The stages of baggage scanning within a Baggage Handling System (BHS) with Enhanced Detection System (EDS) integration.

the stages of baggage scanning within a Baggage Handling System (BHS) with Enhanced Detection System (EDS) integration. Here's a workflow of the baggage scanning process:

1. Workflow of Baggage Scanning        

Stage 1: ATR and EDS (Level 1)

• ATR (Automatic Tag Reader) identifies the bag by reading its IATA ID tag.
• EDS (Explosive Detection System) Level 1 performs an automated scan for potential threats.
• Outcomes: Clear: Bag is safe and continues without further checks. Alarm: Indicates potential threat or anomaly, sending the bag to Level 2. Not Scanned: Reasons may include:Irregular or rolling baggage shapes.Mistracking during conveyance.

Stage 2: Operator Screening (Level 2)

• Bags flagged by EDS Level 1 are analyzed by human operators using PC workstations.
• Two operational cases: PC Monitor Free: Image appears immediately, and the operator has a limited time to make a decision. PC Monitor Busy: Images queue, but if the bag reaches the decision point without resolution, it automatically proceeds to Level 3.
• Outcomes: Clear: Bag continues on its path. Suspect: Bag is sent to Level 3. No Decision: If time expires or the operator doesn’t decide, the bag defaults to Level 3.

Stage 3: Physical Inspection (Level 3)

• In Level 3 room, bags are checked manually.
• Actions: Clear: Bag resumes its normal path. Rescan: Bag is sent back through the EDS for another attempt. Suspect: Moves to Level 4 for further investigation.

Stage 4: ETD (Explosive Trace Detection)

• Suspect bags undergo advanced screening using ETD equipment.
• Outcomes: Clear: Released for travel. Suspect: Bag may require additional handling or retention based on regulatory protocols.

2. Key Challenges Identified        

ATR Limitations

• Why ATR Fails to Read IATA Tags:Bags with irregular shapes or rolling behavior.IATA tag issues such as faded ink or improper placement (e.g., not on the handle).Multiple different IATA tags on a single bag, causing confusion.

Operator Workflow

• Delayed Decisions:If the operator monitor is busy, subsequent images queue, delaying decision-making.Bags without timely decisions proceed to Level 3, increasing manual workload.
• Decision Fatigue: Operators handling high volumes may miss or delay decisions.

Image Tracking Issues

• Lack of IATA ID complicates tracking in the system.
• Reliance on CCTV timestamps to locate and track bags increases effort and time.

3. Potential Solutions and Optimizations        

ATR Enhancements

• Advanced Imaging Systems: Upgrade ATR to handle irregular shapes and faded tags.
• Tag Design Improvements: Use more durable materials and clearer printing standards for IATA tags.
• Pre-Check Measures:Ensure proper tag placement at check-in.Staff training to ensure all bags have one clear and readable tag.

Operator Workflow Optimizations

• Load Balancing:Distribute flagged images evenly across multiple operator workstations.Automate alerts for queues exceeding a predefined length to allocate additional resources.
• AI Support:Integrate machine learning to assist operators by pre-classifying bags with high confidence levels, reducing manual workload.
• Efficiency Metrics:Monitor operator response times and implement regular training for decision-making under pressure.

Image Tracking Improvements

• Centralized Bag Information System:Pair CCTV timestamp data with conveyor tracking data to streamline searches for unscanned bags.
• Integrated Solutions:Use RFID or barcode technology as backup identifiers for bags with unreadable IATA tags.

Overall System Efficiency

• Preventive Maintenance:Regular checks of EDS and ATR systems to reduce false alarms and mistracking.
• Simulation and Testing:Periodic simulation of baggage workflows to identify and mitigate bottlenecks.
• Team Coordination:Improve communication between operators, technical teams, and supervisors to handle escalations promptly.

4. Suggested Enhancements to Operations Proactive Monitoring        

• Assign a control team member to monitor bag flow at critical points (e.g., Level 2 decision points) to minimize delays.

Team Training

• Conduct regular workshops for baggage handlers and system operators, focusing on:Proper tag placement techniques.Efficient and timely decision-making.

Data-Driven Improvements

• Analyze system logs to identify recurring issues or inefficiencies, enabling targeted interventions.

5. Benefits of Addressing These Challenges        

• Increased Throughput: Reduced delays and operator errors ensure smoother bag flow.
• Enhanced Accuracy: Advanced ATR systems and AI-supported workflows improve detection and decision rates.
• Reduced Manual Intervention: Fewer bags proceed to Level 3, minimizing the workload in the inspection room.
• Improved Passenger Satisfaction: Streamlined processes enhance reliability and efficiency, boosting traveler confidence.