TERRORISM AS GLOBAL PHENOMENON AND METHODS TO HANDLE IN A SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO INDIA
AIM:-
TO UNDERSTAND THE TERRORISM AS GLOBAL PHENOMENON AND METHOD TO HANDLE IN SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO INDIA.
INTRODUCTION:-The threat of terrorism has been boomering over many counties in the present international scenario. The face of terrorism is constantly changing and has increased in scale and scope to horrifying level. It is no more a phenomenon of developing countries and has become global in nature. The thrill of terrorism generally generates high intensity shock waves which usually pass down the terminal point of our spine.
Aspect of changing trends replaced conventional warfare. Territorial integrity, political independence, fundamental political institutions and cultural values are the targets of terrorism. What India termed as state sponsored terrorism is called global terrorism after 9/11 attack. It is the fourth generation war where nation fight non-national organization.
DEFINITION:-Terror actually comes from the Latin Word terrere means Phobes or “Fear” ‘ism’ denotes its systematic character
“The Unlawful Use of Force Against Persons or Property to Intimidate or Coerce a Government, the Civilian Population, or Segment Thereof, in the Furtherance of Political or Social Objectives.”(FBI)
Terror is a state of mind while terrorism refers to organized social activity.
AN ACT OF AGGRESSION OR THREAT OF AN ACT OF TACTICAL VIOLENCE BY A GROUP OF TRAINED INDIVIDUALS, HAVING INTERNATIONAL LINKAGE TO ACHIEVE POLITICAL OBJECTIVE.
Oxford dictionary:- ‘Systematic intimidation as a method of governing political or other ends , Definition based on socio- economic and political conditions.Every definition though correct in its own perspective, lacks some important aspects of terrorism.
MOTIVES/OBJECTIVES:-
Causing fear within a targeted audience
Disrupting normal life
Damaging infrastructure
Undermining confidence in government
Recognition
Coercion
Provocation
ADVANTAGES:-
Inexpensive compared to the efforts required to suppress it
Requires little training or equipment
Appeals to the heroic model of conflict; recruiting is relatively easy in distressed communities
Sometimes generates good media coverage
Makes conventional political movements look moderate in comparison
FORMS OF TERRORISM:-
Individual Terrorism: - It is the act of violence carried out by an individual for purely personal gains. Robbery, rape, murder, kidnapping falls under this category
Group Terrorism: - It is the act of violence carried out by a group against the society or another group with the aim of gaining advantage politically, socially, economically or religiously.
Political Terrorism: - It is resorted by an ideology group against the other who believes that by eliminating ideological adversaries the will be able to advance their cause and win popular support. North east, Kashmir, nexalites, maoist fall under this category.
State Terrorism: own people. Ex. Libia, Iran, Pakistan, and some Arab states. - It is used by a dominant power to gain and maintain public control. It is mostly employed by monarchial or totalitarian regimes against their
International Terrorism: - It involves the commission of act of violence by the citizen of another country or involves the territory of another country. Ex – Bombing of the world trade center on 11sept 2001 by Al-Qaeda.
Cyber Terrorism: - It involves the use of computer in act of violence. Such act includes the disruption of services, attacks on infrastructure including the defense system and placing cyber bomb in selected information system.
Nuclear Terrorism: - It is the form of terrorism in which radio-active materials are used as weapon of mass destruction.
Bio- Chemical Terrorism: - It is the form of terrorism in which Biological and chemical agents are used as weapon of mass destruction.
Narcotic Terrorism: - It is an extreme form of terrorism by organized crime sending narcotics across the international border.
Religious Terrorism: - It is the form of terrorism in which religious motivations are transformed into act of violence. Ex. Taliban, Al-qaeda.
GLOBAL PHENOMENON:-
INTERNATIONAL TERRORISTS OUTFIT
SRILANKA - LTTE **
PALESTINE - HAMAS, PALESTINEAN ISLAMIC JIHAD (PIJ)
LEBANON: - Syrian Socialist Nationalist Party (SSNP) **,
Hizbullah (Party of God),Amal
INDIA/PAK: - LET, Jeish-e-Mohammad ,Hizbul Mujaheddin
EGYPT: - Gama-el-Islamia, Egyptian Islamic Jehad
AFGHANISTAN: - Al Qaida, Taliban
CHECHENIA: - Chechen Guerilla Army**
JAPAN: - AUM Shivinko(Use sarin gas)
KUWAIT: - El-Dawa (Shiite org)
TURKEY: - Khurdistan workers party
** Have women suicide squads also
MEASURSES OF COMBATING TERRRORISM:-
Strong administrative measures.
? All organs of state should function at their optimum of efficiency.
? All state functionaries are made accountable.
? Morality and neutrality to be re- emphasized in administration.
? Screening to weed out anti national elements in administration.Separation of terrorists from general public and no excesses be committed on innocent masses.
? Normalizing the civil-police relation.
? Quick redressal of public grievances.
? Psychological and Sociological inputs.
? Extra ordinary administrative and legislative measures.
? Positive role of MEDIA.
? Eradication of corruption.
? Sophisticated weapons to police and para-military forces and creation of anti terrorist forces.
? Intelligence coordination.
? Integrated counter terrorist strategy and proper coordination.
? Special employment drive, Development boost and revival of literary cultural forums.
? Involvement of security forces in relief works.
? Comprehensive assessment of problems, Arriving of national consensus, Formation of political aims and adopting firm policy.
CONCLUSION:- Terrorism is a complicated subject that crosses disciplines as freely as jurisdictional boundaries.It is no more a phenomenon of developing countries and has become a global phenomenon. The emerging trends are mainly the products of the technological advancements. Hence, these trends are leading to a new era of indiscriminate violence, more dangerous and deadly than in the past.