TCP/IP Model in Network Communication
Rafsan Anwar
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The TCP/IP model is a conceptual model used to describe the protocols and communication methods used on the Internet. It is composed of four layers:
1. Application Layer: The top layer of the TCP/IP model is the application layer, which defines how applications access the network and how they interact with it. It includes protocols such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and DNS.
2. Transport Layer: The transport layer provides end-to-end communication between applications on different hosts. It includes protocols such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol), which provide reliable and unreliable data transfer services, respectively.
3. Internet Layer: The internet layer is responsible for addressing and routing packets across multiple networks. It includes the IP (Internet Protocol), which defines how packets are addressed and transmitted across the Internet.
4. Network Access Layer: The link layer is responsible for the physical transmission of data over the local network. It includes protocols such as Ethernet and Wi-Fi.
The TCP/IP model is often compared to the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, which is another conceptual model used to describe network communication. However, the TCP/IP model is more commonly used in practice, particularly in the context of the Internet.