Sustainable cities are proficient solutions to socio-economic developmental issues/threats...

Cities have been home to humans, plants, and animals for many centuries. It has been mismanaged and/or unsustainably managed for a very long time now. If the necessary amendments are not made in time a collapse of our world is imminent. 70% of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emanate from our city centers, responsible for more than 70% of the global gross domestic product (GDP). More needs to be done and here is a document amenable for such purposes. Building a body of analytical work, three priority areas; the priority areas are...

-????? Building a creative conjuncture of solid, sustainable, and remotely accessible locations of fun interest;

-????? Creation of city management services with climate change concerns as the main objective (tackling drought, flood, enhanced low-carbon transportation; mass-transits that are non-emitters;

-????? Climate-smart agriculture in the already existing masterplans, if not there, creates jobs through the Geographical maps of urban renewal for the instructional purposes of climate-smart agriculture for food security purposes.

When we manage our cities well, we would be building resilience which caters to the above-named 3-pronged effects of disaster management.

BACKGROUND

Cities now witness an upsurge in the movements - migration (forced and unforced), Rural - Urban migration; Urban - Urban migration; intra - state (nations within a specified continent) migration, and intercontinental migration; Rural - Rural migration in search of renewable resources for life and survival (fertile land, water,... etc.,) human lives are made more pleasurable with some basic amenities (electricity, pipe-borne water, proximity to clinics, good schools, et cetera most of which are non-existent in some cases and their availability to a very large extent lies in the rate of development within these cities. The above said are very essential, and of course, the opposite also holds firm. Electricity, pipe-borne water, and nearness to health and recreational facilities are some of the metrics to look out for, some urban centers are still grappling with inadequate in the above-mentioned, so now imagine rural-centers.

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A close call case study, Abuja (Nigeria) was planned for 3.5 million people but today accounts for close to/ about/more than averages between 6 & 7 million people; migration (depending on the political cycle). Lagos is a mega city accounting for over 25 million residents but with an increase in population comes an increase in amenities to accommodate these growths in Lagos since Governor Babajide Sanwo-Olu came on board. Abuja has new occupants every 4 years most accompanying Politician all-of-whom do not return.

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Migration records with the IOM of the UN say this rate is not sustainable when measured with the basic needs of man (shelter, food, and clothing), and that is very true. With Nigeria’s population rate of change, more has to be done to direct and redirect attention to make sure the area space can accommodate more entrants. Abidjan constantly needs facelifts, and overstretched facilities; it is partly a responsibility of migration. Bamako (the capital city of Mali), has one of the worst suburban settlements in Africa, where WASH is absent; Migration is to blame. Abuja with a population density of 1,100/square kilometers, now considers Lagos on the other hand has a population density of 3,791/square kilometers with 2.5% annual population change. When the right metrics are up for consideration, we will do so much better service to planning of the cities, so that sustainable practices are attained.

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It is said that migration to the places where life's essentials are more readily available is what normal human nature desires. Justifiably there are a few exceptions, look closely and you may find it. Not the most common to see, but a closer look guarantees that anything, I mean anything is possible. We have countlessly made it clear that the best is yet to come about planning, managing, and growing our cities sustainably, especially in Africa. Only a few cities in Africa can this be said to have been meaningfully done in this regard. In some places, development control has been left in the hands of quacks, and that has resulted in a building collapse and so many forms of avoidable accidents within these cities. We have several cases of vehicles veering off the road and destroying lives and properties; which adequate and eventful planning would have been able to help solve, with accidents avoided.

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Moreover, the same holds for some Latin American countries, Asian nations are not left out of this mention, even in New York, some places do not get shown on Television; unthinkable living conditions... Los Angeles, the city of Angels; angels are on the streets - homeless (Forced or normal migration). Everyone including the migrants generates 540kg/year of waste each; so, effective planning has to come in handy to tackle forced migration which is not such a beautiful thing; that is the only choice some people are faced with. Facilities in these recipient urban centers are stretched beyond the yield points, that, even the perceived better life becomes evasive. Creation of more employment opportunities through these problems, realities may have changed.

When migrants settle in the slums and are aggrieved; they tend to get agitated and kids who grow up under such conditions are a snap away from crime and other hateful acts of criminalities...

