Section 301 tariffs, normalization, export competitiveness, regulatory enforcement, and live streaming e-commerce

Recent terms from PRC Ministry of Commerce press conferences:

• 301关税 / Section 301 tariff (of the Trade Act of 1974 authorizes the president to take all appropriate action, not only tariff-based but also non-tariff-based retaliation, to address any unfair act, policy, or practice of a foreign government burdening United States commerce)?

Current comment:

- 中方一贯反对美对华加征301关税，并在会谈中就此表达了严正关切。美对华301关税措施已经持续5年之久，严重干扰了中美双边贸易的正常开展，给两国企业和美国消费者带来额外的经济负担，也扰乱了全球贸易秩序，影响全球经济稳定和安全。?

China is always opposed to the US imposing Section 301 tariffs on China and has expressed grave concern over this at the meeting. The Section 301 tariffs on Chinese products, which have lasted for five years, have seriously disrupted normal trade between China and the US, placed additional economic burdens to enterprises of the two countries and US consumers, destabilized the global trade order, and undermined global economic stability and security.?

Previous PRC history of the term:

- 近日，美国国际贸易委员会发布的一份报告显示，在特朗普时期对华征收“301”关税后，美国进口商价格几乎1:1上涨，这意味着美国进口商几乎承担了这一关税的全部负担。?

A recent U.S. ITC report says that after the Trump administration imposed Section 301 tariffs on China, U.S. import prices rose about 1 to 1, meaning that the cost of Section 301 tariffs have been borne almost entirely by U.S. importers.?

- 我们注意到了这份报告。报告指出，301关税的成本几乎完全由美国进口商承担。相关方面评论认为，报告证实了贸易专家普遍持有的观点，即关税对美自身造成了伤害。美方301关税措施是典型的单边主义和贸易保护做法，严重干扰了中美双边贸易正常开展，破坏了全球产业链供应链稳定，美国的进口商和消费者也深受其害。此前，世贸组织专家组已裁决301关税措施违反世贸规则。美方应倾听国内各界呼声，尊重世贸组织专家组裁决，尽快取消全部对华加征关税，同中方相向而行，共同维护全球产业链供应链稳定，造福两国人民和世界人民。?

We have taken notice of this report. The report points out that the cost of Section 301 tariffs have been borne almost entirely by U.S. importers. Commentators believe that the report verifies the general view of trade experts that the additional tariffs are hurting the U.S. itself. U.S. Section 301 actions are typical examples of unilateral and protectionist practices. They severely interrupt normal China-U.S. trade, disrupt stability of global industrial and supply chains, and make U.S. importers and consumers suffer. The WTO panel has ruled that Section 301 actions are inconsistent with WTO rules. The U.S. should heed the appeals in the U.S. and around the world, respect the ruling of the WTO panel, remove additional tariffs on China as quickly as possible, and work with China in the same direction to uphold stable global industrial and supply chains, in order to benefit people from China and the U.S. and around the world. _?

- 美方应尽早取消对中国加征的301关税，放宽对华出口管制，停止针对中国企业的贸易限制，为两国企业扩大贸易合作、减少对华贸易逆差创造有利条件。?

The United States should remove the Section 301 tariffs imposed on China as soon as possible, relax export controls on China, stop trade restrictions targeting China enterprises, and create favorable conditions for businesses of the two countries to expand trade cooperation and reduce its trade deficit with China.?

- 中方始终认为，美对华301关税措施不利于中美两国，不利于整个世界。在当前高通胀形势下，美方决定延长对华加征关税，势必使众多美国企业和消费者承受更大损失。?

China always believes that the U.S.’s Section 301 tariff measures are negative not only to China, but also to the U.S. and the rest of the world.?

• 常态化 / regularize; normalize?

Current comment:

- 8月28日，王文涛部长与雷蒙多部长举行会谈，达成了具体务实的成果。中美双方同意在两国商务部之间建立多层级沟通渠道，加强在经贸领域的沟通。...上述沟通渠道的建立，为两国商务部门就各自关注的经贸问题开展机制化、常态化讨论提供了重要平台，是双方稳定中美经贸关系、努力为工商界开展务实合作营造良好环境的重要举措。?

On August 28 [2023], Minister Wang Wentao and Secretary Raimondo held talks and reached specific and practical outcomes. China and the US agreed to establish multi-tiered communication channels between the commerce authorities to strengthen communication on the trade and economic front. ... The establishment of these communication channels provides important platforms for the commerce authorities of both sides to have institutionalized and regular discussions on trade and economic issues of concern. It is a major move to stabilize Sino-US commercial relations and create an enabling environment for practical cooperation between the two countries’ business communities.?

Previous PRC history of the term:

- 基干民兵和专职人民武装干部21式作训服纳入军服管理体系，军地各级将常态化组织生产销售和管理使用情况检查，切实维护军服的专用性严肃性。?

