Risk Analysis during the Facility Life Cycle

Coneptual Design Phase

In any greenfield project the start is the conceptual design phase in which intended process is selected then Process Flow Diagram are introduced based on process simulation model which provides proccess parameters, feed and product compositions, specifications are set so that inherent process hazards could be obtained like flammability, reactivity, and process related hazards such as high pressure, temparaures, or explosions, the hazard analysis technqiues may be used in this early stage are HAZID (sometimes called what-if) analysis where a brainstorming done by expreinced safety specialists and process designers to elementary identify the sources of hazard.

Basic Engineering Phase

After completion of the conceptual study, the FEED or the basic engineering starts introducing more information like P&IDs, bsic layout and plot plan,basic calculations done which reveal more details about the process sequence and here some more detailed techniques could be used for PHA analysis like HAZOP after P&IDs are set.

Detailed Engineering Phase

After completion of basic engineering, the detailed engineering starts introducing more detailed and accurate information, vendor documents and drawings are recieved, final calcuations are performed so that more detailed analysis could be done to ensure safe design before introducing this design to the final issue and construction stage, during detailed engineering more techniques like HAZOP, HAZID, QRA, LOPA are performed to identfy the hazards, simulate the consequences, and specify risks, evaluate available safeguards and enabling factors then identify gaps between risk identified and ALARP set by owner or applied laws/standards to specify engineering, or managerial controls required to reduce this gap.

Comossioning and Start-Up

After construction, it's required to ensure that the process drawings and documents are up-to-date and reflect the real facaility (as built), so that any checks, modifications or any decisions in the future are based on accurate information.

Operational Lifetime

For any changes required or introduced during the opeartional life of the asset, a HAZOP study should be perofrmed as a part of Managment of Change (MOC) to evaluate the risks might be aroused as a result and recommendations may dictate more detailed safety analysis or studies to be done.

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