Footprint Of Culture? 2020” as I engaged my deductive and inductive skills regarding this question I wondered whether these concepts were inextricably linked? And If the answer was yes presumably the word ‘tradition’ procedurally is likely to evoke different responses from different people regardless of their ethnicity or the geographical cultural location, be it in the sphere of education, society, religion, politics, art, dress, music or manners. Conceivably these two constructs juxtaposed against each other creates space for a scholarly discourse.Given the implicit nature of the footprint of “Traditionit seems to be about changelessness” a view espoused by William Deller. Such thinking sets the tone, and tenor for this scholarly discourse,“antecedently the same is supposed or proved as a basis of my argument or inference”according to Merriam Webster and it also places this for scholarly analysis in context. "If my premise is true, then the conclusion must be true" premise of my thesis since Culture and Tradition are the hypothesis which is contextualised within the precincts on whether “Tradition Is A Footprint Of Culture” and as a phrase presumably are inextricably linked? then the word ‘tradition’ is likely to evoke different responses from different people regardless of their ethnicity cultural or geographical status , be it in the sphere of education, society, religion, politics, art, dress, music or manners. 

Historically, A petrosomatoglyph is a supposed image of parts of a human or animal body in rock. They occur all over the world, often functioning as an important form of symbolism, used in religious and secular ceremonies, such as the crowning of kings. Some are regarded as artefacts linked to saints or culture heroes.Footprints are the impressions or images left behind by a person walking or running. Hoofprints and pawprints are those left by animals with hooves or paws rather than feet, while "shoeprints" is the specific term for prints made by shoes. They may either be indentations in the ground or something placed onto the surface that was stuck to the bottom of the foot. A "trackway" is set of footprints in soft earth left by a life-form; animal tracks are the footprints, hoofprints, or pawprints of an animal. Not to mentioned Traditions are a subject of study in several academic fields in social sciences—chiefly anthropology, archaeology, and biology—with somewhat different meanings in different fields. It is also used in varying contexts in other fields, such as history, psychology and sociology. Social scientists and others have worked to refine the commonsense concept of tradition is to make it into a useful concept for scholarly analysis. In the 1970s and 1980s, Edward Shils explored the concept in detail. Since then, a wide variety of social scientists have criticized traditional ideas about tradition; meanwhile, "tradition" has come into usage in biology as applied to nonhuman animals. Tradition as a concept variously defined in different disciplines should not be confused with various traditions (perspectives, approaches) in those disciplines.

Tradition is one of the key concepts in anthropology; it can be said that anthropology is the study of "tradition in traditional societies". There is however no "theory of tradition", as for most anthropologists the need to discuss what tradition is seems unnecessary, as defining tradition is both unnecessary (everyone can be expected to know what it is) and unimportant (as small differences in definition would be just technical).There are however dissenting views; scholars such as Pascal Boyer argue that defining tradition and developing theories about it are important to the discipline. 

Richard Handler,; Jocelyn Innekin (1984). under the caption "Tradition, Genuine or Spurious". Journal of American Folklore. In archaeology, the term tradition is a set of cultures or industries which appear to develop on from one another over a period of time. The term is especially common in the study of American archaeology. According to Fragaszy and Perry Biologists, when examining groups of non-humans, have observed repeated behaviours which are taught within communities from one generation to the next. Tradition is defined in biology as "a behavioural practice that is relatively enduring (i.e., is performed repeatedly over a period of time), that is shared among two or more members of a group, that depends in part on socially aided learning for its generation in new practitioners", and has been called a precursor to "culture" in the anthropological sense.

According to Andrew Whiten,; Antoine Spiteri; Victoria Horner; Kristin E. Bonnie; Susan P. Lambeth; Steven J. Schapiro; Frans B.M. de Waal Behavioural traditions have been observed in groups of fish, birds, and mammals. Groups of orangutans and chimpanzees, in particular, may display large numbers of behavioural traditions, and in chimpanzees, transfer of traditional behaviour from one group to another (not just within a group) has been observed. Such behavioural traditions may have evolutionary significance, allowing adaptation at a faster rate than genetic change. According to Duckles, Vincent. "Musicology". Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Retrieved 6 October 2011. In the field of musicology and ethnomusicology tradition refers to the belief systems, repertoire, techniques, style and culture that is passed down through subsequent generations. Tradition in music suggests a historical context with which one can perceive distinguishable patterns. Along with a sense of history, traditions have a fluidity that cause them to evolve and adapt over time. While both musicology and ethnomusicology are defined by being 'the scholarly study of music' they differ in their methodology and subject of research. 'Tradition, or traditions, can be presented as a context in which to study the work of a specific composer or as a part of a wide-ranging historical perspective.’ According to Langlois, S. (2001). "Traditions: Social". International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. pp. 15829–15833. doi:10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/02028-3. ISBN 9780080430768.The concept of tradition, in early sociological research (around the turn of the 19th and 20th century), referred to that of the traditional society, as contrasted by the more modern industrial society.

