RESPECT, HONOUR, NEVER SETTLING FOR THE ORDINARY.
Sheikha Maryam Desireé Alemán
CEO at End- Success Investment &Development. CIPD.Member.HRM.Business Development.
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Our estimates and forward-looking statements are mainly based on our current expectations and estimates of future events and trends, which affect or may affect our businesses and operations.
Although we believe that these estimates and forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, they are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties and are made in light of information currently available to us. Many important factors, in addition to the factors described in this Annual Report, may adversely affect our results as indicated in forward-looking statements. You should read this Annual Report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different and worse from what we expect. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements.
The words “may,” “might,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “seek,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “contemplate,” “possible” and similar words are intended to identify estimates and forward-looking statements. Our estimates and forward-looking statements may be influenced by various factors, including without limitation: ? our dependence on the performance and popularity of our first team; ? maintaining, enhancing and protecting our brand and reputation, particularly in new markets, in order to expand our follower and sponsorship base;
Our reliance on European competitions as a source of future income;
? the negotiation and pricing of key media contracts outside our control; ? actions taken by other Premier League clubs that are contrary to our interests; ? the potential impact of the United Kingdom’s decision to exit from the European Union on the movement of players or other regulations; ? our ability to attract and retain key personnel, including players, in an increasingly competitive market with increasing salaries and transfer fees; our ability to execute a digital media strategy that generates the revenue we anticipate; our ability to meet growth expectations and properly manage such anticipated growth;
iii our ability to maintain, train and build an effective international sales and marketing infrastructure, and manage the risks associated with such an expansion; our ability to renew or replace key commercial agreements on similar or better terms, or attract new sponsors; our ability to protect ourselves from cyber-attack on our IT systems which could compromise our IT operational capability; our exposure to credit related losses in connection with key media, commercial and transfer contracts; our relationship with the various leagues to which we belong and the application of their respective rules and regulations; our relationship with merchandising, licensing, sponsor and other commercial partners; maintaining our match attendance at Old Trafford; our exposure to increased competition, both in football and the various commercial markets in which we do business; any natural disasters, terrorist incidents or other events beyond our control that adversely affect our operations; the effect of adverse economic conditions on our operations; uncertainty with regard to exchange rates, our tax rate and our cash flow; our ability to adequately protect against media piracy and identity theft of our follower account information; ? our exposure to the effects of seasonality in our business; the effect of our indebtedness on our financial health and competitive position;
Our ability to compete in our industry and with innovation by our competitors; estimates and estimate methodologies used in preparing our consolidated financial statements; and the future trading prices of our Class A ordinary shares and the impact of securities analysts’ reports on these prices. Other sections of this Annual Report include additional factors that could adversely impact our business and financial performance, principally “Item 3.
Key Information — D. Risk Factors.” Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Therefore, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA This Annual Report contains industry, market, and competitive position data that are based on the industry publications and studies conducted by third parties listed below as well as our own internal estimates and research. These industry publications and third-party studies generally state that the information that they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information.
While we believe that each of these publications and third-party studies is reliable, we have not independently verified the market and industry data obtained from these third-party sources. While we believe our internal research is reliable and the definition of our market and industry are appropriate, neither such research nor these definitions have been verified by any independent source. References to our "659 million followers" are based on a survey conducted by Kantar Media (a division of WPP plc) in 2011 and paid for by us.
As in the survey conducted by Kantar Media, we define the term "followers" as those individuals who answered survey questions, unprompted, with the answer that Manchester United was either their favorite football team in the world or a football team that they enjoyed following in addition to their favorite football team. For example, we and Kantar Media included in the definition of "follower" a respondent who either watched live Manchester United matches, followed highlights coverage or read or talked about Manchester United regularly.
Although the survey solicited unprompted responses, we do not distinguish between those respondents who answered that Manchester United was their favorite football team in the world and those who enjoy following Manchester United in addition to their favorite football team. Since we believe that each of our followers engage with our brand in some capacity, including through watching matches on television, attending matches live, buying retail merchandise or monitoring the team's highlights on the internet, we believe identifying our followers in this manner provides us with the best data to use for purposes of developing our business strategy and measuring the penetration of our brand.
However, we expect there to be differences in the level of engagement with our brand between individuals, including among those who consider Manchester United to be their favorite team, as well as between those who enjoy following Manchester United. We have not identified any practical way to measure these differences in consumer behavior and any references to our followers in this Annual Report should be viewed in that light. This internet-based survey identified Manchester United as a supported team of 659 million followers (and the favorite football team of 277 million of those followers) and was based on 53,287 respondents from 39 countries around the world.
