The strongest signal of cervical cancer is contact bleeding

Ms. Lin, 35 years old, has devoted herself to childcare since she gave birth five years ago, ignoring the annual physical examination. In recent two months, she suddenly experienced irregular vaginal bleeding, especially after having sex, she found blood stains on her underwear. In fear, Ms. Lin came to Hongfang Hospital for treatment. The outpatient examination found that HPV16 was positive, and TCT indicated atypical squamous intraepithelial lesions. Therefore, colposcopy and biopsy were further performed. Pathology showed invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, so they were admitted to the hospital. After detailed preoperative examination and evaluation, radical surgery was performed for cervical cancer.

Ms. Lin's operation was smooth, and she recovered well after the operation. A pathological report was taken two weeks later, indicating that cervical cancer was at an early stage and no follow-up adjuvant treatment was needed. At present, she is regularly followed up. However, Ms. Lin has always regretted that if she is vaccinated with HPV vaccine, can she avoid cancer? How can we find the signs of cancer earlier

The most common types of cervical cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Their occurrence and development are mostly traceable. Timely detection and regular treatment of early cervical lesions can effectively prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer and reduce mortality. At the same time, most precancerous lesions and early lesions of cervical cancer can be detected in routine screening.

1、 How to screen for cervical cancer in healthy people?

1. <25 years old:

Without routine screening, HPV vaccination and protective sexual behavior can be carried out for prevention.

2. 25-65 years old:

Foreign guidelines recommend that the first choice is to conduct cytological and HPV joint screening every 5 years; Secondary selection: cervical cytology screening shall be conducted separately once every 3 years. At present, the prevalence of HPV vaccination in China is not high. According to the characteristics of cervical cancer in China, the commonly used strategy is the joint screening strategy of HPV and cytology every 1-2 years.

3. >65 years old:

Stop screening after 65 years of age if the previous screening result is clear negative and there is no CIN2 or higher grade lesion; Women with a previous history of CIN2, CIN3 or adenocarcinoma in situ should be screened for 25 years after the natural regression of the disease or clinical treatment.

However, HPV infection, especially high-risk HPV infection, abnormal cervical cytology, premature sexual life, unclean sexual life history (multiple sexual partners, etc.), history of sexually transmitted diseases (HIV infection, etc.), multiple pregnancies, multiple births, immunosuppression, etc. belong to high-risk groups, which need more intensive follow-up and review, and appropriately increase the screening frequency.

2、 Watch out for cervical cancer when these conditions occur

Whether cervical cancer is screened regularly or not, be alert and seek medical advice in time when the following conditions or symptoms occur:

1. Irregular vaginal bleeding, such as contact bleeding (intra room bleeding, bleeding after gynecological examination), non menstrual bleeding, and postmenopausal bleeding. Contact bleeding is more common.

2. Abnormal vaginal secretions, such as increased leucorrhea, white or bloody, thin as water like leucorrhea, rice swill shaped or smelly vaginal discharge.

3. In the late stage, there may be secondary symptoms, such as frequent urination and urgency, ureteral obstruction, hydronephrosis, uremia, constipation, lower limb swelling and pain, and even anemia, emaciation and other systemic failure symptoms.

Of course, you don't have to worry too much. You can sit down one by one. Other benign diseases can also have these symptoms, such as cervicitis, which may also lead to bleeding in the same room. Watch out for changes in your body in order to see a doctor as soon as possible and find abnormalities in time.

3、 Is everything OK with the HPV vaccine?

For HPV infection that can cause cervical cancer, vaginal cancer and genital warts, the vaccine has certain preventive effect. However, the HPV vaccine is not perfect. At present, the three approved vaccines are:

The bivalent vaccine prevents 16/18 virus, the 4-valent vaccine prevents 6/11/16/18 virus, and the 9-valent vaccine prevents 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 virus.

None of the three vaccines fully covered all types of HPV. Some vaccinators could still be infected with HPV. In addition, some cervical cancers had nothing to do with HPV infection. Therefore, even if you have been vaccinated with HPV vaccine, you can reduce the risk of cervical cancer, but you cannot provide complete protection, so you still need to refer to the above criteria for routine screening.

4、 The uterus has been cut, do you still need to check for HPV?

The answer is yes. If cervical cancer and precancerous lesions exist in the past, regular screening is still required after total hysterectomy. Because HPV infection can cause vaginal, vulva and other diseases, Ms. Lin still needs to conduct HPV combined cytological screening regularly after surgery.

Female friends, no matter how busy your life is, please take care of yourself and pay attention to the distress signal sent by your body~