The Significance of 1 Muharram in Islamic History and Tradition

The Significance of 1 Muharram in Islamic History and Tradition

The date of 1 Muharram as the Islamic New Year and the event of the hijrah (migration) of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from Mecca to Medina are not directly mentioned in the Qur'an. However, the concept of hijrah and the Islamic lunar calendar months can be understood through several Qur'anic verses that mention the months in the Islamic calendar.

One of the verses that speak about the months in Islam is:

Surah At-Taubah (9:36):

"Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve months in the register of Allah [from] the day He created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred. That is the correct religion, so do not wrong yourselves during them. And fight against the disbelievers collectively as they fight against you collectively. And know that Allah is with the righteous [who fear Him]."

This verse explains that the number of months in a year is twelve, and four of them are sacred months, which are Dhu al-Qi'dah, Dhu al-Hijjah, Muharram, and Rajab.

While the hijrah event is not mentioned in the context of the calendar or dating system in the Qur'an, it is a significant event in Islamic history and is detailed extensively in the hadiths and the sirah (biography) of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The establishment of 1 Muharram as the beginning of the Hijri calendar was done by Caliph Umar ibn Khattab, based on the hijrah event.

In Javanese tradition, 1 Suro holds special meaning and significance. Here are some important aspects of 1 Suro in the context of Javanese culture:

1. Beginning of the Javanese New Year: 1 Suro marks the start of the new year in the Javanese calendar, which is a blend of the Hijri calendar and the traditional Javanese calendar. It is an important moment to begin the new year with hopes and prayers for well-being, safety, and blessings.


2. Time for Reflection and Introspection: Similar to Islamic tradition, 1 Suro is considered a good time for reflection and introspection. The Javanese people typically use this time to reflect on what has happened in the past year and to plan the future more wisely.


3. Rituals and Cultural Traditions: In various regions in Java, 1 Suro is celebrated with various rituals and cultural traditions. For instance, in Yogyakarta, there is the Kirab Pusaka tradition at the Yogyakarta Palace where various palace heirlooms are cleaned and paraded. This symbolizes self-purification and spiritual renewal.


4. Abstinence and Practices: Many Javanese people engage in laku (spiritual practices) on the night of 1 Suro, such as fasting, meditating (*semedi*), or undergoing ascetic practices (*tapa*) for spiritual cleansing. Some also observe abstinence, such as not eating meat or staying indoors on the night of 1 Suro, as a form of self-control and introspection.

5. Mystical and Spiritual Significance: 1 Suro is often believed to have deep mystical and spiritual meaning. Some Javanese people believe that on the night of 1 Suro, supernatural forces are more active, so it is important to protect oneself and perform rituals for safety.


Overall, 1 Suro in Javanese tradition is a time rich with spiritual and cultural meaning, involving various rituals and practices aimed at strengthening connections with the spiritual world, cleansing oneself, and starting the new year with a pure heart.




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