Type-21 combat uniforms for primary militia and full-time cadres of the People's Armed Forces departments will be covered by the military uniform management system, and military authorities and governments at different levels will regularly organize inspections on the production, sales, management and use of the uniform, so as to effectively maintain the specificity and solemnity of military uniforms.?

- 中国海军派遣舰艇编队赴亚丁湾、索马里海域实施常态化护航行动，积极参加协助印尼打捞失事潜艇等人道主义救援行动，“和平方舟”号医院船多次赴海外执行医疗救助任务。?

The Chinese Navy has dispatched naval ships to the Gulf of Aden and the waters off the coast of Somalia to carry out regular vessel protection operations, and actively participated in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR), such as assisting Indonesia in salvaging its sunken submarine. The hospital ship Peace Ark has performed multiple medical aid missions overseas.?

- 推动财力下沉,中央一般公共预算支出中对地方转移支付占比提高到７０％左右,建立并常态化实施中央财政资金直达机制.?

We channeled more financial resources toward lower levels of government, with the share of transfer payments to local governments rising to about 70 percent of central government expenditures. We introduced direct allocation of central budgetary funds to prefecture- and county-level governments and made it a regular practice.?

- 大力发展数字经济,提升常态化监管水平,支持平台经济发展.?

We should strive to develop the digital economy, step up regular oversight, and support the development of the platform economy.?

• 出口竞争力 / export competitiveness?

Current comment:

- 。。。 从产品看，高质量高技术高附加值产品出口竞争力增强。以新能源汽车、光伏产品、锂电池为代表的“新三样”出口保持强劲，1-7月合计增长了51%。我国新能源汽车产业技术水平持续提升，海外营销渠道和售后服务体系不断完善，已成功销往160多个国家和地区。?

From the perspective of products, the export competitiveness of high-quality, high-tech and high value-added products has increased. Exports of the new energy vehicles, photovoltaic products and lithium-ion batteries remained robust, with a combined increase of 51% from January to July. The industrial and technological level of China’s NEV industry continues to rise, with ever-improving overseas marketing channels and after-sales service system. China’s NEVs have been exported to more than 160 countries and regions.?

- 全年服务贸易持续快速增长，服务进出口总额达52982.7亿元，服务贸易逆差缩窄到2112.7亿元，充分体现了我国在服务贸易领域结构调整、出口竞争力提升等方面取得的积极成效。?

Trade in services continued to grow rapidly throughout the year. Total services imports and exports reached RMB 5.29827 trillion, with the deficit narrowed down to RMB 211.27 billion. This fully speaks to the positive effects of China’s efforts to restructure services trade and improve its export competitiveness.?

- 。。。我国知识密集型服务出口竞争力显著提升。新冠肺炎疫情深刻影响了人们生产生活方式，视听服务、医疗、教育、网上零售等在线提供与线上消费大幅增长，数字支付手段大量运用，为知识密集型服务贸易快速增长拓展了空间。2021年，我国知识密集型服务出口增长18%；其中，个人文化和娱乐服务，知识产权使用费，电信计算机和信息服务出口分别增长35%、26.9%、22.3%，显示出较强的出口竞争力。?

... the export competitiveness of China’s knowledge-intensive services improved considerably. Covid-19 has profoundly affected people’s life and work, fueling the surge in online services provision and consumption, such as audiovisual services, healthcare, education and online retail. The wide adoption of digital payment creates space for the rapid growth of knowledge-intensive trade in services. In 2021, it was up 18%. In breakdown, personal culture and entertainment services, intellectual property royalties, and telecommunications, computer and information services exports were up 35%, 26.9% and 22.3%, demonstrating strong export competitiveness.?

• 多层级沟通渠道 / multi-tiered communication channel?

- 8月28日，王文涛部长与雷蒙多部长举行会谈，达成了具体务实的成果。中美双方同意在两国商务部之间建立多层级沟通渠道，加强在经贸领域的沟通。一是王文涛部长与雷蒙多部长同意保持经常性沟通，遇到重要问题及时直接讨论，每年至少会见一次。二是双方将成立由副部长级和司局级官员组成的工作组，每年将举行两场副部长级会议，并邀请双方企业代表参加。工作组将聚焦两国工商界关切，致力于共同探讨解决具体商业问题的办法。三是双方启动了出口管制信息交流机制，作为解释各自出口管制制度和改善沟通的机制。双方将按照各自法律，就出口管制信息进行交流。机制将有助于两国政府加强对彼此出口管制政策的了解和沟通，表达双方企业关切。上述沟通渠道的建立，为两国商务部门就各自关注的经贸问题开展机制化、常态化讨论提供了重要平台，是双方稳定中美经贸关系、努力为工商界开展务实合作营造良好环境的重要举措。?

