SPI COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a high-speed, synchronous communication protocol commonly used in embedded systems to connect microcontrollers with peripherals like sensors, memory chips, and displays. It operates on a master-slave architecture, with the master device controlling the clock signal for synchronization. SPI supports full-duplex communication, allowing simultaneous data transmission and reception. It utilizes four key lines: MOSI (Master Out, Slave In), MISO (Master In, Slave Out), SCK (Serial Clock), and SS/CS (Slave Select/Chip Select). SPI's flexibility comes from configurable clock polarity and phase, as well as the ability to work with multiple slave devices using separate chip select lines. This protocol is favored for its speed and simplicity, though it is generally limited to short-distance communication due to its lack of inherent error-checking mechanisms.