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There are similar angles to view from, deprivation; which can be social, environmental, and economic in view, worsened by lackluster governance or general political irresponsibility (perceived or conceived). Here we shall not dwell so much on the cost-effect of unequal development and poverty alleviation. They get mentions. City Boy Designer used to be my favorite gear(s) when I was a kid, beyond the fashion brand, everyone wants the city boy life. Mass movement is what follows, and that is the new normal. Nigerian nationals saw the largest relative in study grants compared with 2019, increasing by 57,545 which represents a 686% increase to a record high of 65,929 migrants ~ UK Home Office. Principal and dependents’ visas to UK migrants jumped up by 71% and that is just the UK alone. There would been a growth rate higher than the quoted figures due to inflation amongst other factors.

INTRODUCTION

The governance and coordination mechanism must lead a consultative process that engages all relevant stakeholders, including, and most especially Government employees and appointees, parliament, civil society, the private sector, and other non-state actors aimed at policy coherence for a better city scope and scale planning and adjustments (Management). Assessment and diagnostics of policy formulation, implementation, monitoring, and review for obvious benefits are all needed decimals for upward review of/for our cities and in turn, our living conditions, so that the not-so-readily available funds would not go into out-of-pocket health expenses, sustainability has to be coherent in the plans and purposes. Safeguards; Screening tools; Coherence checks; mainstreaming and incentives are all very helpful tools in checking these ills in our already existing pressured cities. Reducing poverty on a livable planet means better and more sustainable cities. However, where plans for new break-out cities can have more holistic packages they should be encouraged.

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The most helpful fact remains that when we inculcate these steps into our developmental architecture of city planning, nothing short of the best happens. Marrying the economy and the environment will require a little more understanding of what is obtainable and how to improve what we have or are confronted with in the migration terms. Data is permanently a mirage in some parts of the world and that is what everyone knows. Legislators get research funding and when these monies are judiciously applied reliable data can be more readily available.

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When, why, how, and where Infrastructures are most needed cannot be accurately determined without some of these essentials (density, age-distribution demographics, health impact, despondency ratio, and security); we know all these things, and have we attempted enough to bring them under control? That would be to them. But the responsibility lies with all of us, some people in Authority have no business in governance at all; Abuja (Nigeria) needs a clear enough Climate Change Financing Framework (CCFF) and we would stop at nothing, towards having rewarding, performance-based budgeting through analytical, and administrative capacity checks and balances. Climate change has an undertone in these forced migration stories, besides the brain drain (Japa syndrome) as most perceive it. Climate change investment screening and appraisals towards building institutional capacity is the way to go.

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We have to set premium incentives for the behavior of private actors, and promote equity across the board; this cannot be said enough, that good citizens are followers of laid-down rules and regulations. Macroeconomic stability will not be achieved if our biggest cities lack accountability in these regards. Policy direction towards sustainable city building has to be championed more effectively. Cities are centers of growth, 80% of the GDP will come from there in 2030, and 70% of them are going to be coastal cities where 70% of greenhouse gases (GHGs) come from, let’s hope all available data will not be affected as quickly in the upward review, #Climateemergency manifesting itself in the form of health, storms, disasters, crop failure, and forced migration. Only the maker knows what tomorrow brings and an end is not in site to these ills; one only hopes that ineptitude has not been exported to the highest levels of global governance; the UN that is. Good governance is not what can be guaranteed by the lethargy on display as we currently have in the institutions of authority. Asiwaju is coming!

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HYPOTHESIS

Describing the goal 11 of the SDGs and quoting the policy document in effect.

Cities have to be planned more sustainably, with nothing left undone, infrastructural resilience, and the economy viewed dispassionately; only planning can be the way forward. We cannot afford to be lethargic in our dealings, the environment and the aquifers are to be in consonance for an effective, tangible, and visible development to be seen and felt. Attribution should be carefully considered through the known lenses of Distinctiveness; consensus; consistency, character, and other values whenever development is in discussion. These are very important policy dialogues, if this policy document (Agenda 2030) or any other, especially (AU Agenda for 2064) for that matter work for most African cities, good enough in practice as it is on paper should be followed. " Economy is on the other side of the environment, as the saying found to be the truth goes. Since the growth rate of nations (y) = c+G+I (c – consumers, G – governance, and Inflation); most active growth takes place in the cities. Sustainable cities would make the difference, Yes!

