A quick ORDS REST-Enabled SQL Service example
I promise this post will connect back to an overarching theme. But for now, I want to show how you can take a SQL query and use that in combination with the ORDS REST-Enabled SQL Service to request data from a database table.
The SQL query
Here is the SQL query I’m using:
select * from (
select noc, sport
from olympic_medal_winners
)
pivot (min('X') for sport in (
'Archery' as arc, 'Athletics' as ath, 'Hockey' as hoc,
'Judo' as jud, 'Sailing' as sai, 'Wrestling' as wre
)
)
order by noc
fetch first 7 rows only
The SQL Script
Please feel free to cheat like me and steal this same script from the Live SQL site (direct link here). And if you can’t be bothered to do that, I'm including the script at the bottom of this post.
PAUSE: Shout out to Chris Saxon for conceiving this. And putting in the real work. I'm both too lazy and too dumb to come up with this on my own.
The demo
Let’s assume you’ve created the table and inserted all the same data. Now, you can take a SQL query (use the same one as me, or don’t, I don’t care ??) and run it in an SQL Worksheet (like I did here):
Coooool dude...you did a thing I already know how to do!
That’s what you’ll end up with. It’s actually a pretty neat printout; I didn’t even know you could do this! But, I want to take that SQL query and demonstrate how you can do this with the ORDS REST-Enabled SQL service.
Disclaimer
I’m performing this demo locally. I have a Podman container running with an Oracle database therein (one I grabbed from our Oracle Container Registry). I’ve also installed ORDS in this database and used my ORDSTEST user (the same setup as in my original Podman/ORDS how-to post).
About the REST-Enabled SQL Service
How do I set this service up? When you first install ORDS, if you enable Database Actions, you are also enabling this REST-Enabled SQL Service. You’ll see it in this step in the ORDS Interactive Installer:
Enter a number to select additional feature(s) to enable:
[1] Database Actions (Enables all features)
[2] REST Enabled SQL and Database API
[3] REST Enabled SQL
[4] Database API
[5] None
Choose [1]:
See it? If you select [1], then you are also enabling features [2], [3], and [4].
PRO TIP: Basically, if you can sign into Database Actions, then you're good. You're all set.
Long story short. You are taking that whacky SQL from the above example (something that would take me a week to come up with on my own) and passing it as a payload in a POST request to your REST-Enabled SQL Service ?? endpoint.
Since I am doing this locally, my REST-Enabled SQL Service endpoint looks like this:
Next, with my Terminal open (and ORDS running, duh!) I’ll issue the following command:
curl -i -X POST --user ORDSTEST:password1234 --data-binary
"@sportCountryMatrix.sql" -H "Content-Type: application/sql"
k https://localhost:8080/ords/ordstest/_/sql
The --data-binary option
Ah-ha! You probably noticed that the --data-binary option references a separate sportCountryMatrix.sql file. That’s because our docs recommend using an SQL file for multi-line SQL statements (like my example). I bet you could pass in this multi-line statement via the command line, but that seems unnecessarily challenging. Plus, I KNOW this works.
A quick review of the directory setup
I want to quickly review how I created this file, mostly remaining in Terminal. I first created a new ordsSqlService directory on my desktop. Then, I made an empty sportCountryMatrix.sql file.
Using VIM, I opened that file, pasted my choice SQL statement, saved it, and exited. I wanted to mention this because when I executed that cURL command, it worked because I was in the same directory as the SQL file!
Here are some screenshots of me going through those steps. You’ll see me creating the file but then also using the cat command so that I can double-check the contents of the .sql file.
And now, back to the cURL command. After issuing the command, here is the response to the POST request:
I know the response isn’t the most readable, but I can figure that out another time. (I have something else planned as a follow-up to this post). But it’s all there, trust me (I’m a doctor)!
Also, this blog post was about 50% me messing around and 50% reminding YOU that ORDS is capable of this (right out of the box, with the correct switches turned on). So, hopefully, you get the gist ??.
Takeaways
Let me close this out with some final thoughts…
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-- REM Script: Pivot and unpivot examples using
-- Olympic data
-- REM Examples of pivoting and unpivoting data.
