Research Article: Are Muslims Terrorist or Not?

Introduction:

The word Islam means "Submission to God"?is an?Abrahamic monotheistic (Believe in One God) religion?teaching that?Muhammad (S.A.W)?is a?Last Messenger of Allah Almighty.?It is the?2nd largest religion in the world?with 1.9?billion followers or 24.9% of the?world population, known as Muslims. Muslims make up most of the population in?51 countries.?Islam teaches that?Allah is the Supreme Creator, All Knowing, All Powerful and Unique?and has guided humanity through?prophets,?divine books, and?natural signs.?The primary scriptures of Islam are the Holy Quran, believed to be the Words of Allah Almighty, as well as (according to tradition) the teachings and normative examples called Sunnah, composed of accounts called Hadith of?Muhammad (S.A.W)?(570 AD – 632?AD). Muslims?believe that Islam is the complete code of life and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets, including?Adam,?Abraham,?Moses, and Jesus.?Muslims consider the?Holy Quran?in?Arabic?to be the unaltered and final revelation of God.?Like other?Abrahamic religions Islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded in?Paradise and the unrighteous punished in hell in the Day of Judgement. Religious concepts and practices include the?5 Pillars of Islam, which are obligatory acts of worship, as well as following Islamic law or Shariah which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society, after 9/11/2001 Incident the reputations of Muslims worsen in the world internationally. With the rise in terrorist movements like ISIS, Taliban, Al-Qaeda further deteriorated Muslim’s reputation.

Two Sacred Texts of Muslim:

Holy Quran (Book of Allah Almighty) and Hadith (Practices, Teachings and Way of Life of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) , It is Compulsory to Follow by True Muslims in Order to practice Islam in their life. A person who not follow these texts is not a Muslim.

"Verily We: It is We Who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. the Quran) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption)."

Verse (15:9)

This shows that Quran was never altered or change. Everything is same in original context as it was revealed 1400 years ago. Allah Almighty Himself said that He will guard it from being corrupted. So everything which is written in Quran , a True Muslim must have to follow otherwise he/she is not a Muslim.

“Indeed in the Messenger of Allah you have an excellent example to follow for him who hopes in Allah and the Last Day and remembers Allah much.”?

Verse (33:21)

" O! ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, and those charged with authority among you. If ye differ in anything among yourselves, refer it to Allah and His Messenger, if ye do believe in Allah and the Last Day: That is best, and most suitable for final determination."

Verse (4:59)

These verses clearly show Quran says that to obey the Messenger by obeying him you obey Allah Almighty. It says Muhammad(S.A.W) is the role model and perfect example for True Muslims to follow. All his teachings, sayings, way of life is the practical example of Quran.

Research Objectives:

. Are Muslims Terrorist?

Ans: “Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you, but do not transgress limits; for Allah loveth not transgression.”

Verse (2:190)

“On account of [his deed], We decreed to the Children of Israel that if anyone kills a person- unless in retribution for murder or spreading corruption in the land- it is as if he kills all mankind, while if any saves a life it is as if he saves the lives of all mankind. Our messengers came to them with clear signs, but many of them continued to commit excesses in the land.”

Surah Al-Ma'idah (???????) (5:32)

No, since its mentioned in Quran fight those who come to fight you incase of enemy invasion you have the right for Self-defense. If there is corruption, injustice, oppression you have right to eliminate corruption but make sure no single innocent should be harmed whether Muslim or non-Muslim otherwise you have killed whole humanity.

. Is Islam Peaceful Religion?

Ans: “And We have not sent you, [O Muhammad], except as a mercy to the worlds.”

Verse (21:107)

“Keep to forgiveness (O Muhammad), and enjoin kindness, and turn away from the ignorant.”

Verse (7:199)

Prophet (S.A.W.) said to the people of Makkah (In The Event of Conquest of Makkah by Muslims of Medina):

"O! Quraish, what do you expect from me today?"

And they said, "Mercy, O! Prophet of Allah. We expect nothing but good from you."

After their reply, Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) declared:

"Today I will speak to you as Yusuf spoke to his brothers. I will not harm you and Allah will forgive you for He is Merciful and Loving. Go you are free."

