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Suspicions of sabotage have been raised in relation to recent incidents in which underwater cables in the Baltic Sea were severed. After two telecom lines were severed in less than 48 hours, Nordic and German officials began to suspect "hybrid warfare" and possible Russian involvement. These occurrences fit into a larger trend of underwater sabotage in the area, which has previously experienced comparable disruptions.

What are Undersea communication cables?

Submarine cables, sometimes referred to as underwater cables, are essential for international communications. These cables are composed of several layers for both functionality and protection. Thin glass strands called optical fibers, which carry data as light signals, are found in the core. To shield the fibers from environmental elements and physical harm, layers of materials such as polyethylene, aluminum, and steel wire are placed around them. These cables are laid on the ocean floor by specialized vessels known as cable-layers. Careful planning is required to steer clear of hazards like shipwrecks and coral reefs. In shallow waters, high-pressure water jets dig a trench in which the cables are laid; in deeper waters, they rest on the seabed.

Lasers that emit light pulses are used to transfer data through the optical fibers. These pulses carry enormous volumes of data across continents as they move quickly through the glass fibers. In order to boost the signal and guarantee that it reaches its destination with minimal loss, repeaters are positioned along the cable.

When a cable breaks, repair ships are sent out to find and fix the problem. Relaying the cable may entail removing it from the ocean floor, fixing or replacing the damaged portion, and then reinstalling it.

Over 95% of international data traffic is carried by underwater cables, making them indispensable to the internet. They demonstrate how contemporary engineering has made it possible for people to connect globally.

Over 600 submarine cable systems will exist globally by 2024, of which 532 are presently operational and more are in the works. These cables form a vast network that enables data transfer and international communication, spanning almost 1.4 million kilometers worldwide.

Cybersecurity is combination of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. If any of it lagged because of malicious acts, it is known as cyber threat.

What is possible Reason Baltic Sea's Undersea communication cables suffered physical damage?

Last week, European governments reported that physical damage to underwater communication cables in the Baltic Sea may have been the result of Russian sabotage.

On Monday, the foreign ministers of Finland and Germany stated that the incident "raises suspicions of intentional damage" due to the severed 700-mile cable that connected the two countries. Although they did not specifically blame Russia, they claimed that European security was at risk due to Russia's aggressive war against Ukraine.

Ahead of a gathering of European security officials in Brussels on Monday, Germany's defense minister Boris Pistorius told reporters, "Nobody believes that these cables were severed by accident," according to the New York Times.

A repair vessel is on its way from France and should restore the C-Lion1 cable with Germany by the end of this month, according to a statement released by Finnish telecom Cinia on Thursday. It stated that because Finland uses multiple routes for telecommunications, "the impact of a single cable failure depends on the resilience of the service providers' connections."

A 135-mile cable that connects Telia Lithuania to Sweden was severed on Sunday morning, a representative for the telecom company told CNN. Network engineers have since rerouted connections to compensate for the disruption, which reportedly reduced Lithuanian internet capacity by a third.

The disruptions occurred weeks after Russian military activity around important underwater cables increased, according to U.S. officials who spoke to CNN. Russian involvement was denied by a Kremlin spokesperson on Wednesday.

In response to events in Europe on Thursday, U.S. military intelligence services cautioned defense firms to be vigilant for signs of Russian sabotage. The agencies cited network intrusions, insiders seeking digital or physical access "beyond their normal duties," and photographic or video surveillance, including via drones, as warning signs of an impending attack.

Such cyber-attacks can even happen on mission critical assets of any organization. If you are small and medium enterprise, BDSLCCI cybersecurity framework can help in protecting against various cyber threats.

What are Preventive Measures?

To secure undersea cables against cyber threats below are few key measures:

Encryption: The use of end-to-end encryption guarantees that information sent over cables is shielded from illegal access and interception.
Monitoring Systems: Anomalies and possible dangers to the cables can be identified by electronic monitoring systems. These systems enable prompt responses by warning operators of any suspicious activity.
Redundancy and Diversification: Creating several redundant cable routes can help guarantee that data flow can continue even in the event of a cable failure. By doing this, the chance of a single point of failure is decreased.
Physical Security: Physical tampering can be avoided by using protective measures like armoring and burying cables in the seabed, as well as by conducting routine maintenance and inspections of the cables.
International Cooperation: It is essential for nations and private sector stakeholders to work together. The global undersea cable network's overall security can be improved by exchanging threat intelligence and best practices.
Regulatory Actions: Governments have the authority to enact laws and rules requiring cable operators to adhere to security requirements. To reduce risks, this involves vetting foreign investments in cable infrastructure.

Together, these steps contribute to safeguarding the vital infrastructure that underwater cables represent, guaranteeing the dependability and security of international communications.

Stay Safe ?? Stay Secured ??

Dr. Shekhar Pawar