Solar Energy

Solar’s successful transformation into accessible, clean source of energy is a big jump from its previous reputation as a too expensive fossil fuel alternative. Solar energy can be used mainly in three ways one is direct conversion of sunlight into electricity through PV cells, the two others being concentrating solar power (CSP) and solar thermal collectors for heating and cooling (SHC). India is endowed with abundant solar energy, which is capable of producing 5,000 trillion kilowatts of clean energy. Country is blessed with around 300 sunny days in a year and solar insolation of 4-7kWh per Sq. m per day. If this energy is harnessed efficiently, it can easily reduce our energy deficit scenario and that to with no carbon emission. Many States in India have already recognized and identified solar energy potential and other are lined up to meet their growing energy needs with clean and everlasting solar energy. In near future Solar energy will have a huge role to play in meeting India’s energy demand.

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SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGY

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) cells convert solar light directly to electricity. Photovoltaic can literally be translated as light-electricity.;

Crystalline Silicon

Crystalline silicon (c-Si) is the oldest technology for solar PV modules. C-Si modules are subdivided in two main categories: i) single crystalline (SC-Si) and ii) multi-crystalline (mc-Si).

Thin Film

A thin film is a newer technology in comparison to the crystalline silicon. They are subdivided into three main families: i) amorphous (a-Si) and micro morph silicon (a-Si/μc-Si), ii) Cadmium-Telluride (CdTe), and iii) Copper-Indium-Diselenide (CIS) and Copper-Indium- Gallium-Diselenide (CIGS). Emerging technologies encompass advanced thin films and organic cells. The latter are about to enter the market via niche applications.

Solar Pump Controller VFD (Variable Frequency Drive)

CONCENTRATOR TECHNOLOGIES (CPV)

Concentrator technologies (CPV) use an optical concentrator system which focuses solar radiation onto a small high- efficiency cell. CPV technology is currently being tested in pilot applications. Novel PV concepts aim at achieving ultra-high efficiency solar cells via advanced materials and new conversion concepts and processes. They are currently the subject of basic research.

FLOATING SOLAR

Floating solar photovoltaic (PV) installations open up new opportunities for scaling up solar generating capacity, especially in countries with high population density and competing uses for available land. They have certain advantages over land-based systems, including utilization of existing electricity transmission infrastructure at hydropower sites, close proximity to demand centers (in the case of water supply reservoirs), and improved energy yield thanks to the cooling effects of water and the decreased presence of dust. The exact magnitude of these performance advantages has yet to be confirmed by larger installations, across multiple geographies, and over time, but in many cases, they may outweigh any increase in capital cost.

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ROOF TOP SOLAR SECTOR:

Between March 2021 and March 2023, India added 4.4 GW (Giga watt)

Between 2015-19: - 1.9 GW

Between 2023-24: - India is on a trajectory to add 4 GW.

Acc. to IEEFA (Institute for Energy Economics and Finance Analysis),

In 2021: - 3 financiers for rooftop solar.

Currently: - 9 financiers for roof top solar.

Reasons: -

1.????? The comfort level of the financiers financing companies.

2.????? MSME segment has potential to absorb 15 GW of 40 GW target.

3.????? Earlier states were against rooftop solar. They feared if people put up roof top solar plants on the roofs and produce their own power then they will no longer buy from utility (i.e., loss of good paying customer was a very real fear).

4.????? Earlier states focus on Net Metering System: - Selling the Surplus electricity i.e., sell back to grid.

5.????? Shifting from net metering system to net billing system.

Acc. to IEEEFA board, T.N, U.P, Punjab, Rajasthan, H.P, W.B, Maharashtra states are doing net billing instead of net-metering.

Two Models: -

1.Apex Model: -

Solar company collaborates with a factory and put up a plant on roof, but the solar company supplied the electricity to the factory at a discount rate i.e., lesser than the outer.

2.Capex Model: -

Self-owned solar plant. Ex- MSME

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EX- Bittergao, Raibareli , U.P

Farmers used to have losses earlier on. I have to through away 10 kgs of vegetables, for ladyfingers that’s Rs 30 per Kg, it would easy cost me Rs 300. But now, I’m able to store it here for Rs 5 and sell it at the wholesale market or local market after a or two.

This place isn’t like cities where electricity is continues or that it is out for 4-5 minutes. Sometimes the transformer malfunctions, we are without electricity for up to 5 days.

?Cold Storage: -

DECENTRALIZED RENEWABLE ENERGY:

After harvest the trees get dried-up and is uprooted. That’s basically farm waste. Farm waste use as fuel for the cold storage by decentralized energy technology.

• It impacts livelihoods.
• Value addition or income generation.
• With using a computer and directly use biomass as a source of energy for compressing the diffusion which is ammonia.
• By this technology saving 40 tons of carbon emission per annum by using a cooling green source energy saving the global warming by using a natural refrigerator.
• India’s target for 2030 is 500 GW of renewable energy.

Component A

• Total Sanctioned Solar capacity is 4766 MW out of which total installed solar capacity is 140.2 MW.
• Rajasthan tops the total sanctioned solar capacity list as well as total installed capacity 1200 MW and 102.5 MW respectively.

Component B

• Total Sanctioned standalone pumps installed is 946471 out of which total installed standalone pumps is 272916.
• Rajasthan tops the total sanctioned standalone pumps installed as well as total installed standalone pumps 946471 and 272916 respectively.
• Total sanctioned individual pump solar (IPS) is 122930
• Total installed individual pump solar (IPS) is 1862.
• Total sanctioned feeder level solar (FLS) is 2912466.
• Total installed feeder level solar (FLS) is 2700.
• Kerela tops the total sanctioned individual pump solar as well as total installed individual pump solar 122930 and 1862 respectively.
• Kerela tops the total sanctioned feeder level solar as well as total installed feeder level solar 25387 and 2000 respectively.

Total solar Generation (in MWh)

Total carbon foot print reduced (in Tons)

MNRE- Ministry of New & Renewable Energy

PM-KUSUM- Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthan Mahabhiyan

BEE- Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Power, GOI

DISCOMS- Distribution Companies

"Thank You"

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