Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): Awareness and Prevention

With the colder months approaching - Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) cases are expected to rise, particularly affecting infants and older adults. RSV is a highly contagious virus that can lead to severe respiratory infections, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Globally, a significant increase in RSV-A cases was recorded in 2022, with positivity rates reaching as high as 58%.?

RSV primarily spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also survive on surfaces, making it easy to contract in communal settings. Infants under one year old, especially those born prematurely or with underlying health conditions or a low immunity are at the highest risk for severe illness. Older adults, particularly those aged 60 and above with chronic medical conditions, also face increased susceptibility to RSV-related complications. India has reported ongoing RSV cases, particularly noted during the rainy season.?

A study by National Institute of Virology (ICMR), Pune revealed that of the 15,248 patients included in the study, 14,327 (93.2%) 1,054 (6.8%) tested positive. In 2022, a resurgence was observed, especially in southern states like Tamil Nadu and Kerala, with RSV-B becoming more prevalent after a decline in RSV-A cases.

Public health campaigns play a vital role in raising awareness about RSV. One key strategy is promoting vaccination for high-risk groups. Recent advancements have led to the approval of effective RSV vaccines aimed at protecting both infants and older adults. For instance, vaccination during pregnancy can provide passive immunity to newborns, while older adults are encouraged to receive a single dose of the vaccine to reduce their risk of severe disease.

?Symptoms of RSV:

1. Initial Cold-like Symptoms: Runny nose, sneezing, mild cough, and fever.
2. Worsening Symptoms: Cough that may progress to wheezing or difficulty in breathing.
3. Severe Indicators: Rapid or shallow breathing, nasal flaring, retractions (skin pulling in between ribs), irritability, decreased appetite, and bluish color in lips or nails.

?Preventive Measures:

1. Vaccination: Ensure high-risk individuals receive appropriate RSV vaccinations.
2. Good Hygiene Practices: Promote frequent handwashing with soap and water.
3. Avoid Close Contact: Limit exposure to individuals showing symptoms of respiratory illness.
4. Surface Disinfection: Regularly clean and disinfect commonly touched surfaces.
5. Recognize Symptoms Early: Educate caregivers about early signs of RSV infection.

By enhancing awareness and implementing these effective prevention strategies, we can mitigate the impact of RSV this winter and protect our most vulnerable populations from severe respiratory illness.