On August 28 [2023], Minister Wang Wentao and Secretary Raimondo held talks and reached specific and practical outcomes. China and the US agreed to establish multi-tiered communication channels between the commerce authorities to strengthen communication on the trade and economic front. First, Minister Wang Wentao and Secretary Raimondo agreed to stay in regular communication with timely and direct discussion on important issues and meet at least once a year. Second, the two sides will set up a working group with US and Chinese officials at Vice Minister and DG levels, which will meet twice a year at the Vice Minister level and involve business representatives from both sides. The working group will focus on the concerns of the two business communities and commit itself to exploring solutions to specific commercial issues. Third, the two sides launched an export control information exchange as a mechanism for explaining respective export control regimes and improving communication. The two sides will conduct exchanges on export control in accordance with their respective laws. The mechanism will help both governments strengthen understanding of and communication on each other’s export control policies and express business communities’ concerns. The establishment of these communication channels provides important platforms for the commerce authorities of both sides to have institutionalized and regular discussions on trade and economic issues of concern. It is a major move to stabilize Sino-US commercial relations and create an enabling environment for practical cooperation between the two countries’ business communities.?

• 高质量高技术高附加值 / high-quality, high-tech and high value-added?

- 。。。从产品看，高质量高技术高附加值产品出口竞争力增强。?

From the perspective of products, the export competitiveness of high-quality, high-tech and high value-added products has increased.?

• 工作组 / working group?

Current quote:

- 8月28日，王文涛部长与雷蒙多部长举行会谈，达成了具体务实的成果。... 双方将成立由副部长级和司局级官员组成的工作组，每年将举行两场副部长级会议，并邀请双方企业代表参加。工作组将聚焦两国工商界关切，致力于共同探讨解决具体商业问题的办法。?

On August 28 [2023], Minister Wang Wentao and Secretary Raimondo held talks and reached specific and practical outcomes. ...the two sides will set up a working group with US and Chinese officials at Vice Minister and DG levels, which will meet twice a year at the Vice Minister level and involve business representatives from both sides. The working group will focus on the concerns of the two business communities and commit itself to exploring solutions to specific commercial issues.?

Previous PRC history of the term:

- 中国支持缔约国共同落实《禁止生物武器公约》第九次审议大会成果，推动加强《禁止生物武器公约》工作组取得实质成果，不断强化公约机制，重启公约核查议定书多边谈判。?

China supports States Parties in jointly implementing the outcomes of the Ninth Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Convention and facilitating substantive outcomes achieved by the working group on the strengthening of the Convention. China supports strengthening the Convention mechanism by resuming multilateral negotiations on a Convention verification protocol.?

- 苏丹局势突变以来，党中央十分牵挂在苏中国公民安全。 ... 目前，外交部已派出工作组赴前方开展工作，第一批人员已安全撤至苏丹邻国。

The Chinese Foreign Ministry has dispatched a working group to Sudan and the first batch of Chinese personnel have been safely evacuated to Sudan’s neighboring country.? Since abrupt changes took place in the situation in Sudan, the safety of our overseas compatriots have been in the thoughts of the CPC Central Committee. ...?

- 目前，中国已与52个非洲国家及非盟委员会签署“一带一路”合作文件，并在贸易畅通、投资合作、产能合作、电子商务等领域共同设立多个专项工作组。?

As of today [July 3, 2023], China has signed Belt and Road cooperation documents with 52 African countries as well as the AU Commission, and set up working groups in areas of trade connectivity, investment cooperation, industrial capacity cooperation and e-commerce.?

- 中国国防部工作组近期赴印度参加上海合作组织国防部国际军事合作部门会议，积极宣介中共二十大精神，深入阐释全球安全倡议，并就深化上合组织防务合作提出意见建议。

Recently a working group of the Ministry of National Defense visited India to participate in a meeting of international military cooperation departments of the defense ministries of SCO member states. They actively introduced the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress, elaborated the Global Security Initiative in depth, and provided opinions and suggestions on deepening SCO defense cooperation.?

• 关于进一步优化外商投资环境加大吸引外商投资力度的意见 / Opinions to Further Optimize the Environment for Foreign Investment and Increase Efforts to Attract Foreign Investment (released by the State Council on July 25, 2023)?

- 近期中国国务院出台《关于进一步优化外商投资环境加大吸引外商投资力度的意见》，提出了6方面24条政策措施，目的就是为外国投资者营造更加优化的投资环境。目前，商务部正会同各部门、各地方抓紧推动落地见效。?

Recently, the State Council announced 24 policy measures in 6 categories in the Opinions to Further Optimize the Environment for Foreign Investment and Increase Efforts to Attract Foreign Investment to create a more favourable investment environment for foreign investors. At present, MOFCOM is working with related departments and localities to deliver the measures.?

• 机制化 / institutionalize?

