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Immuno-oncology (IO) offers new promising treatment options for late stage cancer. Until recently, cancer treatments consisted of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. While often effective in patients with early, non-metastatic cancers, these modalities generally fail to produce lasting benefits in patients with late-stage cancer.
Immunotherapy drugs have been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for many cancer types. In most developed countries IO treatment has become standard of care for the treatment of several cancers, including metastatic melanoma, advanced non-small cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and renal cell carcinoma. IO therapies have been studied and approved inreasingly also as adjuvant therapy after surgery.
Traditional treatments, in particular chemotherapy, often have serious side effects due to non-tumor specific toxicity and these adverse effects can have tremendous negative impact on the patients’ quality of life. Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by offering treatment options for previously untreatable forms of cancer such as advanced lung cancer or metastatic melanoma. However, also immunotherapies can have serious adverse effects, which can affect skin, colon, endocrine organs, liver and lungs.
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* Immune Cell Therapy (CAR-T)
* Monoclonal Antibodies
* Checkpoint Inhibitors
* Cytokines, Cancer Vaccines
* Others