Rationale for a scale-invariant Newtonian gravity interpretation
v. 5 n. 45
Parts of a proposed scale-invariant interpretation of Newton's gravity often come up in these Letters. A non-technical narrative of the complete range of the interpretation could be useful.
Classical (not the scale-invariant interpretation) Newton's gravity and general relativity can part company at about the Solar system scale, as with the orbital shift of Mercury study. Nevertheless, this Newtonian form is (erroneously) applied commonly at the (spiral) galaxy scale with the result that there doesn't seem to be enough mass present in the galaxy to account for it to act like a rotating rigid disc instead of a rubbery pinwheel, or whirlwind, where the outer aspects fall behind the inner aspects. A spiral galaxy acts like a rigid disc.
This is why it is conventionally proposed that "particulate dark matter" is present about the galaxy to hypothetically account for the "missing mass." A decades-long search has not identified such matter. Now the problem: is there something wrong with classical Newtonian gravity, with the dark matter hypothesis, or is something else going on here?
Perhaps all three. It has been proposed that something else is going on. And that something else is Newton's gravity mathematically unchanged except for where and how it is applied. Instead of it being applied between two normal particles within the Solar system scale it is applied to accelerated expanding space. Such space begins at about the "galactic supercluster" scale.
Just below this scale is the "cluster of galaxies" scale. Clusters of galaxies do not take part in the Hubble expansion; the galaxies they are made up of revolve about one another and might be considered a "family unit."
At the galactic supercluster scale, these family units separate from other such units; the space among these units undergoes accelerated expansion, the Hubble expansion. Again, there is no space expansion within a family unit. Because of this observed accelerated expansion among family units (clusters of galaxies) it is conventionally proposed that "dark energy" is responsible for this expansion.
Instead of dark energy, it has been proposed in these Letters that this accelerated expansion is caused by Newton's gravity applied to accelerated expanding space. This is in conformance with the equivalence principle of general relativity, where acceleration and gravity are considered equivalent. Why it is not considered equivalent in this cosmic case has not been addressed in conventional physics, and the dark energy hypothesis is still conventionally held.
Probably the reason the dark energy hypothesis is held over this Newtonian gravity application is because gravity would be fundamentally repulsive with this proposal. And "everyone knows that gravity is always and everywhere attractive" according to Newton's Principia. But Newton, and Einstein, were not aware of the accelerated expansion of the Universe while developing their theories.
"Attractive gravity" enters at the cluster of galaxies scale and below, because there is less accelerated expanding space between masses than about them in this thesis. "Dark matter" at these scales is accounted for as "dark energy" at smaller scales, and dark energy is accounted for as the acceleration of the Universe, which is proposed to be gravity itself. It's all gravity in this thesis.
Selected references, listed from earliest to latest:
Generalization of the article immediately above. An explanation of dark matter and dark energy from unmodified Newtonian gravity* | LinkedIn
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Cover image: ufn123b.pdf
Cover image caption: Largescale structure of the Universe. Black dots and dark areas indicate galactic superclusters. (In addition, largescale essentially spherical voids are surrounded by galactic superclusters as shells surround eggs; these voids are typically 10-100 times shell thickness.)
Higher education instructor, engineer and researcher
4 个月This is the first time I heard of this proposal: Newtonian gravity applied to expanding space! Thanks for the article.
Visionary technologist and lateral thinker driving market value in regulated, complex ecosystems. Open to leadership roles.
4 个月Void dynamics! It’s a thing. https://www.dhirubhai.net/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7164683502372773889?updateEntityUrn=urn%3Ali%3Afs_feedUpdate%3A%28V2%2Curn%3Ali%3Aactivity%3A7164683502372773889%29