Testing Cyber-Physical Resiliency on a Microgrid

Introduction

SAFEGUARDING SMART GRID SYSTEMS

Microgrids, small-scale power networks, operate independently or with the main grid but face security risks due to online connectivity. Attacks on communication and control systems managing Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) like solar panels and batteries are increasing, posing threats like power outages and equipment damage. Enhanced security measures, including specialized software and simulation of cyberattacks, are vital for protection.

The Problem

MICROGRID CONTROLLERS UNDER ATTACK

HIL simulation expertise aids in fortifying microgrid controllers against cyber threats. The lab’s upgraded facilities enable real-time simulations essential for testing relay protection systems and inverter-based DER control.

Configuration

The lab’s multi-vendor environment, centered on IEC 61850, facilitates the integration of devices for controller development and validation. Ongoing research focuses on aIl-enabled algorithms for microgrid controllers.

Simulation of Cyberattacks

Two scenarios highlight the impact of cyberattacks on microgrid operation: delaytype and packet modification attacks. These simulations aid in understanding vulnerabilities and developing defense strategies.

Scenario #2: The So-Called “Man In The Middle” Attack

With Scenario #2, we experience islanded microgrid subject to “packet modification”- type cyberattack:

• Load 2 measurements are manipulated before they are received by the MGCC.
• MGCC periodically trips and reconnects Load 3 since it is programmed to shed the priority Load 3 if the mismatch between generation and load exceeds 3 MW.
• Figure shows the microgrid suffering from a decline in power quality, including high frequency and voltage oscillations.

Cyber-Physical Systems Lab

A collaborative project between University of Vaasa and Lule University aims to enhance CPS security in the energy sector. Leveraging expertise from both universities, the project creates a simulation-based environment for testing cybersecurity measures.

Conclusion

Thorough testing of microgrid controllers is essential for ensuring network security and reliability. Testing should cover functionality, interoperability, and resilience against cyber threats, ultimately maximizing the benefits of microgrids while minimizing risks.

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