A careful plan on the scheduling of the right measures and policy plans for the following will be good: Laws on the Movement of – Goods – Services - And capital (human and financial/resources) improve with the amenable benefits accruing. Energy per capita increase is good enough a competitive goal for every city wishing for development. Sustainability will mean that development is not against nature and a low-carbon economy is what I mean. Decarbonizing the energy, transport, and feeding systems should be strategically planned in the early stages of conceptualizing a great city, on incorporated as we go through/grow the cities already in existence, but a lot remains to be seen, though, we are hopeful.

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How much better can these targets attached to the goals make it? Exactitude here represented, but the quest to surmount these mountains has not started in the places most in need of them. With access to safe, affordable, and sustainable transport systems, ever heard my interviews; I do take not the opportunity to clarify how this can be of immense benefit to our fight against climate change for granted. Concepts: bedrock upon which theories are formed and that is why we have not been bothered when our ideas are in rooms we have not gone into through its doors. Let's look at a better-developed city together; now like this! Looking at the bigger picture will ensure the results we so enviably desire. It is often not enough to have lofty ideas read from pieces of paper every time, have your plans, and make it as clear as possible so that the buy-in of everyone can be co-opted.

It is beautiful nonsense and that is being fair to them because worse names are available, only attend for the 3 monies attached to such travels; ask them anything and you would be amazed at the quality of our representation at such events.

SDGs - Goal 11:

"Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. Ensure access for all to adequately be safely accommodated where basic services are available even in the slums. With attention to the most vulnerable; women, children, persons with disability, and the aged we would move forward quickly. As an important target of this goal, enhancement of inclusivity, sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in our country and across the Globe."~ UN Charter 2015

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"We have to strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world's heritage sites and the natural ones. Reduction of adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including but not limited to; paying special attention to Air quality (about 7 million deaths/year) can be significantly reduced), and municipal and other wastes better managed. Supporting positive social, economic, and environmental links between Urban, peri - Urban and rural settlements as seen, but needs to be sped up. National, sub-national, and local development planning can better this, we then say, Regional and sub-regional when adequacy has been achieved at the local levels.

"Support for the least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance (official development assistance (ODA)) in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing resource proficiency). Significant reduction in the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product occasioned by disaster; they are very present with us. The disasters include water-related distress in other to protect the poor and vulnerable; Flooding, drought, heat waves, cyclones typhoons, and hurricanes among others are driving more people into poverty. Sicknesses and storms are more frequent; that, cannot be overemphasized. We have moved to more frequent hurricanes just because civilization is up and growing, we have to keep up these checks if the developing countries from (Southeast Asian countries, Africans, the SIDS) are to be on the earth from 2030."

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"The aim would be seen to be achieved if, by 2020 there are more cities and human settlements enabled through the adoption and implementation of integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation, and most important of all adaptation to climate change #ClimateCrisis ; improved resilience to disaster; holistic disaster preparedness. When we identify, plan, and prepare a response to and implement cycles to end/reduce impact effects of extreme weather events the goal will have been achieved."

" As simple as the stories attached to goal 11 of the sustainable development goals SDG2030 here represented speaks to some issues, we are sure some places in Africa only send people to the conference of parties (COP) every time with not meaningful targets.

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SCOPE

Principal component analysis will improve PMIs both for cities and the businesses within the cities. Frequency analysis will help our understanding of times and seasons (rainfall patterns, haze periods, wind speed, wind direction) aid extensive plans against abrupt changes… Facility deficits and how to improve them; open defecation, WASH, Forest cover, population and density disparity within the urban and peri-urban centers to be revisited; climate resilience and the small businesses that can buffer shocks properly should be incorporated. Multidimensional poverty addressing mechanism is what it is called.

Anticipation and offsetting the negative impacts of expected below-average agricultural production and soaring food prices hinged on food insecurity and insecurity, in general, is key (knowledge is essential), more means more. With all we have stated here, nations who are serious will or would have done better preparation for the times we are anticipating. It is a beautiful nonsense and that is being fair to them because worse names are available, making plans to attend events only for the monies attached to such travels. African nations who pay the most attention reap the benefits as some have been springing up surprises.

A risk-based approach will accede to some of our demands; borrowing costs will have to be weighed against interest rate volatility, and against rising interest rates globally (@IMF). Unrealistic approaches that were proffered in the times past are not in use anymore and should be jettisoned; dictatorial measures in the formulation and implementation of sustainable city plans would also work, it works best when the dwellers are the ones. Resilience is the most viable response to disaster, it could be physical, economic, or social responses. Disaster completes these economic mishaps; land degradation and poverty are the resultant effects. Poverty is a direct relationship between the two mentioned above.

