Snapshot: History of COPs

Being a crucial part of the global efforts to address climate change, Conference of the Parties, (a.k.a COP), seeks to unified universal climate actions in a way that serves most vulnerable communities. To learn more about its key milestones, here's a brief history of COP meetings since 1995:

COP1 (Berlin, 1995): was the first Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC marking the beginning of international negotiations on climate change as Parties adopted the "Berlin Mandate" to establish a legally binding agreement to address climate change.

COP3 (Kyoto, 1997): resulted in the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol, which set legally binding emission reduction targets for developed countries. It established the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" for addressing climate change.

COP6 (The Hague, 2000): aimed to finalize the rules for implementing the Kyoto Protocol. However, negotiations broke down, and the agreement was not ratified during this meeting.

COP7 (Marrakech, 2001): also known as the "COP of Action," resolved the issues left unresolved in The Hague and set the groundwork for the eventual ratification of the Kyoto Protocol.

COP11 (Montreal, 2005): adopted the Montreal Action Plan, which outlined future actions to address climate change beyond the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period.

COP15 (Copenhagen, 2009): aimed to produce a new global climate agreement to succeed the Kyoto Protocol, but negotiations ended with the Copenhagen Accord, a non-binding agreement that set emission reduction targets.

COP17 (Durban, 2011): established the "Durban Platform," which initiated negotiations for a new legally binding global climate agreement that would include all major emitters.

COP21 (Paris, 2015): is one of the most significant milestones. It resulted in the Paris Agreement, a global accord that set ambitious goals to limit global warming well below 2 degrees Celsius and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

COP24 (Katowice, 2018): focused on finalizing the rules and guidelines for implementing the Paris Agreement, including the transparency framework.

COP25 (Madrid, 2019): aimed to address outstanding issues from previous conferences, such as climate finance and market mechanisms.

COP26 (Glasgow, 2021): focused on ramping up global climate action, particularly in terms of increasing ambition in emission reductions and financing adaptation and mitigation efforts.

COP27 (Sharm el-Sheikh, 2022): Developing countries have been seeking financial assistance for "loss and damage" for nearly three decades. Finally achieving agreement on a fund is a major milestone. However, there is no agreement yet on how the finance should be provided and where it should come from.

And

COP28 (Dubai, 2023): aims to unite the world during this critical moment for global transformative climate action. Commitments to double energy efficiency, triple renewable energy capacity globally, and double hydrogen production by 2030…more to come.

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