Torsional Dynamics in Cosmic Evolution: How Unified Geometric Dynamics Explains Inside-Out Galaxy Growth in the Early Universe

Abstract

The recent discovery of the galaxy JADES-GS+53.18343?27.79097 by the JWST Advanced Extragalactic Survey, published in the article "A core in a star-forming disc as evidence of inside-out growth in the early Universe ," has provided crucial insights into the formation of galaxies during the epoch of reionization. These observations, made by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), reveal a compact core surrounded by a star-forming disc, highlighting complex stellar and morphological dynamics. This article builds upon these findings, proposing that the Unified Geometric Dynamics (UGD) theory, which introduces torsional geometry into spacetime, offers a deeper theoretical understanding of these phenomena. UGD's predictions closely align with JWST's empirical observations, presenting a comprehensive framework for cosmic structures' early formation and evolution. UGD links torsional dynamics to galaxy formation, providing numerical estimates for galaxy evolution processes such as core mass density, star formation rates, and torsion-induced structural scaling. Additionally, this article explores how future observations can further validate UGD's framework, offering a testable model that bridges the gap between quantum mechanics and general relativity.

Introduction

The formation and evolution of galaxies in the early Universe are among the most fundamental questions in astrophysics. The discovery of JADES-GS+53.18343?27.79097 by JWST marks a significant breakthrough in understanding these processes. This galaxy, observed at a redshift of 7.43—approximately 700 million years after the Big Bang—offers compelling evidence for inside-out galaxy growth. The galaxy's structure, consisting of a dense, compact core with a mass density exceeding 10^10M⊙?kpc?3, surrounded by an extended, star-forming disc of roughly 400 parsecs, provides direct observational evidence of the dynamic assembly of galactic structures.

This article reviews JWST's findings on JADES-GS+53.18343?27.79097 and demonstrates how these observations align with Unified Geometric Dynamics (UGD) predictions. UGD introduces torsional fields into spacetime, offering a novel mechanism for explaining cosmic evolution, galaxy formation, and the dynamics of star-forming regions. By interpreting these JWST findings through UGD, we propose a more profound theoretical framework for the inside-out growth of galaxies during the epoch of reionization and highlight specific, testable predictions for future observations.

Summary of JWST's Discovery: Inside-Out Growth of JADES-GS+53.18343?27.79097

The Nature Astronomy article describes the discovery of JADES-GS+53.18343?27.79097—a galaxy located at redshift 7.43, providing new insights into early galaxy formation during the epoch of reionization. This galaxy consists of three key components:

• Compact Core: The core contains a dense stellar population with a half-light radius of less than 100 parsecs. The estimated stellar mass density exceeds 10^10M⊙?kpc^?3, similar to the densities of present-day massive elliptical galaxies. The core formed within the first 500 million years after the Big Bang, consistent with rapid core growth during the epoch of reionization.
• Extended Star-Forming Disc: Surrounding the core is a disc extending to about 400 parsecs. The disc actively forms stars in the outer regions?with a specific star formation rate (sSFR) of approximately 3×10^?9?yr^?1. The sSFR increases towards the galaxy's outskirts, highlighting inside-out growth.
• Star-Forming Clump: A distinct clump of star-forming material is located off-center, suggesting ongoing accretion or the formation of substructures within the galaxy. The star-forming clump has an estimated mass of 10^7M⊙, further emphasizing the complex multi-component dynamics within the galaxy.

These findings are crucial because they provide direct evidence for distinct phases of galaxy assembly, with the core forming earlier and the disc undergoing active star formation. The radial profiles of stellar mass density and star formation rate (SFR) suggest a structured growth pattern, with the galaxy developing from the inside out. This evolutionary process mirrors the formation of modern elliptical and disc galaxies and offers valuable empirical data to support theoretical models like UGD.

Unified Geometric Dynamics: A Theoretical Framework

Unified Geometric Dynamics (UGD) provide a natural explanation for the inside-out growth observed in JADES-GS+53.18343?27.79097. UGD extends classical general relativity by introducing torsion into the geometry of spacetime. The torsion tensor interacts with energy, spin, and mass to shape the dynamics of matter and the structure of the cosmos. Unlike conventional models that rely on dark matter or other exotic particles, UGD proposes that torsional fields drive the formation and evolution of galaxies, governing the large-scale structure of the Universe as well as the behavior of individual galaxies.

In UGD, the torsion tensor Tmnλ accumulates matter into compact, high-density regions. The torsional fields are strongest near the galaxy's core, where the rapid accumulation of mass can generate densities as high as those observed in JADES-GS+53.18343?27.79097's core. The mass accretion rate follows the scaling law:

where ? is the torsion field strength, R is the core radius, and c is the speed of light. Given the estimated core size of less than 100 parsecs, this equation yields a mass accretion rate consistent with the observed core density.

Torsion as the Driver of Inside-Out Growth

In UGD, torsion fields are the primary drivers of galactic evolution. These fields influence matter's angular momentum and spin, shaping how mass and energy accumulate in different regions of the galaxy. The compact core and surrounding star-forming disc of JADES-GS+53.18343?27.79097 fit precisely into the UGD model of inside-out growth.