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Can we have a clearer shot at what is, just so that we can measure and record the successes made/note shortfalls; for onward push for the betterment of all known metrics?

Cities planning should be done in collaboration with economists, town planners, hydrologists, Environmentalists as well as marine/oceanological experts. We have to move quicker, as not doing so, is relative to insensitivity; which will mean more danger to our settlement pattern in Africa and in other #ClimateEmergency vulnerable places.

We live close to water banks for food production processes, geographical, and transportation purposes amongst others. Sea level is rising fast, and so will evaporation and precipitation - rainfall pattern changes will be impacting many lives negatively. What plans are in place to achieve meaningful results shortly? We have a plan of escape. Clear concept comprehension is needed for a betterment that will stand the test of time, rhetoric(s) are not the most immediate solutions and we have that on record from across a few places. Tax incentives and credit subsidies will be the most immediate solutions. Especially since we cut down trees to make firewood, can we resolve to look into alternative sources of energy quickly? Wind breaking potential of trees is much more important than firewood these days even within the most advanced cities. Sustainable energy consumption would be a world of difference but are the laws available efficient, can it be sustained over 8 years minimum term? It becomes a practice once it gains momentum for 2-government terms.

Can we have a plan of action that is generalized and aimed (gazetted) at fixing these imminent problems? With each disaster, more than half of the development made is swept away; they are fiercer and much more frequent in these extreme weather conditions. Flooding? No need to talk about that.

The repository of know-how is to be enhanced herewith, only if good enough attention is paid. With a Clean Development Strategy((CDS) a lot of magic will be accomplished and how; Goods and services - logistics and value addition across the board. Periodic, and timely collection, review, synthesis, and utilization of information as it relates to sustainable city development are the ways forward. However, reducing the reporting burdens on countries and increasing the timeliness and consistency of reporting, makes the work easier and is done faster. If the people in charge had been alive to responsibilities all the while the disaster would have been avoided. Starting now will help us avoid a lot more disasters in waiting/future occurrences.

The Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) regulates land contamination arising from petroleum activities and imposes an obligation on oil operators to manage and remedy contaminated land in a "sustainable use". Fortitude to the families that lost everything including lives in the inferno of grave consequence. Identification shall include maps/location maps showing the dimension(s) of the site, relationship to streets and waterways, and photographs showing topography, nature, and existing structures - DPR the Lagos incident what role did you fail at?

- Are intentions and scope known and catered to?

- Hazard identification and assessment (HIA);

- Material Safety Data (MSD);

- Waste Material Data Sheet (WMDS).

Are the above in place for constant probing just like the private sector participants would have ensured?

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The importance of policy-oriented multi-sectoral process cannot be overemphasized and Country-based planning - meeting set targets, aims, and goals namely: an observable impact on arresting ruptures along our pipelines, moving towards the sustainable production and consumption we have harped on since forever. The intangible figures, data, and metrics are not anything near the amounts in resources.

DISCOURSE

Investing in and prioritizing disaster risk reduction in national budgeting will reduce future expenditure due to losses avoidable when hazards hit while preserving development investments made, and resources set aside to accomplish some other developmental projects - wise counsel it seems. Can we have a way to drive further this particular goal, Quicker? The results will reduce the effects of poverty, and create sustainable development even as peace and development will be entrenched going forward, with more jobs created. Land is an important economic resource, managing it and sustainable use of its endowment can spell prosperity or doom if otherwise stated. Land use Act should be more all-encompassing. Registration of land has improved, since for some time and we have seen transference to private hands.

Trees and vegetation should be incorporated into our lives and living culture, besides the fact that they provide oxygenated air; they provide windbreaks, nitrogen fixation, water soil absorption, etc. also firewood which can be a source of coal and fire (proper Cost - Benefit analysis). Can the best preservation methods be employed whenever land use is being spoken of? Yes. More of that should be encouraged.

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More so, due diligence in the most procedural manner is what can, and has guaranteed resilience since the start of existence, often it has been less seen since the start of the new millennium. A lot of people are a storm away from collateral damage to their lives and businesses. With inclusivity, we will achieve a lot more stable world in which city development plans are all-encompassing. Develop quality, reliable, sustainable, and resilient infrastructure to promote economic development and human well-being, and this has to be concretized on affordability and equity of access. The suburbs are an eyesore majorly in many cities of the world as mentioned above. The feeling of being deprived.

