The Seeds of Knowledge: Exploring the Emergence of Psychology in Pre-Independent India

Psychology's journey in India is a fascinating academic evolution and cultural integration tale. While the discipline might seem like a recent import, its roots in India stretch back to the pre-independence era, where pioneering scholars laid the foundation for its future growth.

The Spark of Academia: The University of Calcutta Takes Center Stage

The 20th century marked a pivotal moment for psychology in India. Under Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee's visionary leadership, The University of Calcutta played a central role in introducing the subject to the Indian academic landscape. Here's a breakdown of the key milestones:

• 1905: Dr. Brojendra Nath Seal, a renowned philosopher, drafted the first-ever psychology syllabus in India.
• 1916: Eleven years later, Dr. Narendra Nath Sengupta established the first experimental psychology laboratory, a landmark achievement in laying the groundwork for research and practical application. This lab eventually evolved into the formal Department of Experimental Psychology, solidifying psychology's place within the university's academic structure.
• 1923: A significant step towards mainstream recognition came when psychology secured a dedicated section within the prestigious Indian Science Congress. This inclusion showcased the growing importance of the field within the scientific community.

Beyond Calcutta: Psychology Sprouts Across India

The University of Calcutta wasn't alone in nurturing the fledgling field of psychology. Other institutions across India actively participated in its development:

• Indian Psychoanalytical Society (1922): Dr. Girindrasekhar Bose, a prominent figure, established the Indian Psychoanalytical Society. Notably, this society received international recognition just two years later, becoming affiliated with the International Psychoanalytical Association in 1924. This event highlighted the burgeoning interest in psychoanalytic theory within India.
• Psychology in Mysore: The University of Mysore also played a crucial role. M.V. Gopalswami, heading the department in the 1920s, received training in psychological assessments, further emphasizing the growing focus on practical applications of psychology.

A Blend of Influences: East Meets West

It's important to acknowledge that early Indian psychology was heavily influenced by Western thought, primarily from Europe and America. However, attempts were also made to integrate these ideas with traditional Indian philosophies and spiritual practices. This cross-pollination of knowledge helped shape the unique character of Indian psychology.

A Legacy of Pioneering Minds:

These early pioneers, like Sengupta, Bose, and Gopalswami, deserve immense credit for establishing psychology as a legitimate field of study in India. Their dedication and vision paved the way for future generations of psychologists to explore the mind, behaviour, and well-being within the Indian context.

Looking Forward:

The emergence of psychology in pre-independent India lays the foundation for a rich and evolving discipline. As you, the aspiring UGC-NET, GATE, and other Psychology entrance exam aspirants, embark on your academic journey, remember the legacy of these pioneers. They set the stage for exploring the complexities of the human mind within the unique socio-cultural context of India.

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