Current quote:

- 8月28日，王文涛部长与雷蒙多部长举行会谈，达成了具体务实的成果。中美双方同意在两国商务部之间建立多层级沟通渠道，加强在经贸领域的沟通。...上述沟通渠道的建立，为两国商务部门就各自关注的经贸问题开展机制化、常态化讨论提供了重要平台，是双方稳定中美经贸关系、努力为工商界开展务实合作营造良好环境的重要举措。?

On August 28 [2023], Minister Wang Wentao and Secretary Raimondo held talks and reached specific and practical outcomes. China and the US agreed to establish multi-tiered communication channels between the commerce authorities to strengthen communication on the trade and economic front. ... The establishment of these communication channels provides important platforms for the commerce authorities of both sides to have institutionalized and regular discussions on trade and economic issues of concern. It is a major move to stabilize Sino-US commercial relations and create an enabling environment for practical cooperation between the two countries’ business communities.?

Previous PRC history of the term:

- 我们要发挥两国人文交流全方位、多层次、机制化发展优势，继续推动文化、旅游、教育、体育、媒体、高校、地方、青年等领域交流合作，让中非友好合作精神在中国和非洲的广袤大地上进一步传承和发扬。?

We need to leverage the all-round, multi-tiered and institutionalized mechanisms for people-to-people exchanges between our two countries, and continue to advance exchanges and cooperation in culture, tourism, education, sports, media, universities, sub-national governments and the youth. We must keep the spirit of China-Africa friendship and cooperation as alive and strong as ever across the vast lands of China and Africa.?

- 6月7日，外交部涉外安全事务司司长白天同伊朗外交部部长助理兼南亚总司长穆萨维、巴基斯坦外交部反恐司司长哈米德在北京共同举行首次中国-巴基斯坦-伊朗三方司局级反恐安全磋商。 ... 三方就地区反恐形势、共同打击跨境恐怖分子等问题深入交换意见，并决定机制化举行三方反恐安全磋商。

?On June 7 [2023], Director-General Bai Tian of the Department of External Security of China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs held in Beijing the first meeting of the China-Pakistan-Iran trilateral consultation on counter-terrorism and security at directors general level with Seyed Rasoul Mosavi, Assistant to the Foreign Minister and Director General of South Asia of Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Abdul Hameed, Director General on Counter Terrorism of Pakistan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs.?

- 我们制定和实施了核安全中长期规划，完善国家核安全法规体系，正在制定国家核安全条例，扎实推进核安全工作机制化、法制化。?

We have adopted and implemented a medium- and long-term program on nuclear security and improved the legal framework, and we are in the process of drafting national regulations with a view to putting nuclear security endeavor on an institutional and legal footing.?

• 监管执法 / regulatory enforcement?

Current quote:

- 两国部长在会谈中就彼此关心的经贸领域问题开展了理性、务实、专业的深入交流。中方就美对华301关税、半导体政策、双向投资限制、歧视性补贴、制裁中国企业等议题表达严正关切，并要求美方在市场准入、监管执法、公共采购、政策支持等方面平等对待在美投资的中国企业，为中国企业提供公平、公正、透明的营商环境。?

During the talks [between Minister Wang Wentao and Secretary Raimondo US Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo who visited China from August 27 to 30. 2023] , the two ministers had rational, pragmatic and professional in-depth exchanges on economic and trade issues of each other’s concern. China expressed grave concerns over the Section 301 tariff, semiconductor policy, two-way investment restrictions, discriminatory subsidies and sanctions against Chinese companies, and demanded that the US equally treat Chinese companies investing in the US in terms of market access, regulatory enforcement, public procurement and policy support, and provide a fair, just and transparent business environment for Chinese companies.?

Previous PRC history of the term:

- 在安全生产领域强化监管执法，不间断开展明查暗访、突击检查、随机抽查，全面排查各类风险隐患。?

In order to ensure workplace safety, the government has enhanced supervisory inspections to seek out hidden hazards and dangers through regular open and secret visits, unannounced investigations, and random checks.?

- 完善和落实安全生产责任、管理制度和考核机制，实行党政同责、一岗双责，加大失职追责力度，严格监管执法，坚决遏制重特大安全事故发生，切实保障人民生命财产安全。?

We will improve and implement the system of accountability, management, and evaluation for workplace safety to ensure that both CPC committees and governments are held accountable and that officials take responsibility for workplace safety in performing their duties, and intensify efforts to see that those who fail to uphold safety standards are held accountable. We will tighten oversight and law enforcement to guard against and prevent the occurrence of major workplace accidents and protect the lives and property of our people.?

• 交易团 / trade mission?

Current quote:

- ... 深化服务贸易务实合作。重点突出国际合作和线下活动，继续组织交易团参展参会，有望达成更多务实成果。?

... it [the? China International Fair for Trade in Services (CIFTIS)] will deepen practical cooperation on services trade, with a focus on international cooperation and on-site activities and continued participation of trading missions for more practical outcomes.?