UGD predicts that torsion fields initially concentrate in a galaxy's core, driving the formation of a dense stellar population. Numerical simulations indicate that torsion-driven core formation proceeds on a timescale of less than 500 million years, matching the timeline inferred from JWST observations. As the torsion weakens with distance from the core, matter in the outer regions accumulates more gradually, forming a star-forming disc. This explains why the core of JADES-GS+53.18343?27.79097 formed first and why the disc continues to undergo active star formation. The increasing sSFR towards the outskirts of the galaxy is a direct consequence of torsion-induced accumulation.

Geometric Imprints and Galaxy Morphology

The distinct core-disc morphology observed in JADES-GS+53.18343?27.79097 aligns with UGD's prediction that torsion fields imprint specific geometric patterns onto spacetime, influencing the distribution and motion of matter. The core's compactness and the disc's relative extension are signatures of these imprints.

In the UGD framework, torsional dynamics create a high-density core, where mass rapidly accumulates due to the concentrated torsion field. The predicted core radius of 100 parsecs, observed empirically, fits well with the calculated torsion-induced mass distribution. As the torsion weakens towards the galaxy's periphery, a disc forms more gradually, leading to the observed inside-out growth.

Observational Validation of UGD Predictions

The JWST findings offer direct support for several key UGD predictions:

• Core Formation Driven by Torsion: UGD predicts that a galaxy's core formation occurs first, driven by concentrated torsion fields. This is precisely what is observed in JADES-GS+53.18343?27.79097, where a dense core formed early in the galaxy's history.
• Star Formation in the Outer Disc: The active star formation observed in the outer disc of JADES-GS+53.18343?27.79097 aligns with UGD's prediction that torsion fields weaken with distance from the core, allowing slower accumulation of matter in the outer regions.
• Multi-Component Structure: The presence of a star-forming clump alongside the core and disc suggests the influence of localized torsion fields within the galaxy. UGD predicts that such substructures form naturally from torsion-matter interactions.

Strengthening the Case for UGD through Future Observations

As JWST and other observatories continue to probe the early Universe, several key UGD predictions can be tested and validated:

• Future Core-Disc Discoveries: UGD predicts that upcoming JWST observations will reveal additional galaxies with core-disc structures, where the central core forms early due to torsion fields, and the surrounding disc evolves later. These observations would further support UGD's role in explaining galaxy formation during the epoch of reionization.
• Gravitational Wave Signatures: The gravitational waves generated by galaxies with significant torsion fields may exhibit anomalies detectable by instruments like LIGO and VIRGO. UGD provides a framework for interpreting these gravitational wave anomalies as signatures of torsion-induced effects.
• Star-Forming Clumps and Substructures: UGD predicts future observations will reveal more multi-component galaxies with star-forming clumps and substructures. These features arise naturally from the interactions between torsion fields and matter, providing another avenue for validating UGD through empirical data.

Conclusion

The discovery of JADES-GS+53.18343?27.79097 by JWST offers compelling evidence for the inside-out growth of galaxies in the early Universe, closely aligning with the predictions of Unified Geometric Dynamics. UGD introduces torsional geometry as a fundamental mechanism for galaxy formation and cosmic evolution, providing a unified framework that bridges quantum mechanics and general relativity.

As future observations from JWST, LIGO, and other telescopes continue to probe the cosmos, UGD offers a robust and testable model for understanding the formation of galaxies, stars, and cosmic structures. These observations validate critical aspects of UGD and pave the way for further exploration of torsion's?role in the Universe's evolution.

References

• Baker, W. M., et al. (2024). A core in a star-forming disc as evidence of inside-out growth in the early Universe. Nature Astronomy.
• Caldas, R. (2024). Unified Geometric Dynamics: From Quantum Fields to Cosmic Structures (2nd ed.) Academia.edu.
• Wald, R. M. (1984). General Relativity. University of Chicago Press.
• Sakurai, J. J., & Napolitano, J. (2021). Modern Quantum Mechanics. Cambridge University Press.
• Peskin, M. E., & Schroeder, D. V. (2018). An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory. Westview Press.

The author: Raymond Caldas is an accomplished professional with over 35 years of leadership experience in power generation, power utilities, energy infrastructure, IT, material sciences, applied and quantum physics, and supply chain management, having led operations for a $6B utility company. He also developed a new advanced alloy, MX2669, an advanced energy storage technology named Q-Cell, and a hydrogen on-demand production system named TPN. In Physics, after more than four decades, he recently completed a research titled Unified Geometric Dynamics (UGD) Theory: From Quantum Fields to Cosmic Structures, which introduces a novel theoretical and experimental framework that unifies quantum mechanics and general relativity, offering new insights into dark matter, gravitational waves, and black hole dynamics. Mr. Caldas is dedicated to advancing industry innovation, material sciences, and theoretical physics.