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It is important to bring some other factors into play, very necessarily. Motivation, machines, methods, man, and materials all have evidential roles to play; so, we would have an in-depth look at each.

Management by principles: principles of specialization, coordination, responsibility, definition, Correspondence, Authority, balance, continuity, and of course, the span of control will best harness our policies for PROPER performance, helping a clearer understanding of what is to be done and how, then what we expect to be. “Creating headroom for multilateral development banks to extend financing to emerging economies for #climate action is the key objective of MDB reforms.” ~ Rania Al-mashat Minister of International Cooperation (Egypt) was recently quoted to have said. With proper plan with an end in view can make this the reality of everyone from everywhere.

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Authority will be most meaningful for developmental purposes when we do the needful well enough. Inputs|Conversion|Outputs - Exploitative authoritative; Benevolent authoritative; Consultative; Participative -group. Authority is usually result-driven. The above stated will be beneficial in all ways when we are sure of our targets, only then will how best to go about it, surface. The document is not aimed at making anyone less than optimum performance-wise, only a convex prism view for upgrade where necessary and/or a total rebranding of our city infrastructures.

Borrowing statistical know-how where 1+1 = X, assuming the functions of rationality and interest are in tandem, 1+1 = 11. While not being too demanding, Expectation theory; expectancy (perception that efforts will lead to efficient performance); Instrumentality (Perception that effective performance will lead to rewards); and valence (Perception that attractive rewards are available with persistence) all can make a better case for us to all dream along.

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Force of impact = Valence * Expectancy = {Personality, Knowledge and skill} + Effort; cannot be overemphasized, can they? Given the importance attached and improvement, the results will be brought forward.

Sequencing and prioritization of policy reforms are some of the fastest ways to achieve changes; personal opinion - motor-able roads across a country will boost the economy; improve access to credit; and balance urbanization; while reducing pollution from self-generating energy equipment will boost life expectancy considerably (socio-economic development). Proper revenue collection linked to effective expenditure for quality public service delivery can boost the link between citizens, and the state and form the basis of the social contract upon which the pride of the nation could come into play.

When migration is planned the above statement will hold firm, because, national consensus on fiscal priorities will be clear - political stability is needed in this regard as well.

CRITIQUE

Thoughtfulness on the link between infrastructure and the benefits of modern life and living. The roads are critical infrastructure for farming produce-product conversion, following best practices to reduce food waste. If food waste was a country it would be third highest emitter of greenhouse gases. More goods reach their destination and less food waste, which will mean lower greenhouse gases (GHGs) and better environmental prosperity. Goods and services are better enhanced with infrastructure; energy per capita will mean money is made, more productivity is achieved - better GNI (gross national income). With development comes peace, peace is an integral part of national security and an improved foreign direct investment (FDI). It follows to say, that environmental preservation aligns with economic improvement, when we pay attention to these details we will reduce or at least balance the migration anomaly; forced migration most especially.

With improvement in living conditions, earning power will grow; there will be no need to seek greener pastures elsewhere. The role migration plays has been extensively dealt with in some of our other papers. Migration should be decently done and with it, repatriation of proceeds is beneficial to the countries of origin, we are very hopeful that a lot will change. Migration can be better driven for more expedient results to show forth.

That said, economic growth can lead to greater environmental degradation and carbon emissions, so "the gift and curse"; well, that is why we are here. Bringing everyone up to speed, we intend to go forward in the light.

Low-carbon economy is a redress to the downside risks to growth forecasts, which, remain substantially high, surveys show an overall weakening in business and consumer confidence as inferred from this statement. The investment-to-GDP ratio will be the best plan against poverty (i.e. poverty alleviation is directly proportional to investments).

Does the Review standpoint of these constraints answer these questions: does the address of this constraint lead to complimentary effects on other constraints; what is the strength of evidence used in identifying these constraints (Political, social, economic, technological, and/or ethno-religious)? What does the historical data available say? How many attempts have been made in the time past aimed at achieving the same result? We are expectant more good things to follow our remarkably objective criticism to address the loss of productivity and increase alertness to opportunities disguised as challenges.

THEORY?

