System Integration
System Integration
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Systems integration is akin to a wedding, where two distinct families come together for the first time. It could go smoothly, or it could descend into chaos. Who knows?
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System integrations involve connecting different information systems into a larger framework, and they can be full of surprises, both good and bad. Linking various IT systems is a journey of discovering the unknown. Legacy systems, third-party software, and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems running on different servers—whether on-premise, in the public cloud, or private cloud—make it a complex process that requires time and expertise.
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Successfully integrating unconnected systems is challenging. A survey found that 89% of organizations had a system integration backlog. However, to fully leverage digital transformation, building a holistic IT environment where all systems work seamlessly together is essential.
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Types of Systems Integration
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Each systems integration is unique. IT environments vary from organization to organization, and no two are alike. Some integrations are straightforward, while others, like complex B2B integrations with governance and privacy concerns in healthcare, are highly intricate. Generally, system integrations can be classified into three types:
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1. Enterprise Application Integration (EAI): EAI connects databases and workflows linked to applications to ensure data is shared throughout the IT environment, maintaining system integrity. Changes in one system are reflected in all others.
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2. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): EDI involves sharing business documents computer-to-computer in a standard format, replacing paper documents and automating processes like billing or logistics.
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3. Data Integration (DI): DI consolidates all system data into a single, unified view, enabling analytics to produce actionable intelligence. Methods vary, but it typically involves bringing data sources under one roof on a single server.
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System Integration Methods
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Determining the correct way to integrate systems is challenging. IT architects must understand each system, its location, and how they interact. Clarity on the wider framework is vital for successful integration.
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1. Point-to-point integration: This involves one system directly integrating with another, suitable for limited integrations with specific needs. However, it becomes unwieldy for multiple data sources.
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2. Vertical integration: Using a siloed model, point-to-point connections are based on their function. For example, finance systems connect to each other but not necessarily to supply chain applications. This approach is simple but limited and not scalable.
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3. Star integration: Also known as spaghetti integration, this method leverages the point-to-point model with multiple touchpoints, creating a star-like collection of connections. It can be costly and complex if not managed properly.
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4. Horizontal integration: This uses a single interface layer, commonly called an enterprise service bus (ESB), where all subsystems feed into. Systems do not directly connect but share data through the ESB. This approach is increasingly common for large enterprises.
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5. Common data format integration: This method transforms system data into a single shared format, making data translation seamless and reducing complexity.
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How to Connect Systems
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There are several methods for connecting systems, with the most common being:
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1. APIs Providing a direct line between applications, APIs are the easiest and most commonly used approach for data transmission in a standard format.
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2. Middleware: A hidden software layer that brings systems and applications under one tent, offering common services and capabilities beyond the operating system.
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3. Webhooks: Real-time messages sent between systems when triggered by specific events, also known as HTTP callbacks.
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4. EDI: As discussed, EDIs replace paper documents with a standardized electronic format, typically done through a value-added network or directly via the Internet.
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Advantages of System Integration
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A successful system integration can positively impact the bottom line and core business, making an organization more efficient and reducing costs.
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- Increased productivity: Embracing digital transformation and automation by bringing all systems under one roof.
- Simplicity: Reducing unnecessary complexity by having a well-connected ecosystem.
- Lower costs: Reducing resources and operational costs needed to manage a complex IT environment.
- Efficiency: Shared resources, such as storage or cloud computing, are utilized more effectively.
- More accurate data: Sharing data across systems provides a refined view of processes and workflows, leading to better decision-making.
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Challenges of Systems Integration
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Despite the benefits, there are drawbacks to full system integration:
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- Constantly changing landscape: Keeping up with fast-moving technology and ensuring platforms are up-to-date consumes resources.
- Costly: Initial integration can be expensive, requiring significant investment in hours and computing resources.
- Complexity: Fully integrated systems add layers of complexity, making maintenance challenging.
- Security risks: Connecting systems increases potential entry points for bad actors, magnifying the impact of security breaches.
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Steps in Systems Integration Implementation
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Integrating systems is a long and complex process. Here are the steps to guide system admins through implementation:
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1. Requirements: Establish what the future system needs to accomplish and what will be included.
2. Analyze feasibility: Understand the current setup and what needs to be done.
3. Architect design: Lay the foundation, identify risks, and develop a formal strategy.
4. Create a management plan: Determine roles, responsibilities, and resource distribution.
5. System integration design: Plan how each system and software solution will connect.
6. Implementation: Execute the integration, test systems, and fix bugs.
7. Maintenance: Regularly monitor and update the integration, adding new systems or tools as needed.
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The Final Word
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When done properly, an integrated IT infrastructure can lead to a more efficient operation, breaking down silos and enabling the organization to work as one. While integration projects are challenging and time-consuming, the return on investment justifies the effort.
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