Previous PR history of the term:

- 企业展招商方面，利用大数据强化专业招商，首次面向参展商和相关单位定向邀请专业观众，已组建39个交易团、近600个分团。?

On attracting buyers, we use big data to target more professional buyers. This year, for the first time, we send invitations to professional visitors from exhibiting companies and relevant entities. So far, 39 trade missions and nearly 600 sub-missions have been set up.?

• 去风险 / de-risk?

Current quote:

- 我们认为，最好的“去风险”方式就是回到两国元首巴厘岛会晤共识，使中美经贸关系重回健康、稳定发展轨道，更好发挥双边经贸关系“压舱石”作用，稳定企业预期，增强企业开展贸易投资合作信心。?

We believe that the best derisking is to return to the two presidents’ consensus in Bali and bring Sino-US trade and economic relationship back to a healthy and stable track to tap its role of ballast, stabilize business expectations, and boost business confidence in trade and investment. ?

Previous PRC history of the term:

- 中方认为，防风险和合作不是对立的，不合作才是最大的风险，不发展才是最大的不安全。一些国家针对中国“去风险”是搞错了对象，只会制造真正的风险。?

China believes that de-risking and cooperation are not opposites. The biggest risk stems from non-cooperation and the biggest hidden security threat is non-development. Anyone seeking to “de-risk” against China is getting their target wrong and will only create real risks.?

- 据报道，欧盟外交与安全政策高级代表博雷利12日在欧盟外长非正式会议后表示，欧盟成员国外长支持“重新校准”对华战略，继续将中国视为全球性问题合作伙伴和经济竞争者。欧盟在坚持对华“三重定位”时，应加强对华竞争。“去风险”意味重新审视欧中经济关系，目的不是对华经济“脱钩”，而是重新平衡欧中关系。?

According to reports, EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell said on May 12 after the informal meeting of foreign affairs ministers (Gymnich) that foreign ministers gave broad backing to the EU’s planned re-calibration of its strategy on China while continuing also to see Beijing both as a partner on global issues and an economic competitor. Borrell stressed that the EU, while sticking to the the triptych of rival, partner and competitor, has to compete with China. He said that de-risking means to review economic relations with China and the aim is not to “de-couple” the European and Chinese economies but to rebalance the relationship.?

- 中方始终从战略高度和长远角度看待中欧关系，视欧洲为全面战略伙伴，对欧政策保持稳定连续。中方对欧方不赞成零和博弈的表态表示赞赏，同时我们认为，“伙伴、竞争者、制度性对手”的“三重定位”本身就自相矛盾。事实上，中欧双方有着广泛共同利益，合作大于竞争，共识多于分歧。我们希望欧方摘下意识形态的有色眼镜，排除外部干扰，坚持战略自主，形成独立、客观的对华认知，奉行积极理性的对华政策，这最符合欧洲利益。中方已多次强调，所谓“去风险”是伪命题，中欧经贸合作基础好、成果多、潜力大，双方是相互依赖、互利共赢的关系，中国是欧盟应对风险挑战的重要伙伴。希望欧方为中方企业提供公平、非歧视性的营商环境，避免将经贸问题政治化、安全化。?

China always views its relations with Europe from a strategic height and long-term perspective. We see Europe as a comprehensive strategic partner and follows a Europe policy featuring stability and continuity. While appreciating the EU’s statement of not subscribing to zero-sum game, we see its perception of China — the triptych of rival, partner and competitor — as self-contradictory. In fact, China and Europe have broad common interests with cooperation and consensus far surpassing competition and disagreements. We hope the European side will not be biased by ideological difference, rise above external disruption, uphold strategic autonomy, form its independent and objective perception of China, and adopt a positive and rational China policy. This best serves its interests. As the Chinese side has stressed repeatedly, the “de-risking” rhetoric is based on a false narrative. China-Europe economic and trade cooperation enjoys a sound foundation, fruitful outcomes and enormous potential. The dependencies are mutual and our cooperation is mutually beneficial. China can be an important partner for the EU in the face of risks and challenges. We hope the European side will provide a fair and non-discriminatory business environment for Chinese companies and avoid politicizing economic and trade issues or approaching them from an untenable security angle.?

- 当地时间5月9日，秦刚国务委员兼外长在柏林同德国外长贝尔伯克举行会谈并共同会见记者。此访主要目的是为即将举行的第七轮中德政府磋商做准备。 。。。 秦刚国务委员指出，中方对德方、欧方不搞对华脱钩的表态表示赞赏，但对欧方声称的“去风险”表示关切。中国对外输出的是机遇不是危机，是合作不是对抗，是稳定不是动荡，是保险不是风险。如果以“去风险”之名行去中国化之实，那就是在去机遇、去合作、去稳定、去发展。中德、中欧双方都应遵守国际贸易规则和契约精神，保持相互开放，不要把正常的经贸投资合作政治化，不要人为干预市场行为。?

