The Geography optional is one of the most popular choices among UPSC aspirants due to its scientific nature, overlap with General Studies papers, and the availability of abundant study material. To help you excel in this subject, we present a comprehensive guide by Akshay Sanjay Gurubhaiye, the best Geography faculty at Plutus IAS, who has cleared the IFoS PCS Interview in 2018.
Why Choose Geography as an Optional?
1. Overlap with General Studies
Geography has a significant overlap with the General Studies syllabus, particularly in GS Paper I (Physical and Human Geography), GS Paper II (Geopolitical Issues), and GS Paper III (Environmental Issues). This reduces the additional study load for aspirants.
2. Scoring Potential
Geography is considered a high-scoring subject because of its scientific approach and the availability of numerous maps, diagrams, and data that can be effectively used to enhance answers.
3. Availability of Resources
There is a wealth of resources available for Geography, including books, online lectures, notes, and coaching material, making it easier for students to find quality study material.
4. Interest and Background
Many aspirants find Geography interesting and logical, making it easier to understand and retain concepts. Additionally, candidates with a background in science or engineering may find it easier to grasp the technical aspects of the subject.
Syllabus Overview
The Geography syllabus for UPSC is divided into two papers:
- Paper I: Physical Geography
- Paper II: Human Geography
Detailed Study Plan
Paper I: Physical Geography
1. Geomorphology
- Key Topics: Origin and evolution of the Earth's crust, Plate Tectonics, Volcanism, Earthquakes, Weathering, Erosion, Mass Wasting, Landforms, etc.
- Books and Resources: "Physical Geography" by Savindra Singh, "Geomorphology" by Savindra Singh, "Fundamentals of Physical Geography" by Goh Cheng Leong.
- Tips:Understand the basic concepts and mechanisms of geomorphic processes.Use diagrams extensively to explain landforms and processes.Study case studies of specific landforms and geomorphic processes.
2. Climatology
- Key Topics: Atmosphere, Temperature, Pressure and Winds, Monsoons, Cyclones, Climate Change, etc.
- Books and Resources: "Climatology" by D.S. Lal, "Climatology" by Savindra Singh.
- Tips:Focus on understanding the dynamics of the atmosphere and climatic phenomena.Use maps and diagrams to illustrate climatic patterns and processes.Keep up-to-date with current climate change issues and policies.
3. Oceanography
- Key Topics: Ocean Bottom Relief, Temperature and Salinity, Ocean Currents, Tides, Marine Resources, etc.
- Books and Resources: "Oceanography" by Savindra Singh.
- Tips:Understand the physical and chemical properties of ocean water.Study the major ocean currents and their impacts on global climate.Use diagrams to explain oceanic processes and features.
4. Biogeography
- Key Topics: Concepts of Ecosystem, Biomes, Biodiversity, Conservation, etc.
- Books and Resources: "Environmental Geography" by Savindra Singh, "Fundamentals of Biogeography" by Richard John Huggett.
- Tips:Focus on the interrelationships between living organisms and their environments.Understand the distribution and characteristics of major biomes.Stay informed about biodiversity conservation efforts and policies.
5. Environmental Geography
- Key Topics: Environmental Degradation, Sustainable Development, Environmental Policies, etc.
- Books and Resources: "Environmental Geography" by Savindra Singh.
- Tips:Understand the causes and consequences of environmental degradation.Study sustainable development principles and practices.Keep abreast of current environmental policies and initiatives.
Paper II: Human Geography
1. Perspectives in Human Geography
- Key Topics: Human Geography: Nature and Scope, Approaches to Human Geography, etc.
- Books and Resources: "Models in Geography" by Majid Hussain, "Geography of India" by Majid Hussain.
- Tips:Understand different perspectives and approaches in human geography.Study the evolution of geographical thought and key geographical theories.
2. Economic Geography
- Key Topics: Agriculture, Industry, Trade, Transport and Communication, etc.
- Books and Resources: "Economic Geography" by Hartshorn and Alexander, "Geography of India" by Majid Hussain.
- Tips:Focus on the distribution and dynamics of economic activities.Understand the role of geography in economic development.Use maps and diagrams to illustrate economic patterns and processes.
3. Population and Settlement Geography
- Key Topics: Population Dynamics, Migration, Urbanization, etc.
- Books and Resources: "Geography of Population" by R.C. Chandna, "Urban Geography" by Tim Hall.
- Tips:Study population theories and models.Understand the patterns and processes of migration and urbanization.Use statistical data and maps to support your answers.
4. Regional Planning
- Key Topics: Concept of Region, Regional Development, Planning for Sustainable Development, etc.
- Books and Resources: "Regional Planning and Development" by R.P. Misra, "Regional Development and Planning in India" by Mahesh Chand and V.K. Puri.
- Tips:Understand the concepts and methods of regional planning.Study regional development policies and programs.Use case studies to illustrate regional planning practices.
5. Models, Theories, and Laws in Human Geography
- Key Topics: Central Place Theory, Christaller, Von Thunen's Model, etc.
- Books and Resources: "Models in Geography" by Majid Hussain.
- Tips:Understand the key models, theories, and laws in human geography.Study the applications and limitations of these models.Use diagrams to explain models and theories.
Answer Writing Tips
1. Structure Your Answers
- Introduction: Define the key terms and concepts.
- Body: Use headings and subheadings to organize your answer. Use diagrams, maps, and data to support your points.
- Conclusion: Summarize your main points and provide a balanced view.
2. Use Diagrams and Maps
- Diagrams and maps can enhance the clarity and effectiveness of your answers. Practice drawing neat and labeled diagrams.
- Use maps to illustrate geographical patterns and processes.
3. Stay Updated
- Keep yourself updated with current geographical issues and developments. This will help you incorporate relevant examples and case studies in your answers.
4. Practice Previous Year Questions
- Solve previous year question papers to understand the pattern and type of questions asked. This will help you in time management and in identifying important topics.
5. Focus on Presentation
- Neat and well-presented answers can make a positive impression on the examiner. Use bullet points, headings, and subheadings to enhance readability.
Recommended Books and Resources
For Paper I
- "Physical Geography" by Savindra Singh
- "Geomorphology" by Savindra Singh
- "Fundamentals of Physical Geography" by Goh Cheng Leong
- "Climatology" by D.S. Lal
- "Climatology" by Savindra Singh
- "Oceanography" by Savindra Singh
- "Environmental Geography" by Savindra Singh
- "Fundamentals of Biogeography" by Richard John Huggett
For Paper II
- "Models in Geography" by Majid Hussain
- "Geography of India" by Majid Hussain
- "Economic Geography" by Hartshorn and Alexander
- "Geography of Population" by R.C. Chandna
- "Urban Geography" by Tim Hall
- "Regional Planning and Development" by R.P. Misra
- "Regional Development and Planning in India" by Mahesh Chand and V.K. Puri
Conclusion
Scoring high in the Geography optional for UPSC requires a strategic approach, a thorough understanding of concepts, effective use of diagrams and maps, and staying updated with current geographical issues. By following the tips and tricks provided by Akshay Sanjay Gurubhaiye, the best Geography faculty at Plutus IAS, you can maximize your chances of success in this subject.
Remember, consistent effort, regular practice, and a positive mindset are key to excelling in the UPSC examination. All the best!