In order to calculate our 659 million followers from the 53,287 responses, Kantar Media applied estimates and assumptions to certain factors including population size, country specific characteristics such as wealth and GDP per capita, affinity for sports and media penetration. Kantar Media then extrapolated the results to the rest of the world, representing an extrapolated adult population of 5 billion people.
However, while Kantar Media believes the extrapolation methodology was robust and consistent with consumer research practices, as with all surveys, there are inherent limitations in extrapolating survey results to a larger population than those actually surveyed. As a result of these limitations, our number of followers may be significantly less or significantly more than the extrapolated survey results. Kantar Media also extrapolated survey results to account for non-internet users in certain of the 39 countries, particularly those with low internet penetration.
To do so, Kantar Media had to make assumptions about the preferences and behaviors of non-internet users in those countries. These assumptions reduced the number of our followers in those countries and there is no guarantee that the assumptions we applied are accurate. Survey results also account only for claimed consumer behavior rather than actual consumer behavior and as a result, survey results may not reflect real consumer behavior with respect to football or the consumption of our content and products.
In addition to the survey conducted by Kantar Media, this Annual Report references the following industry publications and third-party studies: ? television viewership data compiled by futures sports + entertainment—Mediabrands International Limited for the 2017/18 season (the "Futures Data"); a paper published by AT Kearney, Inc. in 2014 entitled "Winning in the Business of Sports" ("AT Kearney"); and a report published by Mailman Group entitled “Red Card 2018”
1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS Not applicable. ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE Not applicable.
The selected historical financial information presented in the tables below should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes as of 30 June 2018 and 2017 and for the years ended 30 June 2018, 2017 and 2016 have been included in this Annual Report.( Someone, can ask for it)
We define Adjusted EBITDA as (loss)/profit for the year before depreciation, amortization, profit/(loss) on disposal of intangible assets, exceptional items, net finance costs, and tax. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-IFRS measure and not a uniformly or legally defined financial measure. Adjusted EBITDA is not a substitute for IFRS measures in assessing our overall financial performance. Because Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement determined in accordance with IFRS, and is susceptible to varying calculations, Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures presented by other companies.
Adjusted EBITDA is included in this Annual Report because it is a measure of our operating performance and we believe that Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors because it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in their evaluation of the operating performance of companies in industries similar to ours.
We also believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful to our management and investors as a measure of comparative operating performance from year to year and among companies as it is reflective of changes in pricing decisions, cost controls and other factors that affect operating performance, and it removes the effect of our asset base (primarily depreciation and amortization), capital structure (primarily finance costs), and items outside the control of our management (primarily taxes). Our management also uses Adjusted EBITDA for planning purposes, including the preparation of our annual operating budget and financial projections. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for an analysis of our results as reported under IFRS as issued by the IASB.
Exchange Rate Information Our functional and reporting currency is pounds sterling and substantially all of our costs are denominated in pounds sterling. However, any Broadcasting revenue from our participation in European competitions, as well as certain other revenue, is generated in Euros.
We also occasionally enter into transfer agreements which are payable in Euros. In addition, we have currency exposure against the US dollar relating to our US dollar denominated secured term loan facility and our 3.79% senior secured notes (the “senior secured notes”) and our Commercial revenue from certain sponsors. For all dates and periods, the exchange rate refers to the exchange rate as set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board.
The rates represent the noon buying rate in New York for cable transfers payable in foreign currencies. These rates may differ from the actual rates used in the preparation of the financial statements and other financial information appearing in this Annual Report. Inclusion of these exchange rates is not meant to suggest that the US dollar amounts actually represent such pounds sterling amounts or that such amounts could have been or could be converted into US dollars at any particular rate, or at all. On 4 September 2018, the exchange rate was $1.28 to £1.00.
CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS Not applicable. C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS Not applicable.
D. RISK FACTORS Investment in our Class A ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. We expect to be exposed to some or all of the risks described below in our future operations. Any of the risk factors described below, as well as additional risks of which we are not currently aware, could affect our business operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flow and prospects and cause the value of our shares to decline. Moreover, if and to the extent that any of the risks described below materialize, they may occur in combination with other risks which would compound the adverse effect of such risks on our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flow and prospects.
If we are unable to maintain and enhance our brand and reputation, particularly in new markets, or if events occur that damage our brand and reputation, our ability to expand our follower base, sponsors, and commercial partners or to sell significant quantities of our products may be impaired. The success of our business depends on the value and strength of our brand and reputation.
Our brand and reputation are also integral to the implementation of our strategies for expanding our follower base, sponsors and commercial partners. To be successful in the future, particularly outside of Europe, we believe we must preserve, grow and leverage the value of our brand across all of our revenue streams.