On May 9 [2023] local time, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Qin Gang held talks and jointly met the press with German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock in Berlin. The main purpose of this visit is to prepare for the upcoming seventh round of China-Germany intergovernmental consultation. ... State Councilor Qin noted that while China appreciates Germany and the EU’s statements of not aiming for decoupling from China, China is, however, concerned about what the EU said about “de-risking”. What China brings to the world are opportunities, cooperation, stability and reassurance, not crises, confrontation, turmoil or risks. To ditch China in the name of “de-risking” is to throw away opportunities, cooperation, stability and development. It is essential that China, Germany and the EU all abide by international trade rules and honor the spirit of contract, stay open to each other, refrain from politicizing normal economic, trade and investment cooperation and do not interfere in market mechanisms.?

• 社交电商 / social e-commerce?

- ... 从业态看，外贸发展的新动能加快释放。。。。跨境电商主体超10万家、各类产业园区近700个，直播电商、社交电商等新模式不断涌现，成为外贸企业和产品出海的重要渠道。?

From the perspective of business forms, the new driving forces for foreign trade development are released at a faster pace. ... There are nearly 700 industrial parks of all kinds. New models such as live streaming e-commerce and social e-commerce continue to emerge, becoming an important channel for exports.?

• 市场化、法治化、国际化 / market-oriented, law-based and internationalized?

Current quote:

- 中国始终坚持改革开放的基本国策，始终致力于打造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境。?

China is committed to its basic state policy of reform and opening up and works to build a market-oriented, law-based and world-class business environment.?

Previous PRC history of the term:

- 中国坚定推进高水平对外开放，始终致力于打造市场化、法治化、国际化营商环境。只要遵守中国法律法规要求，我们欢迎任何国家的企业和产品进入中国市场。?

We are firmly committed to advancing high-level opening up and fostering a market-oriented, law-based and internationalized business environment. Foreign companies and their products are welcome to the Chinese market as long as they abide by Chinese laws and regulations.?

• 市场准入 / market access?

Current quote:

- 两国部长在会谈中就彼此关心的经贸领域问题开展了理性、务实、专业的深入交流。中方就美对华301关税、半导体政策、双向投资限制、歧视性补贴、制裁中国企业等议题表达严正关切，并要求美方在市场准入、监管执法、公共采购、政策支持等方面平等对待在美投资的中国企业，为中国企业提供公平、公正、透明的营商环境。?

During the talks [between Minister Wang Wentao and Secretary Raimondo US Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo who visited China from August 27 to 30. 2023] , the two ministers had rational, pragmatic and professional in-depth exchanges on economic and trade issues of each other’s concern. China expressed grave concerns over the Section 301 tariff, semiconductor policy, two-way investment restrictions, discriminatory subsidies and sanctions against Chinese companies, and demanded that the US equally treat Chinese companies investing in the US in terms of market access, regulatory enforcement, public procurement and policy support, and provide a fair, just and transparent business environment for Chinese companies.?

Previous PRC history of the term:

- 完善产权保护、市场准入、公平竟争、社会信用等市场经济基础制度，优化营商环境。?

We will refine the systems underpinning the market economy, such as those for property rights protection, market access, fair competition, and social credit, in order to improve the business environment.?

- 全面实施市场准入负面清单制度，清理废除妨碍统一市场和公平竞争的各种规定和做法，支持民营企业发展，激发各类市场主体活力。?

We will introduce a negative list for market access nationwide, sort through and do away with regulations and practices that impede the development of a unified market and fair competition, support the growth of private businesses, and stimulate the vitality of various market entities.?

- 实行高水平的贸易和投资自由化便利化政策，全面实行准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度，大幅度放宽市场准入，扩大服务业对外开放，保护外商投资合法权益。?

We will expand foreign trade, develop new models and new forms of trade, and turn China into a trader of quality. We will adopt policies to promote high-standard liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment; we will implement the system of pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list across the board, significantly ease market access, further open the service sector, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investors.?

• 世界500强 / Global [Fortune] 500?

Current quote:

- 共有2400余家企业线下参展，其中世界500强和行业龙头企业500多家，展览展示总规模15.5万平方米，均超过上届。?

A total of 2400 companies will attend [the? China International Fair for Trade in Services (CIFTIS) ] on site, including over 500 Fortune Global 500 companies and industry champions, with a exhibition area of 155,000 square meters, all greater than the last edition. The exhibitors are more global and specialized.?

- 本届服贸会的主题是“服务合作促发展绿色创新迎未来”。截至9月1日，已有72个国家和国际组织设展办会，其中10个国家首次以国家名义设展。此外，包括世界500强及行业龙头企业在内的2400多家企业线下参展。?

