SAFETY CRITICAL ELEMENTS & PERFORMANCE STANDARD

Identifying Safety Critical Elements and establishing robust Performance standards for their effective management to ensure their availability across life cycle of a facility to prevent Major Accident Hazards Which poses MAR'S has the potential to cause MAE'S.

SCE include but are not limited to:

Equipment where loss of integrity could result in an escape of fluid under pressure or hazardous material with the potential to cause harm to people and/or the environment.

Structures supporting equipment where loss of integrity could result in an escape of hazardous material with the potential cause harm to people and/or the environment.

Integrity protection systems such as relief valves, instrumented protective systems and restriction orifices that protect the plant from loss of containment as a result of exceeding design conditions.

Area classification systems and procedures designed to prevent ignition in case of an escape of flammable material. This includes, amongst other equipment such as ventilation systems that may be necessary to maintain the correct area classification.

Detection equipment and systems designed to alert the operators of an escape of hazardous material and possibly to initiate various control actions.

Release control equipment and systems such as emergency shutdown, non-return valves and blow down, which are designed to limit the quantity of hazardous material involved in an incident.

Fire fighting equipment and systems.

Incident control equipment such as water sprays, foam systems and search and rescue equipment.

Personnel protective equipment for general use in an emergency such as breathing apparatus, fireman's gear, etc.

Equipment and systems designed to mitigate the consequences of fire and explosion such as fire walls, blast walls and passive fire protection.

Emergency power equipment and systems (emergency generators, switchgear, Un-interruptible Power Supplies (UPS), etc.)

Communications equipment and systems that alert people that an incident has occurred and which can be used to provide instruction as to further action. Equipment and systems that allow communication between emergency response teams and the emergency control center.

Equipment and systems that allow communication with external agencies that can provide assistance in dealing with the incident.

Equipment and systems that expedite the removal of people to a place of safety such as emergency lighting, escape routes and assembly point.

The Safety Critical Elements (SCE) of facilities are identified and developed based on:

Safety Assessments such as HAZID, HAZOP and QRA, supplemented by best practice agreed

HSE / Loss Prevention Philosophy

POTENTIAL MAJOR ACCIDENT HAZARD IDENTIFICATION:

Project Safety Assessments / Studies are used as the basis to identify the major accident hazards. The major hazards present are all associated with a potential significant loss of containment of process fluids/gases from the plant facilities i.e. a significant accidental release of hazardous material beyond its normal containment barriers with potential for fire or toxic impacts.

Loss of containment incidents could result in the release of flammable and / or toxic process gas, liquid or vapour dependent on the process conditions at the point of release.

Other major hazards could potentially result in impairment of escape routes and structural damage. Based on the Safety Studies (HAZID, QRA), the potential major hazards are identified and grouped as :

1. Loss of Containment – Potential fire / explosion / toxicity threat.

2. Structural damage 3. Occupational Risk

SAFETY CRITICAL ELEMENTS IDENTIFICATION

The Safety Critical Elements (SCEs) identified from the HSE Assessments / Study such as HAZID, HAZOP, QRA, & HSE related philosophies.

Safety critical elements such as Flammable Gas Detection, Toxic Gas Detection, Fire Detection, Manual Alarm Call Points,Emergency Shutdown System (ESD), Emergency Blow-down System, Flare Systems, Burn pits and Incinerators, Pressure Relief System, Firewater System, Open Drain System, Closed Drain System, Enclosure - Fire Extinguishing System, Fixed Fire Fighting System, Portable Fire Fighting Equipment, Passive Fire Protection, Safety Critical Buildings, Layout, Bunds, Control of Ignition Sources/Hazardous Area Classification, HVAC Systems, Earth Bonding, Fuel Gas Purge System, Chemical Injection Systems, Emergency Generator, Emergency Power - Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS), Emergency Escape Routes & Muster Areas, Emergency Telecommunications, Emergency/ Escape Lighting & Personal Protective Equipment.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD

Performance standards must be produced for all equipment and systems that:

Protect people and the environment from a major hazard involving fire, explosion and the release of toxic gases and fumes.

Ensure effective escape from affected areas of the site, evacuation of the site or transference of people to a place of safety.

The performance standard is a statement of the specification of equipment that reduces the risk to people from major accidents. Performance standards must be measurable and auditable.

A performance standard must include specifics relating to the performance of the equipment (also termed functionality), the required availability or reliability of the equipment (if relevant) and the requirements for protecting it in an emergency, until it has performed its function (also termed survivability). Performance standards are prepared for each identified Safety Critical Element (SCE).

TATA VENKATA SURYA PRAKASH