Se#8 Handling New Window and Frame

What is covered in this article?

1. Handling new window
2. Handling frame in webpage

Handling new window?

Scenario 1 - Suppose you are working on application where when you click on some link it will open another application or page in new window or new tab. In Selenium when you perform click operation in application where it has opened new window or new tab, control of webdriver instance stays on first window. If we need to do something on new tab/window then we need to switch to that window and then we can perform webdriver actions.

Scenario 2 - We need to test a value in two different application, for example price of certain product on two different website. One approach is that we can launch one website get the price and then open another website in same window and then get price. Another option is we can open two website in separate window perform action while both application are opened.

We are going to see how to do such things using Selenium. Consider below simple application - https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/windows

When I click on Click Here on 1st screen it opens another tab having page title "New Window". We have to print the the title of second window.?

Before automating above example, lets first understand methods which will be used. Selenium provides nested interface in WebDriver which is WebDriver.TargetLocator. It is used to locate a given frame or window.?

Below are code snippet to demonstrate use of above methods?

public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/selenium-learning/src/main/resources/chromedriver7");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/windows");


//This returns current window handle
String currentWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();
System.out.println("Current window handle:" + currentWindow);


System.out.println("Available window handles before click");
Set<String> windowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
for(String handle : windowHandles)
System.out.println(handle);


driver.findElement(By.linkText("Click Here")).click();
System.out.println("Title before switching driver: "+driver.getTitle());


//Get handles of opened window
windowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
System.out.println("Available window handles after click");
for(String handle : windowHandles)
System.out.println(handle);


//Switching to new window
for(String handle : windowHandles){
if(handle!=currentWindow)
driver.switchTo().window(handle);
}
System.out.println("Title after switching driver to new window: "+driver.getTitle());


//Code to open new application in new tab from script
driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB).get("https://www.google.co.in");


driver.quit();        

}        

Output:?

Difference between driver.close() and driver.quit()

1. close method only close current window where WebDriver has control.
2. quit method closes all windows opened by WebDriver instance.?

Handling frame in webpage

What is frame in a webpage?

As per Wikipedia - In the context of a?web browser, a?frame?is a part of a?web page?or browser?window?which displays content independent of its container, with the ability to load content independently.?

Link - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_(World_Wide_Web)

Automating element inside frame

Basically it is html inside html page, to automate anything which is inside frame we need to first switch to that frame then we can perform actions on that. Selenium provides below method which are part of interface WebDriver.TargetLocator?

Methods?

To demonstrate above methods lets automate this webpage - https://theinternet.herokuapp.com/iframe

We need to get text highlighted in green in below window-?

Lets look at its html code to confirm it is inside frame -?

Now we can see that it is inside iframe tag with id "mce_0_ifr".?

Below are code snippet to demonstrate use of above methods?

public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/selenium-learning/src/main/resources/chromedriver7");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/iframe");
//System.out.println(driver.findElement(By.xpath("https://p")).getText()); This line will give exception Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"xpath","selector":"https://p"} because we are out of that frame


//Switching to given frame using id
driver.switchTo().frame("mce_0_ifr");
System.out.println(driver.findElement(By.xpath("https://p")).getText());
driver.quit();        

}        

Note - If you need to switch to parent frame or default frame you need to use below 2 methods -

1. WebDriver parentFrame() - Change focus to the parent context.
2. WebDriver defaultContent() - Selects either the first frame on the page, or the main document when a page contains iframes.