At this juncture Anthony Giddens and others, makes the assertion that the modern meaning of tradition evolved during the Enlightenment period, in opposition to modernity and progress.As with many other generic terms, there are many definitions of tradition. The concept includes a number of interrelated ideas; the unifying one is that tradition refers to beliefs, objects or customs performed or believed in the past, originating in it, transmitted through time by being taught by one generation to the next, and are performed or believed in the present. Philip Greiner under the caption Culture and Society espoused the view An invention describes (the process of creating) something novel that has never been made before. A tradition on the other hand is a belief or behaviour passed down within society over generations, with origins in the past. You think this sounds like a paradox? Well, you couldn’t be more wrong. 

Franksonnenbergonline.comblog under the caption 7-reasons-why-traditions-are-so-important Traditions represent a critical piece of our culture. They help form the structure and foundation of our families and our society. They remind us that we are part of a history that defines our past, shapes who we are today and who we are likely to become. Verbalising this process during the textual analysis this methodology involved understanding language, symbols, and/or pictures presented in this text to gain information regarding how people make sense of whether “culture” and “tradition” as a phrase are inextricably linked? is communicated in life through life experiences. This text Is Tradition A Footprint Of Culture becomes metaphoric, a visual, written, and spoken message which provides cues to ways through which this communication may be understood. 

Etymonline.com definition of tradition (n.)late 14c., "statement, belief, or practice handed down from generation to generation," especially "belief or practice based on Mosaic law," from Old French tradicion "transmission, presentation, handing over" (late 13c.) and directly from Latin traditionem (nominative traditio) "delivery, surrender, a handing down, a giving up," noun of action from past-participle stem of tradere "deliver, hand over," from trans- "over" (see trans-) + dare "to give" (from PIE root *do- "to give"). The word is a doublet of treason (q.v.). Meaning "a long-established custom" is from 1590s. The notion is of customs, ways, beliefs, doctrines, etc. "handed down" from one generation to the next. 

Tradition history or tradition criticism is a methodology of biblical criticism that situates a text within a stream of a specific tradition in history and attempts to describe the development of the tradition over the course of time. Tradition criticism was developed by Hermann Gunkel. 

Tradition history/criticism is a sister discipline of form criticism—also associated with Gunkel, who used the results of source and form criticism to develop the history of tradition interpretation. Form criticism and tradition criticism thus overlap, though the former is more narrow in focus. Tradition history is connected with secular folklore studies, especially Axel Olrik's analysis of Scandinavian folklore and the "laws" which he established concerning the nature of such folklore. Tradition history seeks to analyze biblical literature in terms of the process by which biblical traditions passed from stage to stage into their final form, especially how they passed from oral tradition to written form. The stories in the Bible were then analyzed on the basis of these “laws”. According to wikipedia.org Customary law is a recognized source of law within jurisdictions of the civil law tradition, where it may be subordinate to both statutes and regulations.Tradition history forces interpreters to consider the possibility that some texts may have had an oral prehistory. It also notes that past traditions were retold and used for a present purpose; that it was made real, vital, or relevant for each successive generation. Now that I have juxtaposed Culture against Tradition I have discovered that Culture according to difference.guru is A body of knowledge comprising language, art, clothing and traditions.Tradition is A set of rituals practiced by a group of people.Culture Defines human behaviour in a specific space.Tradition Dictates human behaviour on a specific occasion.Culture Defines the character of the people raised with specific cultural beliefs.Tradition Can be practiced or not practiced by individuals.Culture Is seen as a whole. Tradition Is more related to a specific event.Culture is a complex concept that incorporates the combination of a people’s beliefs, knowledge and traditions. 

