Screen Time & Speech & Language Development

by Afreen Najeeb - Speech Therapist at Aman Lil Afia Clinic ????? ???? ???????

What is screen time, and how does it affect speech and language development in children?

Screen time refers to the amount of time spent in front of screens, including TVs, tablets, smartphones, and computers. Excessive screen time can potentially hinder speech and language development in children because it limits opportunities for face-to-face interaction and verbal communication, which are crucial for language acquisition.

What are some specific concerns or risks associated with excessive screen time in young children?

Too much screen time can delay speech and language development, reduce vocabulary acquisition, and impair communication skills. Studies show that higher screen use is associated with poorer language skills in toddlers. This can lead to later learning challenges.

• Children make sense of their world by experiencing words and concepts in real life. When they learn a new word on a screen, they don’t fully understand the word until they see, hold, feel, smell, and/or taste it.
• Screens limit the imagination because they provide only a set number of choices. In a child’s brain, the possibilities are endless.
• When we give toddlers screens to distract them from being upset, this can make it harder for them to learn how to express their feelings in a healthy way and manage their emotions.
• When we hand toddlers a screen to keep them occupied, they miss out on developing important social and behavioral skills—how to play by themselves, comfort themselves, and learn to wait and be patient.

How does screen time impact the quality of interactions between parents and children, and why is this important?

Screen time often replaces interactive activities such as talking, reading, and playing, which are vital for language development. When parents and caregivers interact less verbally with their children due to screens, it diminishes opportunities for language-rich experiences that support speech and language skills.

What recommendations do experts offer regarding screen time limits for young children?

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limiting screen time for children aged 2 to 5 to one hour per day of high-quality programming, and for children under 2, discouraging screen time altogether except for video chatting. They emphasize the importance of balanced activities that promote physical, cognitive, and social development.

What are some signs that a child's speech and language development might be affected by excessive screen time?

Signs include delayed speech milestones, limited vocabulary, difficulty in understanding or following instructions, and challenges in social interactions. Parents should consult with healthcare professionals if they have concerns about their child's language development.

How can parents and caregivers manage screen time effectively to support speech and language development?

• Keep the TV off as your child plays. Studies show parents and caregivers speak fewer words when the TV is on—even in the background. It also distracts kids from playing.
• Set clear rules about places and times to use screens. Use pictures or timers to help children understand the rules. These might include daily time limits or “screen-free” zones in the home—such as the playroom or living room—or screen-free times of day, such as meals or before bedtime.
• Opt for tech-free toys such as blocks, puppets, dolls, vehicles, and balls which can keep your child’s attention for hours and are more beneficial for all areas of their development.
• Minimize multi-tasking. If you are speaking to your child, put your phone down to allow yourself to make eye contact and listen fully—even if for just a moment.
• Don’t use screens to calm your child. Handing a child with a tablet or phone can make life easier at the moment but can create much bigger challenges when taken away. Letting children experience momentary periods of boredom, frustration, or sadness can help them learn to deal with these emotions productively.
• Co-view when using screens. Watch what your child is watching or play an on-screen game with them. Ask questions about what’s happening or what might happen next. Pause the screen and talk about the still image.
• Model healthy screen time habits. Set a good example and follow the rules you set in place for your child. Try putting devices to the side while talking to your child so you can be fully present as you communicate.