Addressing the Land Use Change, by a holistic view: Access/Control/Benefits - Rights; Use; Knowledge; OWNERSHIP all these can help improve representative concentration pathway (RCP) - GHGs tracking. Climate change will be fought and won at the development finance institutional levels (DFIs) and cities will have to be won first, well! Land is a productive resource and a biological resource at that, preserving same, will mean so much to the well-being of the citizenry. Climate change makes the loss of these renewable resources more unbearable these days, empirical shreds of evidence, and peer-reviews of some of these documents have these programmes ticked in all the boxes.

Persistent declines in the labour income share and the lack of growth in disposable income could also lead to political instability - renewable resources to blame most of the time, especially in the listed countries in the recent past (Burkina Faso, DR Congo, Mali). What can be done, to better these narratives? Simple! Task specialization; chain of command; unity of direction; and Span of control within and without, efficiently. Value is much more important, but VROOM is what Separates valence from value, considering that one is better than the other. Management by policies, procedures, and plans as most Scholars and leaders from any walk of life will call it.

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The overburdened infrastructure in these city centers can be timely dealt with, by a proper and comprehensive City Profiling, and action plans; constant City evaluation (infrastructure and usage balance); City capacity building; financing of City projects; and Industry partnership. Balancing the Urban settlement's ecosystems, which will in turn bring more revenue, and improve the lifestyle and healthiness of dwellers/residents as occasion deserves should be prioritized. I assure you that with these, sustainability risks would have been completely obliterated. Nomenclatural improvement has been seen in some other major cities of the world and will be witnessed here in Nigeria also, and can we go forward in these directions, especially in the fastest growing cities in Africa – Accra, Abuja, and Dar and Abidjan to be an example. Hopefully, that will be a reality soon enough, emission quotient per activity would be an easier way to look at it holistically.

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All is well, that ends well - in this race against time (ClimateCrisis). IMPORTANTLY, will identifying and removing some constraints to city development have knock-on effects on other areas of equal importance to the economic infrastructure of the state, sub-region, continent, etc.? The answer remains in plain sight. ‘Survant, Pour quoi pas?’ We have to drive an initiative for betterment rather than excuses. A few out there will be looking at the misspelled words and/or punctuations; well, I can only do so little to help you.

CONCLUSION

The crux of the matter is to achieve the set targets, goals, and objectives (in tandem with policy action plans) - Results that will be tangible, and tangentially coherent with laid down projections; Cabinet-wide coordination mechanism is the way to go. How and when do we much away from these rituals of arbitrariness we call meetings? How significant are the evidence-based development strategies in the works, in the most needed diaphragms of global growth? To engender trust as a responsible contributor on all things related to sustainability. We are at a stage in our urban renewal, in which all these things would have to be incorporated appreciably and appropriately where numbers are accurate.

Are we not just an extreme event away from colossal failure anymore?! A lot of the talks we have heard in the past have not come to any meaningfulness thus far. Leadership for institutional upgrade is one of the fastest ways aimed at making gains accrue and facilitating a whole-of-government approach is key to reducing policy summersault in general. Every day in the world is now a risk and in the #SSA most especially, but, we are more hopeful than agitated that things will improve, and how soon that will be, we are very EXPECTANT. Decarbonizing city centers has many benefits for the dwellers and the environment alike.

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The economy and the environment are two sides of a coin as it might have been obvious; both have practical sustainability in common. The sustainability battles would be won everywhere and the cities are the first points of action.

The needed decimal(s) for/growth and effectiveness and fast; generation of broad-based support (everyone's buy-in) and consistency of implementation plan; only then will sustainable city plans and management by policy work. Nothing is cast-in-stone, but with constant procedural, and systemic approaches, will development be entrenched. My words are clearly designed for the ears of the wise; apparently. As we have said often, development finance institutions (DFIs) are bridges to close the identified gaps, and amend these shortfalls.

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?Articles 15, 16, 18and 19 of the convention on biological diversity and other relevant international agreements and taking into account national law, with the holders of such knowledge, innovation, and practices also look into how cities impact biodiversity. On the above, we shall set up a committee that will supervise these committees, and subcommittees in charge, and at the right time they shall submit their findings to the substantive committee.

The best is what we hope for; the plan is usually against the worst days - Adaptation and Mitigation (precautionary and adaptive) action-plans. I would stop here, thanks for your time. "Patience, persistence, and perspiration make an unbeatable combination for success" ~ Napoleon Hill.

Owa Olumayowa Raymond