For instance, we have in the past experienced, and we expect that in the future we will continue to receive, a high degree of media coverage. Unfavorable publicity regarding our first team’s performance in league and cup competitions or their behavior off the field, our ability to attract and retain certain players and coaching staff or actions by or changes in our ownership, could negatively affect our brand and reputation. Failure to respond effectively to negative publicity could also further erode our brand and reputation.
In addition, events in the football industry, even if unrelated to us, may negatively affect our brand or reputation. As a result, the size, engagement and 5 loyalty of our follower base and the demand for our products may decline.
Damage to our brand or reputation or loss of our followers’ commitment for any of these reasons could impair our ability to expand our follower base, sponsors and commercial partners or our ability to sell significant quantities of our products, which would result in decreased revenue across our revenue streams and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow, as well as require additional resources to rebuild our brand and reputation.
In addition, maintaining and enhancing our brand and reputation may require us to make substantial investments. We cannot assure you that such investments will be successful. Failure to successfully maintain and enhance the Manchester United brand or our reputation or excessive or unsuccessful expenses in connection with this effort could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.
Our business is dependent upon our ability to attract and retain key personnel, including players. We are highly dependent on members of our management, coaching staff and our players. Competition for talented players and staff is, and will continue to be, intense. Our ability to attract and retain the highest quality players for our first team and youth academy as well as coaching staff is critical to our first team’s success in league and cup competitions and increasing popularity and, consequently, critical to our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.
Our success and many achievements over the last twenty years does not necessarily mean that we will continue to be successful in the future, whether as a result of changes in player personnel, coaching staff or otherwise. A downturn in the performance of our first team could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain coaches and players. Further, in March 2017, the government of the United Kingdom (the “UK”) initiated the formal process of withdrawing from the European Union (the “EU”), which could result in changes to European regulations relating to the movement of players between the UK and the EU.
In addition, our popularity in certain countries or regions may depend, at least in part, on fielding certain players from those countries or regions. While we enter into employment contracts with each of our key personnel with the aim of securing their services for the term of the contract, the retention of their services for the full term of the contract cannot be guaranteed due to possible contract disputes or approaches by other clubs. Our failure to attract and retain key personnel could have a negative impact on our ability to effectively manage and grow our business.
We are dependent upon the performance and popularity of our first team. Our revenue streams are driven by the performance and popularity of our first team. Significant sources of our revenue are the result of historically strong performances in English domestic and European competitions, specifically the Premier League, the FA Cup, the EFL Cup, the Champions League and the Europa League.
Our revenue varies significantly depending on our first team’s participation and performance in these competitions. Our first team’s performance can affect all four of our revenue streams: sponsorship revenue through sponsorship relationships; retail, merchandising, apparel & product licensing revenue through product sales;
Broadcasting revenue through the frequency of appearances, performance based share of league broadcasting revenue, Champions League/Europe League prize money and MUTV distribution through linear and digital platforms; and Matchday revenue through ticket sales. Our first team currently plays in the Premier League, the top football league in England. Our performance in the Premier League directly affects, and a weak performance in the Premier League could adversely affect, our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.
For example, our revenue from the sale of products, media rights, tickets and hospitality would fall considerably if our first team were relegated from (or otherwise ceased to play in) the Premier League, the Champions League or the Europa League. We cannot ensure that our first team will be successful in the Premier League or in the other leagues and tournaments in which it plays.
Relegation from the Premier League or a general decline in the success of our first team, particularly in consecutive seasons, would negatively affect our ability to attract or retain talented players and coaching staff, as well as supporters, sponsors and other commercial partners, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.
It may not be possible to renew or replace key commercial agreements on similar or better terms, or attract new sponsors. Negotiation and pricing of key media contracts are outside our control and those contracts may change in the future.
Our business depends in part on relationships with certain third parties.
Serious injuries to or losses of playing staff may affect our performance, and therefore our results of operations and financial condition.
The departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union may adversely affect our operations and financial results
Risk Related to Our Indebtedness Our indebtedness could adversely affect our financial health and competitive position.
Customers Our top five customers represented 58.9%, 59.2% and 54.4% of our total revenue in each of the years ended 30 June 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our top five customers in the year ended 30 June 2018 were the Premier League, adidas, General Motors (Chevrolet), UEFA and Aon. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — We are exposed to credit related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to Premier League and UEFA media contracts as well as our key commercial and transfer contracts.” Our top customer was the Premier League, who represented 26.4%, 25.4% and 19.4% of our total revenue in each of the years ended 30 June 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our second largest customer was adidas, who represented 13.4%, 13.6% and 14.1% of our total revenue in each of the years ended 30 June 2018, 2017 and 2016.