( Ibn Kathir and Ibn Al-Hajjaj Muslim)

No, Quran said that we have sent Muhammad (S.A.W) as mercy to all mankind and told Prophet (PBUH) to be always forgiving and in the Event of Conquest of Makkah he has every right to punish his enemies who gave him so much suffering yet he forgive them. It shows Muslims who follow Hadith and Sunnah of Prophet (PBUH) must practice forgiveness.

. Are Muslims Extremist?

Ans: “There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion. The right course has become clear from the wrong.”

Verse (2:256)

"Religion is very easy and whoever overburdens himself in his religion will not be able to continue in that way. So, you should not be extremists, but try to be near to perfection and receive the good tidings that you will be rewarded; and gain strength by worshipping in the mornings, the nights."

(Sahih al-Bukhari :?Vol 1, Book 2, Hadith 32)

No, the verse and hadith clearly show there should be no forceful acceptance of religion. Everyone have free right of choosing whatever religion they want and you should not be extremists otherwise you deviate from true path of Islam which is a religion of peace and mercy.

. Do These Terrorist Organizations Really Regard AS Muslims?

Ans: "Allah does not forbid you respecting those who have not made war against you on account of (your) religion, and have not driven you forth from your homes, that you show them kindness and deal with them justly; surely Allah loves the doers of justice."

Verse (60:8)

"And if anyone of the polytheists asks you for protection, give him protection so that he may hear the Word of God; then escort him to his place of safety. That is because they are a people who do not know."

Verse (9:6)

"Whoever killed a Mu'ahid (a non-Muslim who is granted the pledge of protection by the Muslims) shall not smell the fragrance of Paradise though its fragrance can be smelt at a distance of forty years (of traveling).”

(Sahih al-Bukhari 6914?:?Vol 9, Book 87, Hadith 52)

"The protection granted by Muslims is one and must be respected by the humblest of them. And he who broke the covenant made by a Muslim, there is a curse of Allah, of his angels, and of the whole people upon him, and neither an obligatory act nor a supererogatory act would be accepted from him as recompense on the Day of Resurrection."

(Sahih Muslim, Book 7, Hadith 3167)

No, Quran and Hadith does not allow killing of non-Muslims. It clearly shown in that if you killed innocent non-Muslim who never harmed you , invaded your home or nation, waged war against you on the basis of your religion and the ones you have peaceful treaty with , there will be severe punishment from Allah to those who killed the innocents.

Literature Review:

Prior to the?Hijra travel, Muhammad (S.A.W) struggled non-violently against his oppressors in Mecca, this showed he was a merciful and kind person, and he always told his companions to be merciful. Since Muslims follow his Sunnah and Hadith which his way of life, he lived so all Muslims follow his teachings, sayings, actions about mercifulness, kindness, non-violence. Numerous scholars and authors, both Muslim and non-Muslim have testified to the underlying rejection of violence, cruelty, coercion, and intolerance of the Quran and its embrace of justice and self-defenses. According to Fawzi Abdel Malek, "many Muslim scholars speak of Islam as a religion of peace.?and not of violence. They say that the non-Muslims misunderstand the Quran verses about Jihad and the conduct of war in Islam. Nissim Rawan asserts that "violence and cruelty are not in the spirit of the Quran, nor are they found in the life of the Prophet, nor in the lives of saintly Muslims." According to Feisal Abdul Rauf, "the Quran expressly and unambiguously prohibits the use of coercion in faith because coercion would violate a fundamental human right— the right to a free conscience. A different belief system is not deemed a legitimate cause for violence or war under Islamic law. The Quran is categorical on this: "There shall be no compulsion in religion”. "Say to the disbelievers [that is, atheists, or polytheists, namely those who reject God] "To you, your beliefs, to me, mine." Charles Matthews characterizes the peace verses as saying that, "if others want peace, you can accept them as peaceful even if they are not Muslim." As an example, Matthews cites the second surah which commands believers not to transgress limits in warfare: "fight in God's cause against those who fight you, but do not transgress limits in aggression, God does not love transgressors." ?Chiba and Sheinbaum argue that Islam "does not allow Muslims to fight against those who disagree with them regardless of belief system", but instead "urges its followers to treat such people kindly".?Yohanan Friedmann has argued that the Quran does not promote fighting for the purposes of religious coercion, although the war as described is "religious" in the sense that the enemies of the Muslims are described as "enemies of God." ?Solomon A. Nicosia has argued that in "duty to halt aggression or to strive for the preservation of Islamic principles", fighting may be involved, where the Quran encourages them to "fight courageously and steadfastly against recalcitrant states, be they Muslim or non-Muslim." He also argues that the "Quranic statement is clear" on the issue of fighting in defense of Islam as "a duty that is to be carried out at all costs", where "God grants security to those Muslims who fight in order to halt or repel aggression". According to Chandra Muzaffar, "The Quranic exposition on resisting aggression, oppression and injustice lays down the parameters within which fighting, or the use of violence is legitimate. What this means is that one can use the Quran as the criterion for when violence is legitimate and when it is not." Various Ahmadis scholars like?Muhammad Ali, Maulana Sadr-ud-din,?Basharat Ahmad?and argue that when the Quran's verses are read in context, it clearly appears that the Quran prohibits initial aggression, and allows fighting only in self-defense.?According to Khalid Abu Al Fadi, "there is not a single verse in the Quran that calls for an unmitigated, unqualified, or unreserved obligation to fight the unbelievers."?According to Esposito and Mogahed, the Quran balances permission to fight the enemy with a strong mandate for making peace.

