Selenium - Interview Preparation Topics

1. Basics of Selenium

• What is Selenium?
• History and evolution of Selenium.
• Components of Selenium:Selenium IDESelenium WebDriverSelenium GridSelenium RC (Deprecated)
• Advantages and limitations of Selenium.

2. Selenium WebDriver Basics

• Setting up Selenium WebDriver environment.
• Configuring WebDriver in Eclipse/IntelliJ IDEA.
• WebDriver Architecture and lifecycle.
• Browser drivers and compatibility: ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver, EdgeDriver.
• First Selenium test script: Launching browser, opening a URL.

3. Locators and Web Element Identification

• Locators in Selenium:IDNameClassNameTagNameLinkText / PartialLinkTextXPath (Absolute and Relative)CSS Selectors
• Advanced locator strategies:Dynamic XPathAttribute-based locatorsText-based locatorsParent, Child, Sibling relationships in XPath

4. Selenium Actions

• Basic Actions:Click, Clear, and SendKeys.Retrieving attributes, text, and tag names.
• Advanced User Actions:Mouse hover and right-click using Actions class.Drag and drop.Double-clicking elements.

5. Handling Different Web Elements

• Dropdowns: Static and Dynamic.
• Checkboxes and Radio buttons.
• Frames and iFrames.
• Alerts and pop-ups (JavaScript alerts, prompts, and confirmation).
• Handling file uploads and downloads.

6. Waits in Selenium

• Implicit Wait.
• Explicit Wait.
• Fluent Wait.
• Difference between different wait mechanisms.
• Common conditions in ExpectedConditions class.

7. Page Navigation and Browser Management

• Managing browser windows: maximize, minimize, full-screen.
• Navigation methods: navigate().to(), back(), forward(), refresh().
• Multi-tab and multi-window handling.

8. Framework Integration

• TestNG integration: Annotations, parallel execution, and test suites.
• JUnit integration: Basics and annotations.
• Reporting with TestNG/JUnit.

9. Selenium Grid

• Concept of Selenium Grid.
• Setting up a hub and nodes.
• Running tests in parallel on multiple environments (browsers and devices).

10. Java Concepts for Selenium

• Core Java topics for Selenium:OOPs concepts: Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation, Abstraction.Exception handling in Selenium.Collections and Generics (ArrayList, Map, etc.).File I/O operations for reading/writing data.

11. Advanced Selenium Concepts

• Page Object Model (POM).
• Page Factory.
• Data-driven testing using Apache POI or ExcelUtils.
• Parameterization using TestNG or JUnit.
• Parallel execution with TestNG.

12. Automating Dynamic Web Pages

• Handling AJAX-based elements.
• Synchronizing dynamic elements with waits.

13. Integrations with Selenium

• Integrating Selenium with Maven or Gradle.
• Logging with Log4j or SLF4J.
• Continuous Integration (CI) using Jenkins.
• Integrating with version control systems like Git.

14. Reporting

• Generating HTML and XML reports with TestNG.
• Integration with Extent Reports or Allure for advanced reporting.

15. APIs and REST Testing with Selenium

• Introduction to REST API testing with RestAssured.
• How Selenium complements API testing.

16. Cross-Browser Testing

• Executing tests on Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari, and Opera.
• Browser compatibility challenges.

17. Debugging and Optimization

• Debugging failed scripts.
• Optimizing scripts for better performance.
• Common Selenium exceptions and how to handle them.

18. Mobile Testing with Appium and Selenium

• Overview of mobile testing.
• Integrating Appium with Selenium for mobile apps.

19. Real-Time Challenges in Selenium

• Handling Captchas.
• Working with shadow DOM elements.
• Handling Stale Element Reference exceptions.
• Automating Angular or React applications.

20. Latest Features in Selenium 4

• New Relative Locators.
• Improved Selenium Grid.
• CDP (Chrome DevTools Protocol) integration.
• Native support for Firefox and Chrome.

21. Best Practices

• Writing clean and maintainable test scripts.
• Modularizing test cases.
• Exception and error handling.
• Reusability of components.

With this exhaustive list, you’ll be equipped with everything you need to master Selenium as an SDET/QA engineer.

Happy Learning!