Technical analysis of LED light

A?Light?Emitting?Diode?(?LED?) is a semiconductor device that converts?electricity?into light.?Each diode is about 1/4 inch in diameter and uses about ten milliamps to operate at about a tenth of a watt.?LEDs are small in size but can be grouped together for more intense applications.

LED fixtures require a driver similar to the?ballast?in fluorescent fixtures.?Drivers are typically built into the fixture (like fluorescent ballasts) or are a plug-in transformer for portable (plug-in) fixtures.?Plug-in transformers allow the fixture to operate on a standard voltage of 120 volts?alternating current?(AC), with modest power loss (approximately 15-20%).

The efficiency of a typical residential LED application is approximately?20 lumens per watt?(LPW).?Incandescent bulbs have an efficiency of around 15 LPW and compact fluorescents (energy saving bulbs) are around 60 LPW, depending on the wattage and type of lamp.?LEDs are more efficient at directing light in one direction than incandescent or fluorescent bulbs.

Due to their directional output, they have unique design features which can be exploited by smart designs.?LED light strips can be installed under counters, in hallways, and on stairs;?concentrated matrices can be used for room lighting.

Waterproof outdoor lights are also available.?Some manufacturers consider applications such as gardens, walkways, and exterior decorative fixtures to garage doors to be the most cost-effective.?LED lights are more robust and resistant to damage than compact fluorescent lights and incandescent bulbs.?LED lights do not blink.

They are very sensitive to heat;?excessive heat or improper applications significantly reduce light output and life.?Uses include?:

·????????Work and reading lights

·????????Linear linear lighting (under kitchen cabinets)

·????????Recessed lights/ceiling boxes

·????????Porch / outdoor / landscaping lighting

·????????Art lighting

·????????Architectural lighting

·????????Night lights

·????????Staircase and walkway lighting

·????????Pendants and overheads

·????????Replacement bulbs for lamps

Attributes

Individual LEDs are considerably more efficient;?however, the design of the lamp or fixture is reduced by the driver and electronic components.?In addition, LEDs do not produce heat like?incandescent bulbs.

LEDs last much longer than incandescent lamps or fluorescent lighting.?LEDs generally don't burn in the same way as traditional lighting, but rather gradually fade away.?Their “useful life” is defined by the Alliance for Solid-State Lighting Systems and Technologies (?AIDER?) as the time required to reach 70% of the initial light, often 50,000 hours.

They are resistant to thermal and vibration shock and perform well when subjected to frequent duty cycles.

Light source

Typical rated life range

(hours) *

(varies by lamp type)

Estimated useful life (L?70?)

Incandescent

750 - 2000

Incandescent halogen

3000 - 4000

Fluorescent Compact (CFL)

8000 - 10,000

Metal halides

7,500 - 20,000

Linear fluorescent

20,000 - 30,000

High power LED

35,000 - 50,000

* Source lamp manufacturer data

No tools or additional training are required for the installation of LED luminaires.

Initial cost

The biggest limitation to LED for common residential use is the cost of manufacture due to consistently limited production runs.?Manufacturers claim that production will increase significantly in the near future, which will further reduce prices.?Currently, there are a limited number of?LED light fixtures manufactured, but that is changing.

Retrofit bulbs range from Rs. 200 / = to Rs. 850 / = for night lights and small lamps.

Operational cost

The cost savings of LEDs can be found in smaller wattage lamps or for applications that take advantage of their longevity, such as hard-to-reach places. They are also beneficial for dimmable fixtures, as dimmable fluorescents are expensive.

Installation

The small size of LED lights encourages a variety of design options.?White LED lights are available with?Edison?(screw type) to replace existing fixtures.?LED strips can be used under cabinets.?In addition, exterior landscaping is available.

Disadvantages and advantages of LEDs

LED lamps have many?advantages?over traditional lighting methods.?These include:

·????????Low power consumption - conversion bulbs range from 0.83 to 7.3 watts

·????????Long life - LED bulbs can last up to 80,000 hours

·????????Durable - LED bulbs are resistant to heat and vibration shocks and light up instantly from -40 ° C to 185 ° C, making them ideal for applications subject to frequent cycling cycles, such as garages and the basements

·????????Directional light distribution - useful for interior task lighting

·????????No infrared or ultraviolet radiation - great for outdoor use, as UV light attracts insects

·????????Safety and Environmentally Friendly - LEDs contain no mercury and stay cool to the touch

·????????Fully dimmable - LEDs do not change their?color?tint when attenuated unlike incandescent lamps that turn yellow

·????????No frequency interference - no ballast to interfere with radio and television signals

·????????Color gamut - LEDs can be manufactured to produce all colors of the spectrum without filters, they can also produce white light in various temperatures

There are some common?drawbacks?to LED lighting:

·????????LEDs are currently more expensive than more conventional lighting technologies and can be difficult to locate

·????????The LED is very sensitive to heat.?Excessive heat or improper applications dramatically reduce light output and lifespan

·????????LEDs generally emit light in one direction at a narrow-angle to incandescent or fluorescent lamps;?therefore lenses or reflectors are needed in the luminaires to widen the beam (if necessary).

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