Traditional society has often been contrasted with modern industrial society, with figures like Durkheim and Pierre Bourdieu stressing such polarities as community vs. society or mechanical vs. organic solidarity; while Claude Lévi-Strauss saw traditional societies as 'cold' societies in that they refused to allow the historical process to define their social sense of legitimacy.Within modernisation theory, traditional society is also the first stage of economic development as established in W.W. Rostow's Economic Growth Model. Classified as "pre-newtonian," science and tech. Traditional societies have been seen as characterised by powerful collective memories sanctioned by ritual, and with social guardians ensuring continuity of communal practices.Practice theory however has recently emphasised the role of ritual in facilitating change, as well as continuity.a view espoused by Hall, p. 78

Fredric Jameson saw the 20th century modernisation as encountering two main kinds of traditional society, tribal, as in Africa, and bureaucratic imperial, as in China and India,but a much wider diversity of traditional societies has existed over time a view espoused by M. Hardt/K. Weeks eds., The Jameson Reader (2005) p. 319.The invention of farming some 10,000 years ago led to the development of agrarian societies, whether nomadic or peasant, the latter in particular almost always dominated by a strong sense of traditionalism according toMax Weber, The Sociology of Religion (1971) p. 81. E. Le Roy Ladurie, Montaillou (1980) p. 283 and p. 356 believed that Medieval Europe was an intensely local society of self-perpetuating peasant households, while R. W. Southern , The Making of the Middle Ages (1993) p. 74-5 believed that living within a slow moving culture dominated by customary law and by respect for ancient authorityand pervaded with an ahistorical political mentality focused upon the concepts of experience, usage, and law-as-custom. according to J. H. Hexter, On Historians (1979) p. 269-71

Traditional education, also known as back-to-basics, conventional education or customary education, refers to long-established customs that society traditionally used in schools. Some forms of education reform promote the adoption of progressive education practices, a more holistic approach which focuses on individual students' needs and self-control. In the eyes of reformers, traditional teacher-centered methods focused on rote learning and memorization must be abandoned in favour of student-centered and task-based approaches to learning.

The definition of traditional education varies greatly with geography and by historical period according to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_educationThe chief business of traditional education is to transmit to a next generation those skills, facts, and standards of moral and social conduct that adults consider to be necessary for the next generation's material and social success. a view espoused by Dewey, John (1938). Experience and education. Kappa Delta Pi. pp. 1–5. ISBN 978-0-912099-35-4.

As beneficiaries of this plan, which educational progressivist John Dewey described as being "imposed from above and from outside", the students are expected to docilely and obediently receive and believe these fixed answers. Teachers are the instruments by which this knowledge is communicated and these standards of behaviour are enforced.With whole language, in which children learn words as wholes, the child is exposed to rich, relevant language that can heighten motivation to read. Learning to read is assumed to be as natural. While advocates of traditional education overwhelmingly favour phonics, and the whole language approach is associated with progressive education, many advocates of progressive education favour phonics and phonemic awareness as the empirically superior method. according to wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_education

In Traditional mathematics emphasis is on memorization of basic facts such as the multiplication table and mastering step-by-step arithmetic algorithms by studying examples and much practice. One correct answer is sought, using one "standard" method. Mathematics after elementary grades is tracked with different students covering different levels of material. Mathematics is taught as its own discipline without emphasis on social, political or global issues. There may be some emphasis on practical applications in science and technology. Curriculum de-emphasizes procedural knowledge drills in favor of technology (calculators, computers) and an emphasis on conceptual understanding.A custom (also called a tradition) is a common way of doing things. It is something that many people do, and have done for a long time. Usually, the people come from the same country, culture, or religion..wikipedia.org/wiki/CustomModern rationalism derives from Descartes' search for 'clear and distinct ideas. ' This philosophical tradition has generated a variety of social doctrines. Rationalism refers to a philosophical tradition deriving from Plato which takes logic and reason as the means to generate timeless truths. The contrast is with empiricism, the view that knowledge is based on experience. according to sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/philosophical-tradition.The term “western philosophy” refers to the philosophical tradition that began in ancient Greece with the pre-Socratic philosophers and, later, with Socrates. ... It is what is generally meant by “philosophy” at most western universities, though many include the study of eastern traditions. according to philosophy-index.com/traditions/western.Traditional art (countable and uncountable, plural traditional arts) Art that is a part of the culture of a group of people, skills and knowledge of which are passed down through generations from master craftsmen to apprentices. Art produced with real physical media, as opposed to digital art. Coordinate term: digital art Folk art covers all forms of visual art made in the context of folk culture. Definitions vary, but generally the objects have practical utility of some kind, rather than being exclusively decorative. The makers of folk art are normally trained within a popular tradition, rather than in the fine art tradition of the culture. There is often overlap, or contested ground, with inexperienced art, but in traditional societies where ethnographic art is still made, that term is normally used instead of "folk art”.Tangible folk art includes objects which historically are crafted and used within a traditional community. Intangible folk arts include such forms as music, dance and narrative structures. These vital and constantly reinvigorated artistic traditions are shaped by values and standards of excellence that are passed from generation to generation, most often within family and community, through demonstration, conversation, and practice.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_art