The theme of the 2022 CIFTIS is “cooperate for better development, innovate for a greener future”. As of September 1, 72 countries and international organizations have set up booths to participate in the fair, of which ten are setting up national booths for the first time. Besides, over 2,400 companies participate in the exhibition offline, including Global Fortune 500 companies and industry-leading enterprises.?

- 昨天，李克强总理同近30家世界500强公司负责人围绕创新发展、绿色低碳转型、跨国公司在华发展新机遇等议题深入互动交流。?

Yesterday December 15, 2021], Premier Li Keqiang had in-depth interactions and discussions with business leaders of nearly 30 Fortune Global 500 companies on innovation-driven development, green and low-carbon transition, and multinational companies’ new development opportunities in China.?

- 进博会自举办以来，“成绩单”十分亮眼，意向成交额连年增长，成为全球企业共享中国巨大市场机遇的重要窗口。本届进博会参展国家和企业数量均创新高，其中世界500强和行业龙头企业“回头率”超过80%。?

Since the inception of the China International Import Expo (CIIE), it has yielded impressive results with intended deals increasing for years running. The CIIE thus enables global enterprises to share the huge market opportunities in China. The number of countries and companies that joined the expo this year hit record highs. More than 80 percent of Fortune Global 500 companies and industry leaders took part in the expo for at least the second time.?

- 企业招展方面，坚持综合性组展、专业化办展，展览面积超过36万平方米，签约参展企业数量超过去年，特装率达到95.9%，世界500强和行业龙头企业参展踊跃，回头率超过80%，高于上届水平，境外中小企业组团参展企业数增加30%。?

On attracting exhibitors for the Business Exhibition, we remain committed to making the CIIE a comprehensive and professional trade fair. The exhibition area totals over 360,000 square meters, with more companies signing up for the this year’s exhibition than last year. Special exhibition booths are demanded by 95.9% of the exhibitors. Fortune Global 500 companies and leading industry players have shown a strong interest in participation, over 80% of whom are returning exhibitors, a rate higher than that of the previous session. The number of foreign small and medium-sized enterprises organized in groups has increased by 30%.?

• 数字化供应链 / digital supply chain?

- 广大经营主体坚持苦练内功，通过加大研发投入、专注细分市场、整合产业资源、建立数字化供应链等，抓机遇谋发展，展现出了强大的韧性和创造力。?

Business entities seized opportunities for development by increasing research and development investment, focusing on market segmentation, integrating industrial resources, and establishing digital supply chains. They have shown great resilience and creativity.?

• 司局 / director general, DG?

Current quote:

- 8月28日，王文涛部长与雷蒙多部长举行会谈，达成了具体务实的成果。... 双方将成立由副部长级和司局级官员组成的工作组，每年将举行两场副部长级会议，并邀请双方企业代表参加。?

On August 28 [2023], Minister Wang Wentao and Secretary Raimondo held talks and reached specific and practical outcomes. ...the two sides will set up a working group with US and Chinese officials at Vice Minister and DG levels, which will meet twice a year at the Vice Minister level and involve business representatives from both sides.?

- 6月7日，外交部涉外安全事务司司长白天同伊朗外交部部长助理兼南亚总司长穆萨维、巴基斯坦外交部反恐司司长哈米德在北京共同举行首次中国-巴基斯坦-伊朗三方司局级反恐安全磋商。。。。双方将成立由副部长级和司局级官员组成的工作组，每年将举行两场副部长级会议，并邀请双方企业代表参加。?

On June 7 [2023], Director-General Bai Tian of the Department of External Security of China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs held in Beijing the first meeting of the China-Pakistan-Iran trilateral consultation on counter-terrorism and security at directors general level with Seyed Rasoul Mosavi, Assistant to the Foreign Minister and Director General of South Asia of Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Abdul Hameed, Director General on Counter Terrorism of Pakistan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. the two sides will set up a working group with US and Chinese officials at Vice Minister and DG levels, which will meet twice a year at the Vice Minister level and involve business representatives from both sides.?

• 细分市场 / market segmentation; market segment?

- 广大经营主体坚持苦练内功，通过加大研发投入、专注细分市场、整合产业资源、建立数字化供应链等，抓机遇谋发展，展现出了强大的韧性和创造力。?

Business entities seized opportunities for development by increasing research and development investment, focusing on market segmentation, integrating industrial resources, and establishing digital supply chains. They have shown great resilience and creativity.?

• 相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢 / mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation (as principles proposed by Xi Jinping for China-US relations)?

Current quote:

- 中方愿与美方共同努力，秉持相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢的原则，积极落实此次访问期间达成的共识，加强沟通协调，推动解决两国企业遇到的具体经贸问题，为两国工商界加强合作创造良好政策环境，为全球经济复苏增长注入更多确定性。?

China is willing to work together with the United States to uphold the principles of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation, actively implement the consensus reached during this visit, strengthen communication and coordination, seek to solve specific economic and trade issues encountered by enterprises, create a good policy environment for the business communities of the two countries to strengthen cooperation, and give more certainty into global economic recovery and growth.?

