Tractor repair and maintenance

一. The tractor should pay attention to the problem when repairing

1. Maintenance of newly purchased tractors. Farmers think that new tractors do not require maintenance and inspection, and will not cause any problems. Most farmers think so. In fact, for newly purchased machines, you must carefully read the instructions and do Regular inspection and maintenance can ensure that there is no problem with the fuselage, and only extend the service life of the machine.

2. Lubricants cannot be selected according to the season. Many agricultural machinery operators do not pay attention to the selection of lubricating according to the season. Summer lubricating oil is used in winter, and winter lubricating oil is used in summer. Regardless of the quality, buy it cheaply. As a result, the locomotive has difficulty in starting and burning. It is hoped that agricultural machinery operators will choose lubricants for quality testing and temperature labeling.

3. Provide clean and sufficient air, oil, and water. Dirty air will aggravate the wear of cylinder liners and pistons. Dirty diesel will cause insufficient fuel supply pressure, incomplete combustion, and reduce engine power. Dirty engine oil may cause oil passages in severe cases Blockages, engine burns, and other accidents. Unclean cooling water will increase the scale in the cooling system and cause serious wear on the fuselage. In addition, if the supply of gas, oil, and water is insufficient, it will cause difficulty in starting the engine, black smoke, and reduced power. 、 Severe wear of machine parts and other phenomena.

4. The piston cannot be installed and heated with an open flame. The thickness of each part of the piston is uneven, the thermal expansion and contraction are different, and it is easy to cause deformation.If the piston is heated with an open flame to reach a certain high temperature, the metal structure will be damaged and the wear resistance will be reduced. The service life will be greatly shortened.

5. Lubricant cannot be changed without cleaning the oil passage. After the lubricating oil is used, there are many mechanical impurities in the oil. Even if the lubricant is exhausted, there are still impurities in the oil pan and the oil circuit. Especially for new or overhauled locomotives After the trial operation, there are more impurities.If it is not cleaned, it is eager to be put into use, it is easy to cause accidents such as burning tiles and holding shafts.

6. The throttle cannot be placed in the maximum fuel supply position. Some agricultural machinery hands are used to placing the throttle in the maximum fuel supply position, which causes too much fuel to be injected into the cylinder and the mixture is too rich, which is difficult to start. The positioning is: when the temperature is above 15 degrees, it is slightly higher than the idling speed: when the temperature is below 15 degrees, the crankshaft should be idling for a few revolutions. When you feel relaxed, start with a small throttle. In addition, avoid thumping the throttle to avoid speed. Suddenly high and low, uneven mixing of fuel and air, causing carbon deposits in the cylinder and other parts, or causing unexpected failures such as bending of the connecting rod and broken crankshaft.

7. "Can't open the water tank", then add cold water suddenly. Most tractor drivers know that the engine is overloaded, the water tank lacks water, and the heat dissipation will make the water tank open. If you add cold water suddenly, the temperature change will be too large, which will cause the cylinder head And the cylinder body burst. "Therefore, once the tractor driver finds that the water tank is boiling", emergency measures should be taken to ensure that the engine cools and the water cools down by itself.

二. Tractor repair and maintenance technology

1. Clutch slippage failure. When the clutch slippage occurs, first find out what the problem is. If the friction plate and pressure plate are stained with oil, they should be cleaned with kerosene: if the friction plate has been excessively worn, you need to replace the friction plate: slippage also It may be because the pressure of the disc spring is reduced, and it needs to be replaced at this time: if the free stroke of the pedal is too short or there is no free stroke, the pedal needs to be adjusted again according to the requirements to increase the free stroke: the clutch disc is also deformed It may cause the clutch to slip, and the driven disc needs to be replaced at this time.

2. Jitter failure when starting. Loose screws fixing the flywheel and clutch housing may cause the tractor to shake when starting. For this situation, the vehicle should be stopped in time to check and fix the screws to eliminate the failure: the jitter may also be due to the three separate lever ends If it is not in the same plane, it should be adjusted according to the requirements at this time: In order to avoid jitter, the friction plate and driven disc should also be checked for oil or deformation, and the corresponding treatment should be carried out after the inspection.

3. Heavy steering. When the oil supply of the gear oil pump is insufficient, a heavy steering situation will occur, so you should check whether the gear oil pump is normal, whether the filter in the fuel tank is blocked, and clean it in time: also check whether there is air in the steering system and the suction pipe If it should be ruled out: insufficient elasticity of the spring grate of the safety valve or an unsealed steel ball may also cause heavy steering. The safety valve should be cleaned in time and the spring force of the safety valve spring should be adjusted: In addition, pay attention to the oil level of the fuel tank and avoid the steering fuel tank If the oil level is insufficient, clean and replace other related parts in time.

4. Sudden insufficient fuel supply failure. Insufficient fuel supply during tractor operation, exhausted air after replacing plunger and fuel injection nozzle is still not effective, that is, the small steel ball in the injection needle jack of the fuel injector is abraded to cause fuel injection It cannot be caused by atomization.At this time, a small steel ball should be replaced.If there is no bicycle flywheel steel ball, it can be replaced.

5. Free-shifting failure after shifting. During tractor operation, the free-shifting phenomenon occurs after shifting, mainly due to the fork shaft groove wear, the fork spring becomes weak, and the gap of the connecting rod joint is too large. At this time, the repair positioning groove should be used. 1.Replace the fork spring, reduce the gap of the connecting rod joint, and ensure the normal speed change after the gear is in place.

6. Steering wheel shaking, front wheel swing head failure. Steering wheel shaking and front wheel shaking head phenomenon, mainly caused by improper positioning of the front wheel and too small backtilt angle of the kingpin. In the absence of instrument detection, try to The rear end of the front axle support plane is plugged with a wedge-shaped iron sheet to turn the front axle backward, and then increase the back tilt angle of the main pin, and it will return to normal after the trial operation.

7. High-pressure fuel pipe wear and oil leakage failure. The protruding ends of the high-pressure fuel pipe of the tractor are connected to the fuel injector and the oil outlet valve, and the oil leakage phenomenon occurs, and a circular copper skin can be cut from the waste cylinder gasket, and a small hole is worn in the middle. , Pad between the convex pits can solve the urgent need.

8. Diesel engine burns oil with blue smoke failure. Diesel engine burns oil with blue smoke. In addition to checking whether the cylinder liner piston group is worn, whether the piston ring elasticity is weakened, whether the oil sump is excessively added, whether the air filter oil level is too high, etc. If the problem is not solved, you should pay attention to check whether the gap between the valve stem and the valve catheter is too large as a potential cause.