Thinking Big About How Technology Can Amplify Evil

I am a strong proponent of thinking big about leveraging technology as a force for good. I’ve even gone so far as to show that exponential advances in core technology drivers can enable us to address numerous societal challenges, such as in climate change, healthcare, and trust, and thereby “invent the world we can proudly leave to our kids by 2050.”

But, as Marvin Minsky, the cognitive scientist and cofounder of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, used to say, “You don’t really understand something if you only understand it one way.”?

This is especially important to remember if you’re trying?to understand the potential of technology, one of the most powerful amplifiers for human endeavors in history. Quite simply, not all those technology-enabled human endeavors were good. Technology for good is too often outmatched by its potential to empower evil.??

Russia's invasion of Ukraine are a too-vivid reminder of this. Advances in computing, communications, energy, and transportation, for example, are enabling precision-guided and sometimes autonomous weapons with ever more devastating capability. Digital and social media is enabling fake news and propaganda that is stoking the war. Cyber warfare is now a make-or-break battlefield, with enormous consequences on the physical frontlines and critical infrastructure and supply chains. While military applications of technology are not inherently evil, it's safe to say that both sides in every war consider their enemies to be evil and doing evil.

Some evils are inherently evil, however. To reinforce this point, I’m reprising an interview I did a while back with Mike Dover, who wrote a smart, gripping, and thoroughly depressing book on how the Internet’s capacity for good is matched only by its capacity to empower evil.?

In?Dante’s Infinite Monkeys: Technology Meets the 7 Deadly Sins, Dover writes about how “the Internet, and technology in general, have provided new ways for wrath, lust, gluttony, sloth, pride, envy, and greed to insert themselves into our lives.” He dives deeply into the worst of humanity that technology can serve up—and the implications for consumers, inventors, innovators, and policy makers.

Chunka Mui:?Why write a book about evil?

Mike Dover:?I’ve spent a significant part of my career working at a think tank that mostly studied the impact of technology on business and society. Generally, our sponsors were interested in how they could leverage technology to improve profits or in the case of governments how to improve life for citizens. While our clients were interested in dangers and pitfalls, most of what we produced focused on the positives. This project gave me some balance and license to really dig into the dark stuff.

Mui:?Your book offers compelling evidence that bad actors are harnessing technology to commit every deadly sin. From a personal standpoint, what dangers that could directly affect you and your loved ones worry you the most?

Dover:?Greed will directly impact regular people in the developed world. The division between rich and poor will grow as more jobs get automated. Even with a guaranteed minimum income, a society with a small trillionaire elite and a massive underclass will be devastating to our idea of society. In the case that a guaranteed income, emboldened by laboratory created protein, inexpensive 3-D printed goods and rich immersive entertainment made life carefree, many people in our society require a vocation to feel useful.

Mui:?What do you do to safeguard yourselves against those dangers?

Dover:?A combination of things: Look for work that is less susceptible to robot replacement and constantly retrain and reinvent yourself. Also, build parts of your identity that are not reliant on your profession. Write poetry, even if it is bad poetry.

Mui:?You write that technological change can alter ethics and morality. Give us examples of things that we might consider “evil” today but acceptable in the future.

Dover:?I point out in the book (although I am far from the first person to address it) that sexuality drives technological innovation. Beta was a better format than VHS but the latter thrived because it embraced pornography. Same deal with video steaming, online payments, etc. Sex with robots enhanced with AI and customized pharmaceuticals will be viewed as recreation rather than perversion.

Mui:?Some evils, however, are inherently evil. From a long-term, societal standpoint, what keeps you up at night?

Dover:?Wrath—not as manifested through online bullying (although that certainly is troubling) but via technology-infused warfare. Biological weaponry at a molecular level can be incredibly devastating and does not require the resources of a superpower to develop. At the same time, using robots and AI as soldiers will have a huge ethical and philosophical impact.

Mui:?Is there anything individuals can do against these broad threats, other than hunker down and hope that it doesn’t happen?

Dover: I touch on that in the final paragraph of each chapter, but some threats are easier to address than others. Certainly, people should realize that Wikileaks and its ilk can publish everything you type and criminals will become more sophisticated at stealing from you. You need to more critical and more careful.

Mui:?How should inventors of new technologies and applications think about the potential evil uses of their inventions?

Dover:?Absolutely they should, although sometimes curiosity and human innovation can turn benign inventions evil. If a terrorist loaded up twenty drones with plastic explosives and flew them into a packed football stadium at least some of them would detonate causing massive injury and loss of life. It’s hard to blame that on people who develop drone technology.

Mui:?How should companies that can choose to commercialize such technologies, or not, think about the ethical implications of their business decisions?

Dover:?Technology producers should operate ethically. As much as possible, they should think of safety and safeguards and work with authorities (where that makes sense) to address bad actors.

Mui:?What is the proper trade-off between forestalling evil before it is enabled versus, potentially, stifling innovation?

Dover:?This is tricky because there is no trade-off that is acceptable to everyone and the concept of evil (and certainly content standards) varies widely across jurisdictions. What is considered obscene by one culture is laughably innocuous in another.

Mui:?What is the role of policy makers and regulators?

Dover:?Two ways that policy makers can improve is to move faster and include a greater breadth of voices. If it takes a year to write legislation about mobile surveillance or the chemical composition of bath salts, then it will be obsolete before it can be enacted. And, please…if a Supreme Court justice has never used email, have his or her grandchild give a tutorial before ruling on online privacy.

Mui:?Can you offer any hopeful parting thoughts?

Dover:?Even in the face of evil, we can still be good. Technology offers great benefits and knowing about evil can help us combat it.

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Your Turn, Dear Readers:

How do you think about combating evil enabled by technology advances? How would you address the trade-offs between forestalling evil, at the cost of, potentially, stifling innovation?

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Chunka Mui is a futurist, speaker, and innovation advisor who helps organizations make the world better for both current stakeholders and future generations. He is the best-selling author of five books on strategy and innovation including, most recently, A Brief History of a Perfect Future: Inventing the World We Can Proudly Leave Our Kids by 2050.