TCP/IP

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol. TCP/IP Protocol Stack is specifically designed as a model to offer a highly reliable and end-to-end byte stream over unreliable internetwork.

TCP Characteristics

Here, are the essential characteristics of the TCP/IP protocol

• TCP is a connection-oriented protocol.
• TCP offers reliability and ensures that data that arrives out of sequence should be put back into order.
• TCP allows you to implement flow control, so the sender never overpowers a receiver with data.
• TCP/IP is a layered server architecture system in which each layer is defined according to a specific function to perform.

 Application Layer

The application layer interacts with an application program, which is the highest level of the OSI model. The application layer is the OSI layer, which is closest to the end-user. It means the OSI application layer allows users to interact with other software applications.

Transport Layer

The transport layer builds on the network layer in order to provide data transport from a process?(p1) on a source system machine to a process(p2) on a destination system. It is hosted using single or multiple networks, and also maintains the quality of service functions.

It determines how much data should be sent where and at what rate. This layer builds on the message which is received from the application layer. It helps ensure that data units are delivered error-free and in sequence.

 Internet Layer

An internet layer is a second layer of TCP/IP layers of the TCP/IP model. It is also known as a network layer. The main work of this layer is to send the packets from any network, and any computer still reaches the destination irrespective of the route they take.

Layer-management protocols that belong to the network layer are:

1. Routing protocols
2. Multicast group management
3. Network-layer address assignment.

The Network Interface Layer

Network Interface Layer is this layer of the four-layer TCP/IP model. This layer is also called a network access layer. It helps you define the details of how data should be sent using the network.

This layer defines how the data should be sent physically through the network. This layer is responsible for the transmission of the data between two devices on the same network.

 Most Common TCP/IP Protocols

Some widely used most common TCP/IP protocol are:

TCP:

Transmission Control Protocol is an internet protocol suite that breaks up the message into TCP Segments and reassembles them at the receiving side.

IP:

An Internet Protocol address that is also known as an Ip address is a numerical label. It is assigned to each device that is connected to a computer network that uses the IP for communication. A combination of IP with a TCP allows developing a virtual connection between a destination and a source.

HTTP:

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a foundation of the World Wide Web. It is used for transferring web pages and other such resources from the HTTP server or web server to the web client or the HTTP client.

SMTP:

SMTP stands for Simple mail transfer protocol. This protocol supports the e-mail is known as a simple mail transfer protocol. This protocol helps you to send the data to another e-mail address.

SNMP:

SNMP stands for Simple Network Management Protocol. It is a framework that is used for managing the devices on the internet by using the TCP/IP protocol.

DNS:

DNS stands for Domain Name System. An IP address that is used to identify the connection of a host to the internet uniquely.

TELNET:

TELNET stands for Terminal Network. It establishes the connection between the local and remote computers.

FTP:

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is a mostly used standard protocol for transmitting files from one machine to another.