Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), more recently known as major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern, mostly affects people in the winter months. However, some people can experience it in the summer. As days grow shorter and the weather turns colder in winter, many people find themselves feeling a little down. But for some people, this sadness is more than just a passing feeling and is actually a symptom of SAD.

SAD is a recurrent major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern. It usually begins in the fall and continues into the winter months. Individuals tend to then experience a stable mood during spring and summer. However, SAD can sometimes involve depression in the spring or early summer instead.

SAD typically affects people living in higher, more northern latitudes, with younger people and females more at risk.

The causes of summer SAD are not always clear, and evidence is scarce, although it seems logical that melatonin levels play a role. People with SAD may also have reduced levels of serotonin, a chemical that helps regulate mood. The changes in melatonin and serotonin could affect a person’s daily circadian rhythms, and they may have trouble adjusting to seasonal changes.

Other potential causes include allergies. Airborne pollen levels can affect mood of an individual.

Additionally, summer can bring challenges that could affect an individual’s mood and mental health. For example, individuals with body image concerns may find that summer’s hotter months and lighter clothing trigger anxiety and worry.

The longer daylight hours, shorter nights, and increased temperatures can also cause sleep disruptions. As a result, people may not sleep as well as they need to for optimal mood and health. Together, these factors could contribute to summer SAD.

symptoms of summer SAD include irritability, reduced appetite, weight loss, insomnia, agitation, restlessness, anxiety, and episodes of violent behaviour

Doctors have not yet established optimal treatment for summer SAD, Treatment for winter SAD typically includes a combination of antidepressant medication, light therapy, Vitamin D supplements, and counseling such as cognitive behavioral therapy.

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