Quranic Verses:

“Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you, but do not transgress limits; for Allah loveth not transgression.”

Verse (2:190)

“On account of [his deed], We decreed to the Children of Israel that if anyone kills a person- unless in retribution for murder or spreading corruption in the land- it is as if he kills all mankind, while if any saves a life it is as if he saves the lives of all mankind. Our messengers came to them with clear signs, but many of them continued to commit excesses in the land.”

Surah Al-Ma'idah (???????) (5:32)

“But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and establish regular prayers and practice regular charity, then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful”

Verse (9:5)

Note: Quranic Verses revealed to Prophet Muhammad(SAW) from time to time and situation to situation. Regarding Verse 9:5 it was revealed at time when Muslims and non-Muslims signed Peace-Treaty such as Treaty of Hudaibiyah but non-Muslims broke the treaty. It is than verse was revealed due to non-Muslims broke the treaty and Allah Almighty gave the right Muslims to fight against them.

"And if anyone of the polytheists asks you for protection, give him protection so that he may hear the Word of God; then escort him to his place of safety. That is because they are a people who do not know."

Verse (9:6)

?“Permission to take up arms is hereby given to those who are attacked because they have been oppressed – Allah indeed has the power to grant them victory – those who have been unjustly driven from their homes, only because they said: "Our Lord is Allah”.

Verse (22:39)

“And if two parties or groups among the believers start fighting, then make peace between them both. But if one of them outrages against the other, then fight you against the one which outrages till it complies with the command of Allah. Then if it complies, make reconciliation between them justly, and be equitable. Verily! Allah loves those who are equitable. The believers are brothers to one another. So, make reconciliation between your brothers, and fear Allah that you may receive mercy.”

Verse (49:9)

“A?sacred month for a sacred month; [similarly] other sacred things too are subject to retaliation. So, if anyone transgresses against you, you should also pay back in equal coins. Be afraid of Allah and keep in mind that Allah is with those who remain within the bounds stipulated by religion.”

Verse (2:194)

“And a declaration should be made from Allah and His Messenger to these people on the day of the great Hajj that Allah is free from [all] obligations to these Idolaters and so is His Messenger. So, if you [O Disbelievers!] repent, it is better for you, but if you turn away, then know that you cannot escape from the grasp of Allah. And give tidings [O Muhammad] of a painful torment to these disbelievers. Except those of these Idolaters with whom you have a treaty, and who have not shown treachery in it nor have supported anyone against you. So, fulfil their treaty to the end of their term. Indeed, Allah loves those who abide by the limits. Then when the sacred months have passed, kill these Idolaters wherever you find them, and capture them and besiege them, and lie in wait for them in every ambush. But if they repent and establish the prayer, and give Zakat, then leave them alone. Indeed, Allah is Ever-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”

Verse (9:3-5)

“Had Allah willed He could have given them power over you so that assuredly they would have fought you. So, if they hold aloof from you and wage not war against you and offer you peace, Allah allowed you no way against them.”

