Safeguarding Critical Electronic Systems from EMP: Strategies and Solutions
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Critical electronic systems & Protection from EMP
What is EMP
An Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) is a burst of electromagnetic radiation, creating energy that can easily damage and destroy electronics. EMPs are rapid, invisible, and often unpredictable bursts of energy that is produced by a nuclear detonation, powerful natural solar events or EMP bombs. When exposed to EMP, permanent damages occur in electronic components, systems, and networks.
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Critical Electronic installations such as DATACENTER, SCADA systems of the electrical grid, electronics in critical infrastructure such as railways face existential threat from various EMP including manmade EMP, and natural EMP from a solar superstorm. Manmade EMP include high-altitude EMP (HEMP), Source Region EMP (SREMP) and Intentional Electromagnetic Interference EMP (IEMI).
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HEMP results from a nuclear detonation, typically occurring few 10’s of KMs above the Earth’s surface. HEMP could cause failure in electronics, widespread power outages, communication disruptions and possible damage to the electricity grid. SREMP is a burst of energy like HEMP but differs in that it is created when a nuclear weapon detonates at lower altitudes on or near the ground, as it would likely to be a case of an intentional nuclear attack. IEMI are created by Radio Frequency Weapons designed to produce sufficient electromagnetic energy to burn out or disrupt electronic components, systems and networks.
EMP in its various forms can cause widespread disruption and long-lasting damage to critical infrastructures such as the electronic devices and networks in communication systems, information technology equipment, and SCADA modules. Realizing the danger behind EMP, developed nations already started implementing HEMP protective measures for critical electronic system installations such as DATACENTER.
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Why Indian electrical installation practices need improvement to protect from EMP
The electrical systems in the facility should follow the rules and code of practices as a fundamental requirement for safety (eg. NFPA 70 in USA or BS7671 in UK). All other requirements such as the performance-based methodology for the DATACENTER (called as Tier 1 to tier 4) are followed in addition to the requirements of the rules and code of practices. Confusions and misinterpretation of the rules and codes often lead to violation of the basic safety requirements...Read more
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