Top 7 Python Features Every Python Developer Should Know
Table of Contents
Introduction
Introduction
Python has gained a lot of focus in the past few years and the reason for that is the salient features offered by python. It supports object-oriented programming, procedural programming approaches, and provides dynamic memory allocation. Let’s explore them!
Easy and Fun
Python is a high-level language, and easy to learn with good readability when compared to other programming languages. One can learn Python basics in less time because of its developer-friendly environment.
Right from the readability to the syntaxes python is easy, because of its syntax similar to English we can understand the code up to an extent without any prior knowledge of python. Also, python syntax is very simple and short which is one of a unique feature.
Open Source and OOP
Python is free and anyone can download it from their official website. Since it is open-sourced we can get the source code. It also supports object-oriented programming along with the concepts of classes, inheritance, encapsulation.
class OOP:
????def __init__(self, name): #constructor
????????self.name = name?
????def fun(self): #member function
print(‘from constructor,‘, self.name)
class Inherit(OOP): #inheritance in python
????def fun(self):?
????????print(“function in inherited class“)
p=OOP(‘hey there‘)?
p.fun() #prints “from constructor, hey there”?
p1=Inherit()
p1.fun() #prints “function in inherited class” ?
The above snippet shows the OOP concepts in python.
A class in python is declared using the “class” keyword and unlike in java constructor is not called with the class name instead, it is called with __init__(). And the inheritance is performed by just mentioning the parent class in the parentheses of the child class.
GUI Programming and Extensibility
Python also supports Graphical User Interface programming with modules like Tk, PyQt4, PyQt5, etc. One of the fun features in Python allows you to write some of the Python codes in other languages like c++/java which is known as the extensibility feature. It is also a platform-independent language like java, where we can run the same code on all platforms.
from tkinter import *
master = Tk()
var1 = IntVar()
Checkbutton(master, text='type1', variable=var1).grid(row=0, sticky=W)
var2 = IntVar()
Checkbutton(master, text='type2', variable=var2).grid(row=1, sticky=W)
mainloop()
Above snippet is a basic example of GUI programming in python
Output:
Tkinter is one of a useful library for GUI programming in python.
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Embeddable
In the previous feature extensible we came to know that other language codes can be used in python. And now, there is something called Embeddable which allows us to put python code in other languages source code like c++. Now, this is an interesting feature that enables the users/developers to harmonize scripting capabilities in other language source codes.
Library Support and Dynamically Typed
Python has a wide range of library support which is one of the reasons for a spotlight on python in the data science domain. Libraries like matplotlib, seaborn, NumPy, TensorFlow, Pandas, etc are a few of the main libraries for data science in python.
One of the beautiful features of python is it is a dynamically typed language, where we don’t need to specify the type of a variable at the time of declaring it. Which makes it stand out of all other programming languages.
n=987
print(n)
n=“hello“
print(n)6
Here the variable ‘n’ is initialized without specifying the data type and later the same variable is used for storing a variable, this is known as the dynamically typed feature and the print statement is as simple as “print()” unlike other programming languages.
Built-In Data Structures
Python contains a fair number of built-in data structures like lists that are equivalent to arrays, dictionaries to store key-value pairs, tuples to create immutable arrays. It also has predefined availability of stack and queue in the collections library.
list1=[1,2,3,4
list2=["hello","world","python","list"]
tuple1=(‘a‘,‘b‘,‘c‘,‘d‘)
tuple2=(9,8,7,6)
dictionary={"key1":"value1","key2":"value2","key3":"value3"}
print(dictionary) #prints {“key1″:”value1″,”key2″:”value2″,”key3″:”value3”}]
The above snippet demonstrates data structures in python.
Lists in python are mutable and can contain entries of different data types which is a unique feature and it also has some predefined methods like sum(), len(), min(), max(), etc. Tuples are a unique data structure in python which are immutable and has all the methods which are supported by lists.
And finally, dictionaries are used to maintain entries of the type key-value pairs, where the datatype of keys and values need not be the same which is an excellent feature in python. Dictionaries also have predefined methods like values(), keys(), etc.
Interpreted Language
Languages like c/c++/java need the code to be compiled before the execution, which internally converts the main code into machine-level code also known as byte code. But in python, there is no need for compiling the code before running.
Meaning that Python has no need to perform gymnastics like connecting to other libraries or packages for compiling.
Sequential execution is the method followed by Python while execution, which is why it is said to have an Interpreted feature and a developer-friendly environment. But the line-by-line execution makes it a little slow when compared to java/c++. However, it can be ignored before the features and library support provided by Python.
Conclusion
We have seen some of the salient features, libraries offered in python. Also, we have discussed what made python stand out from other languages. So cheers all you now is learning python is simple and essential, start exploring, and have fun with the features of python.
It would worth every second of your hour if you go for the extra mile for the language which has features like object orientation, extensibility, embeddable, Interpreting, readable, portable, and of course easy.