Verse (4:90)

“O mankind! Lo! We have created you male and female and have made you nations and tribes that ye may know one another. Lo! the noblest of you, in the sight of Allah, is the best in conduct. Lo! Allah is All-Knower, All-Aware."

Verse (49:13)

"Allah does not forbid you respecting those who have not made war against you on account of (your) religion, and have not driven you forth from your homes, that you show them kindness and deal with them justly; surely Allah loves the doers of justice."

Verse (60:8)

“And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden [to be killed] except by [legal] right. This has He instructed you that you may use reason."

Verse (6:151)

“There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion. The right course has become clear from the wrong.”

Verse (2:256)

“And if they incline to peace, then incline to it [also] and rely upon Allah. Indeed, it is He who is the Hearing, the Knowing.”

Verse (8:61)

?“O! you who have believed, be persistently standing firm for Allah, witnesses in justice, and do not let the hatred of a people prevent you from being just. Be just; that is nearer to righteousness. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is Acquainted with what you do.”

Verse (5:8)

“Indeed, those who have believed [in Prophet Muhammad] and those [before Him] who were Jews or Sabeans or Christians - those [among them] who believed in Allah and the Last Day and did righteousness - no fear will there be concerning them, nor will they grieve.”

Verse (2:62)

“And We have not sent you, [O Muhammad], except as a mercy to the worlds.”

Verse (21:107)

“Keep to forgiveness (O Muhammad), and enjoin kindness, and turn away from the ignorant.”

Verse (7:199)

Hadith:

"Religion is very easy and whoever overburdens himself in his religion will not be able to continue in that way. So, you should not be extremists, but try to be near to perfection and receive the good tidings that you will be rewarded; and gain strength by worshipping in the mornings, the nights."

(Sahih al-Bukhari :?Vol 1, Book 2, Hadith 32)

"All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a White has no superiority over a Black nor a Black has any superiority over a White except by piety and good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly."

(Last Sermon of Holy Prophet (PBUH))

"You are going to enter?Egypt?a land where?qirat?(money unit) is used. Be extremely good to them as they have with us close ties and marriage relationships. When you enter Egypt after my death, recruit many soldiers from among the?Egyptians?because they are the best soldiers on earth, as they and their wives are permanently on duty until the?Day of Judgement. Be good to the?Copts?of Egypt; you shall take them over, but they shall be your instrument and help. Be Righteous to?God about the Copts."

(From Book Truth Is Law, Faith is Flaw by Dr. Ahmad Sayeed)

"Whoever killed a Mu'ahid (a non-Muslim who is granted the pledge of protection by the Muslims) shall not smell the fragrance of Paradise though its fragrance can be smelt at a distance of forty years (of traveling).”

(Sahih al-Bukhari 6914?:?Vol 9, Book 87, Hadith 52)

"The protection granted by Muslims is one and must be respected by the humblest of them. And he who broke the covenant made by a Muslim, there is a curse of Allah, of his angels, and of the whole people upon him, and neither an obligatory act nor a supererogatory act would be accepted from him as recompense on the Day of Resurrection."

(Sahih Muslim, Book 7, Hadith 3167)

"Whoever wrongs one with whom a covenant has been made, burdens him with more than he can bear or forcibly takes something from him, I will be his adversary on the Day of Judgment."

(Recorded by Abu Dawud in his Sunan, Ibn Zangawiyah in Al-Amwal and al-Baihaqi in As-Sunan Al-Kubra)

Sahal Ibn Sa'ad says that Muhammad once said: "To reside in a border area for a day to protect [people] against an enemy [invasion] is better than this world and everything it has."