Folklore is the expressive body of culture shared by a particular group of people; it encompasses the traditions common to that culture, subculture or group. These include oral traditions such as tales, proverbs and jokes. They include material culture, ranging from traditional building styles to handmade toys common to the group. Folklore also includes customary lore, the forms and rituals of celebrations such as Christmas and weddings, folk dances and initiation rites. Folklore is not something one can typically gain in a formal school curriculum or study in the fine arts. Instead, these traditions are passed along informally from one individual to another either through verbal instruction or demonstration according to wikipedia.org/wiki/Folklore. Richard M Dorson In the context of Verbal tradition A German folk tale, Hansel and Gretel; illustration by Arthur Rackham, 1909 The formal definition of verbal lore is words, both written and oral, that are "spoken, sung, voiced forms of traditional utterance that show repetitive patterns." Crucial here are the repetitive patterns. Verbal lore is not just any conversation, but words and phrases conforming to a traditional configuration recognized by both the speaker and the audience. For narrative types by definition have consistent structure, and follow an existing model in their narrative form. It is what defines a group of people living in a certain area of the globe or people who share a type of heritage. 

Tradition consists in the passing down of beliefs and practices from one generation to the next. For example The Fiddler On The Roof is a metaphor for survival in a life of uncertainty, precarious as a fiddler on a roof "trying to scratch out a pleasant simple tune without breaking his neck." The fiddler also represents that tradition that Tevye sings of in the opening number. The traditions that Tevye is trying to hold onto. The story centers on Tevye, the father of five daughters, and his attempts to maintain his Jewish religious and cultural traditions as outside influences encroach upon the family's lives. He must cope both with the strong-willed actions of his three older daughters, who wish to marry for love – each one's choice of a husband moves further away from the customs of their Jewish faith and heritage – and with the edict of the Tsar that evicts the Jews from their village.wikipedia.org/wiki/. Fiddler_on_the_Roof…It refers to everything from what they eat, who they pray to, how they dance, what type of music they make, their social habits, their superstitions and their set of values.

In some cases, the behaviour of members within certain cultural groups can be predicted, depending on how closely that person sticks to cultural patterns. However, a rough generalization of this theory leads to the creation of stereotypes.It can be practiced and passed down between two people (personal tradition), within a small group (family tradition), within a community (town tradition) or within an entire society (country tradition). Global media such as the Internet have been seen as effective means of recreating traditional cultures. However, a key contrast now with traditional societies as they were is that participation has become voluntary instead of being ascriptive: fixed in space, social stratification and role expectations. a view espoused byPeter Worsley ed., The New Modern Sociology Readings (1991) p. 317Traditions can be very punctual or they can dictate the way people behave on an occasion. For example, it can be a tradition to greet people in a certain way on the morning of a national holiday. On the other hand, traditions can also dictate what to wear, what to do and what to eat on a religious holiday. according to difference.guru. The main difference between culture or tradition is that culture is the ideas, duties, and social behaviour of a particular generation, whereas tradition is the transmission of particular customs and beliefs from one generation to another.according to www.difference.wiki/. Tradition would describe a belief or behaviouraccording to www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/difference-between-culture-and-tradition/ Difference between.net summarises culture as much broader term encompasses tradition, as well as other things. Simply put, traditions are a part of culture.

In summary after I had juxtaposed culture against tradition the posited phrase “Is Tradition A Footprint Of Culture? 2020” the data I unearthed corroborate the fact that these concepts are inextricably linked? and they do evoke different responses from different people who occupy various cultural geographical space in the sphere of education, society, religion, politics, art, dress, music or manners.The main difference between the doctrine of the footprint of tradition and culture is that culture is the ideas, duties, and social behaviour of a particular generation, whereas tradition is the transmission of particular customs and beliefs from one generation to another.The posited phrase “Is Tradition A Footprint Of Culture? 2020” engaged my deductive and inductive skills. Whether these concepts were inextricably linked or not did not conflate the issue but rather underscored the word ‘tradition’ that procedurally would evoke different responses from different people regardless of their ethnicity or the geographical cultural location, be it in the sphere of education, society, religion, politics, art, dress, music or manners. Conceivably when these two constructs are juxtaposed against each other they create space for a scholarly discourse This text Is Tradition A Footprint Of Culture becomes metaphoric, a visual, written, and spoken message which provides cues to ways through which this communication may be understood and is captured in 25 chapters, and verbalised in Eight hundred and sixt-two pages in ISBN 978-976-96512-7-2

William Anderson Gittens

Author, Cinematographer,Dip., Com., Arts. B.A. Media Arts Specialists’ Editor-in-Chief Devgro Media Arts Services Publishing?2015 License Cultural Practitioner, Publisher, Student of Film, CEO Devgro Media Arts Services?2015

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