Time Line of Albert Einstein's Life

1879

Born to Hermann Einstein (a featherbed salesman) and his wife Pauline in Ulm, Germany.

1884

Receives his first compass around this time, inspiring a lifelong quest to investigate mysteries of the natural world.

1889

Settles into a program of self-education at age 10 and begins reading as much about science as he can.

1894

Stays on in Munich to finish the school year after his parents move to Pavia, Italy. Lasts only one term on his own and then follows his family to Italy.

1895

Attempts to skip high school by taking an entrance exam to the Swiss Polytechnic, a top technical university, but fails the arts portion. His family sends him to the Swiss town of Aarau to finish high school.

1896

Graduates from high school at age 17 and enrolls at the ETH (the Federal Polytechnic School) in Zurich.

1898

Falls in love with Mileva Maric, a Serbian classmate at the ETH.

1900

Graduates from the ETH.

1901

Becomes a Swiss citizen and, unemployed, searches for work. Meets Maric in northern Italy for a tryst, and she becomes pregnant. In the fall, he finds work in Schaffhausen, Switzerland as a tutor. Maric, visibly pregnant, moves to Stein am Rhein, three miles upriver. She then returns to her parents' home to give birth to her child. Einstein moves to Bern.

1902

In January, Maric gives birth to their daughter, Lieserl, whom they eventually put up for adoption. Lieserl reportedly becomes ill, and then all record of her disappears. Einstein takes a job at the Swiss Patent Office. Hermann Einstein becomes ill and dies.

1903

Marries Maric in January.

1904

Maric gives birth to their first son, Hans Albert.

1905

Publishes, at age 26, five groundbreaking papers, making this his "annus mirabilis," or miracle year. One of the papers introduces his special theory of relativity and another E = mc squared.

1906

Continues working as an examiner at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern.

1907

Begins applying the laws of gravity to his special theory of relativity.

1910

Son Eduard is born.

1911

Moves with his family to Prague, where he is given a full professorship at the German University there. Attends the invitation-only Solvay Conference in Brussels, the first world physics conference; he is the youngest physicist there.

1912

Moves with his family to Zurich, where he becomes a professor of theoretical physics at the ETH.

1913

Works on his new theory of gravity.

1914

Becomes director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin and professor of theoretical physics at the University of Berlin. Maric and the children move there in April, but they return to Zurich after three months. Divorce proceedings begin. In August, World War I begins.

1915

Completes the general theory of relativity.

1917

Collapses from exhaustion and falls seriously ill. Nursed back to health by his cousin Elsa L?wenthal. Publishes his first paper on cosmology.

1919

Marries L?wenthal. On May 29, a solar eclipse provides proof of the general theory of relativity.

1922

Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1921.

1927

Attends fifth Solvay Conference and begins developing the foundation of quantum mechanics with Niels Bohr.

1928

Begins pursuing his idea of a unified field theory.

1932

As a Jew, begins to feel the heat of Nazi Germany. Now, at 53, at the height of his fame.

1933

Sets sail with L?wenthal for the United States. Settles with her in Princeton, New Jersey, where he assumes a post at the Institute for Advanced Study.

1936

L?wenthal dies after a brief illness.

1939

Writes a famous letter to President Franklin Roosevelt not long after the start of World War II that warns of the possibility of Germany's building an atomic bomb and urges nuclear research.

1940

Becomes an American citizen (retains his Swiss citizenship).

1949

Ex-wife Maric dies.

1955

Dies of heart failure on April 18.