(Sahih Bukhari 2892)

Sayings of Four Rightly Guided Khalifa’s of Islam:

?__ Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) (1st Caliph of Islam)

“Stop, O people, that I may give you ten rules for your guidance in the battlefield. Do not commit treachery or deviate from the right path. You must not mutilate dead bodies. Neither kills a child, nor a woman, nor an aged man. Bring no harm to the trees, nor burn them with fire, especially those which are fruitful. Slay not any of the enemy's flock, save for your food. You are likely to pass by people who have devoted their lives to monastic services; leave them alone.”

(Aboul-Enein, H. Yousuf and Zuhur, Sherifa,?Islamic Rulings on Warfare, p. 22, Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, Diane Publishing Co., Darby PA,?ISBN?1-4289-1039-5)

?__ Hazrat Umar (R.A) (2nd Caliph of Islam)

“Remember, I have not appointed you as commanders and tyrants over the people. I have sent you as leaders instead, so that the people may follow your example. Give the Muslims their rights and do not beat them lest they become abused. Do not praise them unduly, lest they fall into the error of conceit. Do not keep your doors shut in their faces, lest the more powerful of them eat up the weaker ones. And do not behave as if you were superior to them, for that is tyranny over them.”

(As quoted in?Omar the Great?: The Second Caliph Of Islam?(1962) by Muhammad Shibli Numani, Vol. 2, p. 33)

__ Hazrat Usman (R.A) (3rd Caliph of Islam)

"Wars don't bring lasting peace, only lasting death. "

?(Author: Janet Morris)

__ Hazrat Ali (R.A) (4th Caliph of Islam)

“Infuse your heart with mercy, love and kindness for your subjects. Be not in face of them a voracious animal, counting them as easy prey, for they are of two kinds: either they are your brothers in faith or in creation. Error catches them unaware, deficiencies overcome them, (evil deeds) are committed by them intentionally and by mistake. So, grant them your pardon and your forgiveness to the same extent that you hope God will grant you His pardon and His forgiveness. For you are above them, and he who appointed you is above you, and God is above him who appointed you. God has sought from you the fulfillment of their requirements and He is trying you with them.”

(Taken from Nahj al-Balaghah- The Book of Ali)

?Research Methodology:

The research methodology used for research is qualitative analysis, after fully qualitatively examining the Quran (Commands of Allah Almighty), Hadith and Sunnah of Holy Prophet PBUH which are the sacred texts of all Muslims, who follow these in the world.

Hypothesis:

A true Muslim who is a true believer of Commands and Sayings of Allah Almighty (Holy Quran) and Holy Prophet PBUH (Hadith and Sunnah) and fully knows about true teachings of his/her religion is not a terrorist.

Hypothetical Statement:

A true Muslim is not a terrorist, and it is clearly shown in the Quran and Sunnah of Holy Prophet PBUH that violence and terrorism is not allowed in Islam, it clearly forbids no killing of innocent people even non-Muslims. It clearly tells that you are only allowed to attack them in the right of self-defenses and protection and even during the war care should be taken to the women, children, old people, disable persons, animals, trees, their lands and properties and those who are weak to fight and those who surrender as it is mentioned in Holy Quran “Fight in the cause of Allah who come to fight you but do not transgress limits; for Allah loveth not transgression.” Since all religions in the world such as Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism promotes peace and humanity, so Muslims are not terrorist. Islam clearly forbids killing and violence and even killing of animals for fun and pleasure. These fake Muslims terrorist organizations throughout the world just misusing Islam name as an excuse to bring terror, violence and fear among the people. They should be regarded as terrorists only but not Muslim terrorists, a true Muslim will never do such a thing called terrorism as which his/her religion does not allow. Islam also forbids extremism and forcing non-Muslims to accept Islam as it is mentioned in Holy Quran “Let there be no compulsion in religion.” Holy Prophet PBUH in his whole life never forced anyone at all costs to accept Islam even during Conquest of Makkah and even when he was Head of the State in Medina, and he had the power to forcefully convert Jews and Christians in Medina into Islam, but he didn’t instead he preach and spread Islam peacefully without any violence and people who believe in him accepted it by heart.

Recommendations:

I recommend to carefully study the text and content of Holy Quran and Authentic Hadith Books such as Al-Kutub Al-Arb'ah- the Four books and Al-Kutub Al-Sittah-the Six Books.

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Author:

Syed Qasim Haider Zaidi