RFO KNOWLEDGE BRAINSTORMY 4TH EDITION

-> TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATIONS

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Antenna Pattern 3D Interpolation

The direction of transmitter-receiver path in the transmitter antenna coordinate system is given by angle values az

and el. Atoll considers these values to determine transmitter antenna attenuations in horizontal and vertical

patterns.

It reads the following:

? H(az): the attenuation in the horizontal pattern for the calculated azimuth angle az

? H(a0): the attenuation in the horizontal pattern for the electrical azimuth angle a0

? V(el): the attenuation in the vertical pattern for the calculated tilt angle el

? V(e0): the attenuation in the vertical pattern for the electrical tilt angle e0

Then, the total attenuation is calculated as follows:

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? For passive broadcast antennas:

if |el| ≠ 90°

Else: LantTx

az el

,

( )

= V(el)

? For beamforming antennas:

Electrical azimuth belonging to the range [-90°, +90°] are considered:

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-> FORMULAS & AUTOMATIONS -:

HLOOKUP: =HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, range_lookup)

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-> PRICE OF LIFE -:

I -: INNOVATIONS

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-> 5G Technology: 5G networks are rapidly being deployed worldwide, offering significantly faster data speeds, reduced latency, and increased capacity compared to previous generations. This technology is transforming the way we communicate, enabling seamless connectivity for a wide range of devices and applications, including IoT, autonomous vehicles, and virtual reality.

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-> Millimeter Wave (mmWave) Communications: Millimeter wave frequencies (30-300 GHz) are gaining traction for high-speed data transfer due to their abundant bandwidth. These frequencies are particularly valuable in urban areas where network congestion is prevalent, allowing for efficient and ultra-fast wireless communication.

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-> Software-Defined Radio (SDR): SDR technology allows for flexible radio configurations by replacing traditional hardware components with software-based solutions. This flexibility enables easy upgrades, reconfigurations, and adaptability to changing requirements, making SDR an essential component for modern communication systems.

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-> Massive MIMO (Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output): Massive MIMO involves using a large number of antennas at the transmitter and receiver to increase data throughput and improve the network's capacity. This technology is crucial for enhancing the performance and efficiency of wireless networks, especially in crowded areas.

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-> Internet of Things (IoT) Connectivity: The proliferation of IoT devices has spurred the development of new RF technologies tailored to cater to their unique requirements. Low-power, long-range communication protocols like LoRaWAN and NB-IoT are making it easier to connect and manage a vast number of IoT devices.

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-> mmWave Radar Systems: mmWave radar systems are finding applications in automotive safety features, such as collision avoidance and autonomous driving. These radars offer high-resolution imaging capabilities, enabling precise object detection and tracking in challenging environments.

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-> Beamforming and Beam Steering: Advanced beamforming techniques optimize signal transmission by focusing RF energy in specific directions. Beam steering allows for dynamic adjustments to optimize signal coverage and mitigate interference, enhancing overall network performance.

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