Time for Australia to Follow Suit: The Need to Ban CIPC
Wilson Fernandez

Time for Australia to Follow Suit: The Need to Ban CIPC

As someone who has physically witnessed the poor administration and maintenance of Chlorpropham (CIPC) at a workplace in Victoria, I am compelled to advocate for its ban in Australia. The lack of proper handling and enforcement of safety protocols raises significant concerns about the health risks posed to both workers and consumers. This firsthand experience underscores the urgency for Australia to align with global standards and ban CIPC to ensure food safety and protect public health.

What is Chlorpropham (CIPC)?

  • Structural formula:

CIPC Structure

  • CAS no: 101-21-3
  • Chemical name: Isopropyl (3-chlorophenyl) carbamate

CIPC is commonly called Chlorpropham

Chlorpropham (Isopropyl 3-chlorophenyl carbamate) is a selective, systemic herbicide and plant growth regulator belonging to the N-phenylcarbamate group of pesticides.

Chlorpropham is a carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of 3-chlorophenylcarbamic acid. It has a role as an herbicide and a plant growth retardant. It is a carbamate ester, a member of benzenes and a member of monochlorobenzenes. (PubChem – Chlorpropham; Description )

In Australia, Chlorpropham was registered for the control of annual grasses and some broadleaf weeds in various food and non-food crops, and as a sprouting inhibitor in potatoes [Australian approved Chlorpropham (APVMA PubCRIS database)]

Chlorpropham?products come?in?three forms: emulsifiable concentrates, liquids and dusts (Chlorpropham - PubChem )

Chlorpropham – BACKGROUND & HISTORY

CIPC is also another name for Chlorpropham

  • CIPC is in use since 1951 (over 70+ years)

  • Excellent sprout inhibitor of potatoes

  • Usually applied as postharvest fogging treatment

  • Widely used in USA, Canada, Australia, Asia, Africa…

  • Banned from use in Europe and UK since 2019

Commercial name of one of the products sold in Australia – An example

Global Moves to Ban CIPC

Europe and the UK:

In Europe, the decision to ban CIPC came into effect in January 2020, with a transition period ending in October 2020. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) highlighted the risks associated with CIPC residues, leading to a drastic reduction in the MRL to 0.01 mg/kg, effectively the limit of detection (Farmers Weekly ) (Farmers Weekly ) (FreshPlaza ).

How Rest of the World Sees It

More countries are taking notice as the European Union and the UK led the way in banning Chlorpropham (CIPC) starting in 2020, aligning with the EU's decision due to significant health concerns, including potential carcinogenic effects and endocrine disruption. The European Union required member states to withdraw authorisations for CIPC by January 8, 2020, with a grace period expiring on October 8, 2020. A few countries are planning to follow a similar approach to ensure food safety and protect consumer health (Spud Smart ) (Fruit Growers News ) (Potato Business ).

The reduction in CIPC use aligns with broader regulatory changes aimed at enhancing food safety. However, specific details on a complete ban similar to the EU's comprehensive restrictions are not as clear in other regions (ChemLinked ) (Japan Food Chemical Research Foundation ).

Comparisons with Australia:

Australia's current MRL for CIPC is 10 mg/kg, much higher than the limits set by Europe, and UK. This raises concerns about the potential health impacts on Australian consumers. The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) has not yet moved to align its regulations with these international standards, despite growing awareness and pressure (Spud Smart ) (PotatoLink ).

Health Concerns and Environmental Impact

Chlorpropham is a known herbicide and plant growth regulator used to prevent sprouting in stored potatoes. However, research has indicated potential carcinogenic effects and endocrine disruption, prompting bans in several countries. These health concerns are significant enough to warrant a re-evaluation of its safety and usage in Australia. Residue of CIPC is noticed not only in the stored potatoes but also in the processed potato products.

Why Australia Should Act?

1.?????? Consumer Health:

  • Aligning with global standards would ensure better protection for Australian consumers from the potential risks associated with CIPC residues.
  • Toxicity: CIPC has been linked to potential carcinogenic effects, endocrine disruption, and other health issues. Lowering the MRL could reduce the risk of these adverse health effects.
  • Consumer Safety: Aligning with stricter standards, like those in Europe and United Kingdom (MRL - 0.01 mg/kg), can help ensure that the food supply is safer for consumers.

Studies have indicated that CIPC exposure can be associated with several health risks. It is considered a potential carcinogen, with animal studies showing the development of liver and thyroid tumours upon exposure to high levels of CIPC (Farmers Weekly ) (GovDelivery ). Additionally, CIPC is an endocrine disruptor, meaning it can interfere with hormonal systems, potentially leading to reproductive and developmental issues (Farmers Weekly ). Prolonged exposure to CIPC has also been linked to liver and kidney damage in animal studies, raising concerns about its long-term impact on these organs in humans. Acute exposure can cause skin and eye irritation and respiratory issues if inhaled (Farmers Weekly ) (GovDelivery ).

2.????? Export Potential:

Stricter standards would enhance Australia's ability to export potatoes to markets like Europe and UK, who have banned CIPC. Currently, high residue levels hinder these opportunities (Potatoes Australia ).

3.????? Environmental Responsibility:

Banning CIPC would also contribute to reducing environmental contamination, aligning with broader global efforts to minimise the impact of hazardous chemicals on ecosystems.

A study also indicates that CIPC residues stay for a long time on various surfaces of the storage area .

Evidence of CIPC in concrete floor
Evidence of Pesticides Residues in Animals

Reference: feeding potato processing wastes and culls to cattle

4.???? Public Trust:

Taking proactive steps to ban CIPC would reinforce public trust in Australia's food safety regulations and demonstrate a commitment to aligning with international best practices.

5.???? Other Source Information:

NOTE: Chlorpropham is a selective, systemic herbicide and plant growth regulator. It is registered for use in Australia for the control of pre-emergent and/or post-emergent weeds in ornamental bulbs, onions, garlic and turf and as a sprouting inhibitor in potatoes. [Source Reference: APVMA - Chlorpropham ]

Moving Forward

Australia should consider following the lead of Europe, and UK by banning CIPC and significantly lowering the MRL for potatoes. This would involve:

  • Conducting thorough risk assessments to confirm the health impacts of CIPC.
  • Engaging with stakeholders, including farmers and food producers, to manage the transition.
  • Exploring and promoting safer alternatives to CIPC for sprout inhibition, such as ethylene gas, spearmint oil, or 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene (1,4-DMN).

By taking these steps, Australia can ensure the safety of its food supply, protect public health, and maintain its reputation as a global leader in food safety standards.

The Call for Action at the World Potato Congress 2024

The World Potato Congress 2024 , being held in Adelaide, Australia, brings together representatives from around the globe. There is hope that Australia will take the lead in banning CIPC and implement effective and safe measures for the benefit of all consumers and the environment. Isn't it fascinating how our smallest actions can ripple out and could create significant changes in the world around us? Something to think about and support. Thank you!

World Potato Congress 2024 - Adelaide, Australia

For more information and resources, visit:

Disclaimer:

The information provided in this document is for general informational purposes only. While I strive to keep the information up-to-date and correct, I make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, or availability with respect to the content. Any reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your own risk. I do not endorse or recommend continued use of any specific chemicals or practices mentioned, especially those that may be harmful to health or the environment. Users are strongly advised to comply with all local, national, and international regulations governing the use and disposal of such substances. I disclaim any liability for any damages or loss arising from the use of this information.

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