RISE OF INDIA’S ELDERLY POPULATION

There is a need for improved home-based care policies in India to support its ageing population, emphasising standardised care, trained caregivers, and comprehensive regulatory frameworks.

RISE OF INDIA’S ELDERLY POPULATION: CHALLENGES

1. Demographic Shifts and Their Implications: India is witnessing a significant demographic shift as its elderly population (aged 60 years and above) is projected to rise sharply.

• From 100 million in 2011, this number is expected to more than double to 230 million by 2036, and reach nearly 319 million by 2050. This will constitute about one-fifth of the total population.
• The catalysts for this trend are the declining fertility rates and increased life expectancy, reflecting a broader global pattern of aging populations but presenting unique challenges for India.

2. Reduction in average household size :

• The reduction in average household size from 5.94 in 2011 to 3.54 in 2021 signifies fewer younger family members to care for the elderly.
• This shift necessitates a comprehensive re- evaluation of the health and social care systems to address the growing need for senior care, which blurs the lines between social care and healthcare due to chronic illnesses prevalent among the elderly.

3. Home-Based Care: Expanding Needs and Services

• Home-based care in India has evolved significantly, now encompassing not only assistance with daily living activities but also routine and specialized nursing care.
• According to a report by NITI Aayog, home healthcare could potentially replace up to 65% of unnecessary hospital visits and reduce associated costs by 20%.

While India continues to focus on its youth, it is imperative not to neglect the elderly, a growing demographic that requires equal attention and care. Learning from countries with advanced elderly care systems like Japan can help India build a robust framework that supports its aging citizens while enabling the younger population to contribute effectively to the nation's economy. The challenge is not only economic but also deeply rooted in social, ethical, and moral responsibilities towards the elderly.