Rodentia Versus (Stormwater) Runoff: Groundhogs

Groundhogs, a member of the rodent family, may sometimes be referred to as marmots, woodchucks, and whistle pigs. Found only in north America, these rodents contribute to biodiversity, work to preserve the ecology, and even help with discovering archaeological sites!

Groundhogs create and use burrows year-round for safety and to raise their young. These burrows are very intricate and long, with multiple exits and a separate bathroom chamber! Groundhogs also hibernate throughout the winter and require these burrows to be dug below the frost line, so they themselves do not freeze.

These tunnel networks are helpful for more than just groundhogs-- sometimes, fellow hibernators like rabbits and skunks will also bed down with groundhogs for the winter. And after groundhogs vacate the area, these critters, as well as foxes, amphibians, and reptiles, may permanently move in, too.

Groundhogs' tunnel networks also encourage biodiversity and improve soil health. When groundhogs burrow, they are redistributing minerals and moisture: they deliver organic matter to microorganisms, oxygen gets mixed into the soil, and plants reuse minerals that are brought to the surface. Not only does this strengthen the root system and increase biodiversity by making more minerals accessible, but it helps plants flourish, which in turn allows them to absorb more water and reduce local flooding.

However, it must be mentioned that these burrows, if built in the wrong location, may contribute to levee instability, which then can lead to more flooding in communities. Groundhogs are also viewed as pests because they love munching on garden plants. With that being said, though, there are humane ways to deter groundhogs from entering the property, such as installing fencing, scattering hot pepper flakes or hot sauce on the ground, or planting species that repel groundhogs like the gopher plant.

Wildlife, even critters that aren't cute and cuddly, contribute many positives to the surrounding ecosystems and deserve protection. You can do your part to preserve biodiversity by taking steps to prevent pollution and by avoiding the use of pesticides and herbicides. For further reading, refer to the hyperlinked articles!