The Rise of Super Intelligence.

"Artificial Intelligence" marches towards the natural boundaries of intelligence, consciousness and super intelligence. Enhanced biological intelligence and advanced AI systems are beginning to manifest super intelligence. The Turing Test, proposed by Alan Turing in 1950, is designed to assess a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human. While many systems have made headlines for being able to “fool” judges or users in limited contexts, very few can be said to have genuinely passed the Turing Test in a rigorous sense. Here are some notable instances and systems often discussed in relation to the Turing Test.

ELIZA (1966): This early natural language processing program, developed by Joseph Weizenbaum, simulated conversation by mimicking a Rogerian psychotherapist. While it could engage users in conversation, it was not truly "intelligent" and was more about tricking people into thinking they were interacting with a human.

PARRY (1972): Created by Kenneth Colby, PARRY was meant to simulate a patient with paranoid schizophrenia. It had a more sophisticated interaction style than ELIZA, and some judges in a blind test found it hard to distinguish between PARRY and a real person.

A.L.I.C.E (1995): The Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity (A.L.I.C.E) was a chatbot that won the Loebner Prize (an annual Turing Test competition) three times. While it demonstrated advanced conversational abilities, it still relied on pattern matching and did not possess true understanding.

Eugene Goostman (2014): At the 2014 Loebner Prize competition, a chatbot named Eugene Goostman, which simulated a 13-year-old Ukrainian boy, reportedly convinced 33% of the judges that it was human. This achievement sparked debate about whether it truly passed the Turing Test, as the context and specific conditions were criticized.

GPT-3 and ChatGPT (2020-Present): While not formally evaluated under strict Turing Test conditions, OpenAI's GPT-3 and later models like ChatGPT demonstrate incredibly advanced conversational capabilities. In many casual interactions, users may find it difficult to determine whether they are conversing with a machine or a human, but these models do not necessarily meet all the criteria established by Turing for passing the test.

While various programs have claimed to pass versions of the Turing Test or to fool humans in specific scenarios, there’s still no consensus on a machine that has conclusively passed the Turing Test in the traditional sense. The discussions around these achievements often revolve around the nature and limitations of intelligence, consciousness, and what it truly means to “think.”