Stigma, Knowledge Gaps: Barriers to Epilepsy Treatment

More than 50 million people grapple with epilepsy-related challenges, addressing its impact and ensuring proper care remains a critical global health concern, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). World Epilepsy Day, observed annually on the second Monday of February, serves as a poignant reminder of the urgent need to raise awareness and advocate for improved access to epilepsy care.

In Mexico, approximately 2 million individuals grapple with epilepsy, as reported by Mexico’s Ministry of Health (SSA). Of these, nearly two-thirds of epilepsy patients receive care at the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) and successfully manage their condition, improving their social and work-related well-being by averting the frequent seizures commonly associated with this condition, according to the IMSS.

While seizures are a common symptom of epilepsy, the disorder's implications extend beyond mere physical manifestations. From fractures and bruises resulting from seizures to heightened risks of psychological distress like anxiety and depression, epilepsy poses multifaceted challenges to individuals and their communities, as reported by the WHO.

Moreover, the burden of epilepsy disproportionately affects populations in low and middle-income countries, where healthcare resources may be limited, thereby exacerbating the social and economic toll of the condition, according to the WHO.?

Despite the prevalence of epilepsy, access to proper treatment and support remains a significant challenge in Latin America. While effective treatments are available, a significant portion of individuals affected by epilepsy, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean, lack access to essential healthcare services, as reported by the Pan American Health Organization. In Mexico, for example, non-adherence to treatment accounts for 25% of epilepsy cases that are not well-controlled, according to a study.

A significant obstacle lies in the limited health literacy levels and prevalent misunderstandings and misconceptions surrounding epilepsy. “Lack of knowledge can also contribute to challenges in access to treatment due to misdiagnosis, inappropriate treatment decisions, inadequate provision of care, and insufficient support for people with epilepsy and those who care for them,” says International Epilepsy Day.?

Moreover, stigma plays a crucial role in accessing epilepsy treatment. The negative perception and prejudices associated with the disease can lead those affected to avoid seeking medical help for fear of social rejection or discrimination.?

In this context, public policies aimed at facilitating timely access to epilepsy treatment are essential. One such initiative is the government-led Epilepsy Priority Programs, which aim to enhance treatment accessibility and patient well-being by fostering collaboration among government, civil society, and healthcare providers. These programs not only reduce costs but also improve quality of life and drive research for new treatments, thus advancing efforts to enhance epilepsy treatment access, according to Centro Aura.