Redefining the photon
v. 6 n. 12
Whether or not a photon has mass is still an open question. [1] In any case, perhaps the definition of photon requires additional consideration.
A clam on the bay floor abruptly closes its shells and causes a compression wave felt by a nearby plant, which waves in response. The water particles bending the plant leaves are not the same particles near the clam. There is no particle that moves through the medium analogous to a photon supposedly moving through space.
For electromagnetic disturbances the medium is space, which is not nothing, being host to dark energy and dark matter, depending on scale and having finite resistance quantified by a certain permeability and permittivity. Some 95% of the mass of the Universe is unaccounted for and exists in space, which is close to saying space has mass. In space
E = hv
where parameter v could be the excitation frequency of the medium instead of the frequency of a supposed independent particle of zero mass. In one way or another this medium has or supports mass. Space hosts virtual photons that come into and go out of existence that stand between the initial disturbance and final destination, such as an atomic electron falling to a lower energy level and emitting a photon; this photon immediately encounters resistance from space to slow it to a finite speed, whether zero or c has been discussed. [2]-[4] With light it is not necessary for there to be an independent particle of zero mass that moves through space, only an independent particle at either end of the transmission, as when a photon is emitted at the onset and absorbed at the final destination. [2]
With light it is not necessary for there to be an independent particle of zero mass that moves through space, only an independent particle at either end of the transmission.
Then the particle can have finite mass, since it is not moving at light speed, only the disturbance need be moving at the speed permitted by the medium. It is the disturbance that moves at light speed. Then at the emission or final absorption of a gamma photon,
m ? hv/c^2 = 2.21 x 10^-31 kg
for photon mass, about that of an electron.
The point is to separate the proposed physics from the possible mathematical fiction of the photon as independent zero-mass particle that moves through space, and rather give due attention to the possible contribution from the interaction of the elements of the medium, so that the definition of "photon" encompasses "particle-wave-particle," where "wave" represents the contribution from the medium, and particle aspects at either end are essentially stationary (not moving at speed c), so that photon mass is effectively a "rest mass" in the above equation.
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Cover image caption: "Rest mass" of a gamma photon.
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5 个月There are several reasons for a mass of photons. But if the mass were dependent on the frequency then billions of photons of different weights would have to exist. there must be another solution. all photons have the same mass. the energy cannot come from c. if a photon consists of 2 parts that orbit each other then we are solving 3 problems. it solves the problem of particle and wave character at the same time. The smaller the distance between the particles, the higher the frequency and the higher the rotation speed. The energy comes from the rotation speed of the particles and the mass is much lower than previously thought. This explains why people previously believed that photons had no mass. I think it solves some other problems as well.
Retired Mechanical Engineer
5 个月I totally agree. We think a lot in common: https://physicsdiscussionforum.org/viewtopic.php?p=19129#p19129
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6 个月Interesting, although the photon is formed by the photoelectric effect by an electrons jump; how is it having mass still an open question? As if it did light rays would have near infinite momentum obliterating us all... Although you could in turn redefine 'mass'. Loved the take on the medium transposing the photon, similar takes were taken in the "Alcubierre drive" However this article is much more informative. A very interesting take on the subject Warren, loved the article.
Particle Physics Engineer, Author, Producer :: massquerade.com
6 个月This is an interesting paper that actually fails to redefine the Photon. "With light it is not necessary for there to be an independent particle of zero mass that moves through space, only an independent particle at either end of the transmission." This 'redefinition' of the Photon fails to to deal with any of the known characteristics of the Photon. To learn 40 characteristics of each individual Photon, GoTo: massquerade.com Click on: "The Photon HAS 'mass'. #1 Photons are?individual?Electro-Magnetic ‘entities’, each with its own frequency.? #2 Each bundle of ‘Photonic?Energy” contains ‘hF’ Kinetic Energy Of Oscillation.? #3 Photons are composed IN THE EXACT FORM of a ‘Torsion Pendulum’. (Not A Wave.)? #5 Each Photon has, orientation, polarization, Etheric Mass, Energy and Self-Propulsion.? #10 Photons, Like Solitons, Can Pass Through Each Other With No Direct Interaction.? #13 Photons And All ‘Mass’ Are limited to ‘The Asymptotic Speed of Light’ by the Ether.? #34 ‘Electro-Magnetic waves’ result from continued emission of individual Photons.? #35 Each Photon element has Energy-Content (E=hF) as deduced by Dr. Max Planck.? #40 Antenna Photon emissions FORM WAVES composed of nearly-identical Photons.? Read the whole list..
Mgr. ve spole?nosti Physics, Astronomy, Nuclear Physics, Elementary particles, High energy physics
6 个月We are excited to announce the launch of our new project! #newproject https://lubomirvlcek.academia.edu/research A particle moving in a transmission medium. Kinetic energy of a particle ( charge) moving at the velocity of v has two different values: Kinetic energy of a particle ( charge) Tkin id =mc^2 [ln |1-v/c|+ (v/c) / (1-v/c) ] in direction of motion of a particle ( charge) It is realy as Newton′s kinetic energy, where v is velocity of a particle ( charge) . Kinetic energy of a particle ( charge)?Tkin ad = mc^2 [ln |1+v/c|- (v/c) / (1+v/c) ] against direction of motion of a particle ( charge) It is realy?as Maxwell′s electromagnetic wave energy, where v is velocity of a particle ( charge). Corrected Third?Newton's law of motion :? All movements in physics are based on principle of action - reaction and on velocity of stable particles ( e-, p+,n0, D, He-3, α ).? Action, as a motion of stable charged particles ( e-, p+,n0, D, He-3, α ) Reaction creates into?transmission medium, the electromagnetic waves, as unstable “particles” - neutrínos νe, νμ, ντ , mesons π0, π+ , π- , η , K and gamma rays - against direction of motion of stable particles