Previous PRC history of the term:

- 中方始终按照习近平主席提出的相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢三原则看待和发展中美关系，主张推动构建中美正确相处之道，同时坚定捍卫自身主权安全发展利益。?

China views and grows its relations with the US in accordance with the three principles of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation as proposed by President Xi Jinping, and calls for establishing the right way forward for bilateral relations. At the same time, we will firmly defend our sovereignty, security and development interests.?

- 美方应秉持相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢的原则，把拜登总统“四不一无意”的表态落实到行动上，与中方相向而行，推动中美关系重回健康稳定发展轨道。?

The US needs to follow the principle of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation, follow through on President Biden’s “five-noes” commitment, and work with China to bring China-US relations back onto the track of sound and steady development.?

- 如果说过去50年国际关系中一个最重要的事件是中美关系恢复和发展，造福了两国和世界，那么未来50年国际关系中最重要的事情就是中美必须找到正确的相处之道。这其中的关键，就是习近平总书记提出的相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢。?

If the most important event in international relations over the past 50 years was the rebuilding and development of China-U.S. relations, which has benefited both countries and the rest of the world, then the most important thing in international relations over the next 50 years will be that the two countries find the right way to get along. The key to doing so is mutual respect, peaceful coexistence, and win-win cooperation, as pointed out by General Secretary Xi Jinping.?

- 展望未来，双方应当重拾融冰初心，重整行装出发，用相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢的“三原则”替代竞争、合作、对抗的“三分法”，推动美国对华政策重回理性务实的正轨，推动中美关系重回健康稳定的正道。?

Looking ahead, the two sides need to re-embrace the conviction that helped us break the ice 50 years ago and set out on a new journey. We must replace the “competitive-collaborative-adversarial” trichotomy with the three principles of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation, return the China policy of the US to the right track guided by reason and pragmatism, and to put China-US relations back on the right path of healthy and stable development.?

• 新三样 / three new products (for export: electric vehicles 电动汽车, photovoltaic 光伏, and lithium batteries 锂电池)?

Current quote:

- 以新能源汽车、光伏产品、锂电池为代表的“新三样”出口保持强劲，1-7月合计增长了51%。?

Exports of the new energy vehicles, photovoltaic products and lithium-ion batteries remained robust, with a combined increase of 51% from January to July.?

Previous PRC history of the term:

- 上半年电动汽车、锂电池、太阳能电池“新三样”出口合计同比增长61.6%。?

In the first half of this year [2023], the combined export of electric cars, lithium batteries and solar panels increased by 61.6 percent year-on-year, demonstrating the strong resilience of China’s foreign trade.?

- 电动汽车、光伏、锂电池等“新三样”竞争优势持续释放，一季度合计出口增长66.9%，拉动我出口整体增速2个百分点。?

Electric vehicles, photovoltaic, and lithium batteries remain competitive, with combined exports up 66.9% in the first quarter, contributing 2 percentage points to overall export growth.?

- 电动汽车、光伏、动力电池等“新三样”产品集中亮相，吸引了大批采购商询价洽谈。?

The three “new” products such as electric vehicles, photovoltaic products and power batteries have been collectively unveiled, attracting a large number of buyers to make inquiries and negotiate.?

• 直播电商 / live streaming e-commerce?

Current quote:

- ... 从业态看，外贸发展的新动能加快释放。。。。跨境电商主体超10万家、各类产业园区近700个，直播电商、社交电商等新模式不断涌现，成为外贸企业和产品出海的重要渠道。?

From the perspective of business forms, the new driving forces for foreign trade development are released at a faster pace. ... There are nearly 700 industrial parks of all kinds. New models such as live streaming e-commerce and social e-commerce continue to emerge, becoming an important channel for exports.?

Previous PRC history of the term:

- 推进即时零售、直播电商、云展会等新模式健康发展、拓展沉浸式交互式购物体验。?

We will promote the healthy development of instant-delivery online retail, live streaming e-commerce, cloud exhibitions, and other new business models, and we will open up new fronts for immersive and interactive shopping experiences.?

- 着力推动电子商务高质量发展、积极引导直播电商、即时电商等新模式新业态发展。?

We will make progress in advancing the high-quality development of e-commerce and provide active guidance to the development of new models and forms of business such as live streaming e-commerce and instant-delivery e-commerce.

- 我们将积极发展新型消费，加快培育直播电商、生鲜电商等新业态和新模式，积极打造“双品网购节”等消费升级平台，丰富网上消费内容与场景。?

We will promote new types of consumption, foster new business models more rapidly, such as live-stream e-commerce and fresh food e-commerce, and build consumption upgrading platforms such as the Brand and Quality Shopping Festival to enrich items and scenarios of online consumption.?

Read in parallel: https://tinyurl.com/4rafaap9

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