Seasonal Challenges: How Solar Energy Works in Winter for the Agricultural Sector

Sergiy Zinkevych, specialist in solar energy, COO of SUNSAY NRG.

Solar energy provides the agricultural sector with an alternative power source, helping to meet energy needs partially. However, its use during winter comes with specific considerations.

Let’s explore the key challenges and benefits of using solar panels during colder months and discuss ways to enhance the efficiency of solar power plants (SPPs) in this period.

What are the main challenges of solar energy generation in winter?

The primary challenge in winter is the shorter daylight hours, which last only about 8 hours compared to 16 hours in summer. This significantly limits the active energy generation time.

Additionally, cloudy weather reduces the number of sunny days. Energy generation can be uneven — for instance, a solar power plant might generate its entire winter quota during a few sunny days within the month. On average, the productivity of solar panels from November to February accounts for approximately 15% of their annual output.

Why is it still worth using SPPs in winter?

Despite these challenges, solar energy has its advantages during winter:

1. Energy generation occurs even in low temperatures. Solar panels absorb light rather than heat, meaning electricity is produced as long as sunlight reaches the panels.
2. Cold weather boosts equipment efficiency. Overheating reduces performance, so cooler conditions are actually beneficial. Modern solar panels also come with high levels of protection (IP65), making them resistant to rain, snow, frost, and strong winds.
3. Winter is an ideal time for installation. Lower demand for installation services can accelerate project timelines. Additionally, the gradual increase in energy generation from late February ensures optimal performance in the first year of operation.

Our company has experience working with agricultural enterprises. We've implemented projects for solar power plants serving grain mills and storage facilities, as well as meat processing plants that use the energy for internal production processes.

In terms of return on investment, our earliest projects have already paid off fully. Others are in the process of recouping costs and showing positive trends.

Enhancing SPP efficiency during the winter

Despite shorter daylight hours, there are ways to optimize solar power plant performance:

• Adjusting panel angles. For ground-based stations, panels can be tilted more steeply in winter to better capture the sun’s lower trajectory.
• Automated tracking systems. These systems optimize panel positioning but can increase overall project costs by 30-50%. However, manual angle adjustments are also an option.
• Energy storage systems. Batteries can store excess energy generated on sunny days for use at night or during overcast periods.

Integrating SPPs with other energy sources, such as wind turbines on the same agricultural site, can smooth out seasonal fluctuations in energy generation. This is particularly valuable for businesses requiring uninterrupted power supply.

Winter maintenance of solar power plants

Regular inspections and maintenance are essential during winter, as losing even a single day of energy generation can impact cost savings significantly.

Winter conditions, such as strong winds and ice buildup, can place additional strain on structures. Inspections of frames, mounts, inverters, and electrical connections help identify potential issues early and prevent operational disruptions.

Snow and ice accumulation on panels is another concern. Manual cleaning is not always advisable due to the risk of damaging the protective surface. The best approach is to allow panels to warm naturally; during operation, they emit heat that quickly melts snow and ice.

Additionally, planned maintenance, such as equipment replacement or upgrades, is best carried out during the winter when energy generation is at its lowest. This minimizes the impact on the plant’s overall productivity.

Conclusion

While the winter season poses challenges, solar energy remains a profitable investment for the agricultural sector. With proper planning, regular maintenance, and the integration of diverse energy sources, businesses can ensure stable operations even in the coldest months of the year.