Somaliland’s 2024 Presidential Elections: A Test of Democracy and Path to International Recognition

????????????????, ????????????????????, ??????. ????, ????????:The counting of votes is underway following Somaliland’s presidential elections held on November 13, a significant event for this self-declared independent region that split from Somalia in 1991 but has yet to achieve international recognition. Originally scheduled for 2022, these elections were delayed by two years due to internal economic and political challenges. High voter turnout underscored the population's eagerness to engage in democratic processes, demonstrating their commitment to political participation.

The incumbent, President Muse Bihi Abdi of the Kulmiye Party, is seeking re-election against key rivals Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi of the Waddani Party and Faisal Ali Warabe of the UCID (Justice and Development Party), who have campaigned on platforms emphasizing reform and national unity. Muse Hassan Haji Yusuf, chairman of the Somaliland Electoral Commission, reported that polling stations closed peacefully, and vote counting continues without incident. Despite early celebrations in Berbera by supporters of President Bihi Abdi, Yusuf has called for patience until the official results are announced on November 21 to prevent premature conclusions

These elections are critical for Somaliland, reflecting a broader effort to solidify democratic foundations, strengthen social unity, and position the region as a credible state on the global stage. The elections serve as a litmus test for showcasing Somaliland’s political stability, potentially boosting its campaign for recognition and drawing international attention. Observers view transparent elections as key to enhancing Somaliland’s reputation, which could catalyze discussions within bodies like the African Union and engage global powers interested in regional stability.

Economic development remains a top concern, especially regarding the strategic importance of the Berbera Port. This port, vital for trade routes connecting Africa to the Middle East and Asia, has been central to recent regional tensions. A preliminary agreement allowing Ethiopia exclusive access to the port corridor has sparked opposition from Somalia, which claims sovereignty over Somaliland and views the deal as a challenge to its territorial integrity.

The post-election landscape could act as a springboard for significant shifts, including infrastructure expansion, economic diversification, and foreign investment. The Berbera Port stands at the heart of Somaliland’s economic strategy, with development plans aiming to transform it into a major logistics hub. Success at the polls could promote legislative efforts to create a business-friendly environment, foster sector diversification in renewable energy and agriculture, and strengthen financial systems to attract the diaspora's investment.

Social cohesion, particularly in overcoming clan-based divisions, is another critical aspect that the election addresses. The new government must focus on inclusive policies, civic engagement, and youth participation to bridge societal divides. Promoting a unified national identity through education and community programs can support long-term stability and collaboration among all segments of society.

These elections are more than a contest for political power; they symbolize Somaliland's dedication to democratic ideals and its pursuit of global recognition. The outcome, set against regional and geopolitical challenges, will either affirm Somaliland’s commitment to democratic governance or present hurdles that require resilient leadership. The coming period will be decisive for positioning Somaliland as a beacon of stability and an example of democratic ambition in the Horn of Africa.