-- Uses a subset of -- the results from the Rio
-- Olympics as a data source.
-- For further explanation of the scripts, read
-- the following blog post:
-- https://blogs.oracle.com/sql/entry/
-- how_to_convert_rows_to
create table olympic_medal_winners (
olympic_year int,
sport varchar2( 30 ),
gender varchar2( 1 ),
event varchar2( 128 ),
medal varchar2( 10 ),
noc varchar2( 3 ),
athlete varchar2( 128 )
);
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Archery','M','Men''s Individual','Gold','KOR','KU Bonchan');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Archery','M','Men''s Individual','Silver','FRA','VALLADONT Jean-Charles');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Archery','M','Men''s Individual','Bronze','USA','ELLISON Brady');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Archery','M','Men''s Team','Gold','KOR','Republic of Korea');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Archery','M','Men''s Team','Bronze','AUS','Australia');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Archery','M','Men''s Team','Silver','USA','United States');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Artistic Gymnastics','M','Men''s Floor Exercise','Gold','GBR','WHITLOCK Max');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Artistic Gymnastics','M','Men''s Floor Exercise','Bronze','BRA','MARIANO Arthur');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Artistic Gymnastics','M','Men''s Floor Exercise','Silver','BRA','HYPOLITO Diego');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Artistic Gymnastics','M','Men''s Horizontal Bar','Gold','GER','HAMBUECHEN Fabian');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Artistic Gymnastics','M','Men''s Horizontal Bar','Bronze','GBR','WILSON Nile');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Artistic Gymnastics','M','Men''s Horizontal Bar','Silver','USA','LEYVA Danell');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Athletics','M','Men''s 10,000m','Gold','GBR','FARAH Mohamed');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Athletics','M','Men''s 10,000m','Bronze','ETH','TOLA Tamirat');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Athletics','M','Men''s 10,000m','Silver','KEN','TANUI Paul Kipngetich');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Athletics','M','Men''s 100m','Gold','JAM','BOLT Usain');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Athletics','M','Men''s 100m','Silver','USA','GATLIN Justin');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Athletics','M','Men''s 100m','Bronze','CAN','DE GRASSE Andre');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Badminton','M','Men''s Doubles','Gold','CHN','Zhang');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Badminton','M','Men''s Doubles','Bronze','GBR','Langridge');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Badminton','M','Men''s Doubles','Bronze','GBR','Ellis');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Badminton','M','Men''s Doubles','Silver','MAS','Tan');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Badminton','M','Men''s Doubles','Silver','MAS','Goh');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Badminton','M','Men''s Doubles','Gold','CHN','Fu');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Beach Volleyball','M','Men','Gold','BRA','Cerutti');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Beach Volleyball','M','Men','Gold','BRA','Oscar Schmidt');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Beach Volleyball','M','Men','Silver','ITA','Nicolai');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Beach Volleyball','M','Men','Silver','ITA','Lupo');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Beach Volleyball','M','Men','Bronze','NED','Meeuwsen');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Beach Volleyball','M','Men','Bronze','NED','Brouwer');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Boxing','M','Men''s Bantam (56kg)','Gold','CUB','RAMIREZ Robeisy');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Boxing','M','Men''s Bantam (56kg)','Bronze','UZB','AKHMADALIEV Murodjon');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Boxing','M','Men''s Bantam (56kg)','Bronze','RUS','NIKITIN Vladimir');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Boxing','M','Men''s Bantam (56kg)','Silver','USA','STEVENSON Shakur');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Boxing','M','Men''s Fly (52kg)','Gold','UZB','ZOIROV Shakhobidin');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Boxing','M','Men''s Fly (52kg)','Bronze','CHN','HU Jianguan');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Canoe Slalom','M','Canoe Double (C2) Men','Gold','SVK','PETER Skantar');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Canoe Slalom','M','Canoe Double (C2) Men','Bronze','FRA','GAUTHIER Klauss');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Canoe Slalom','M','Canoe Double (C2) Men','Bronze','FRA','MATTHIEU Peche');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Canoe Slalom','M','Canoe Double (C2) Men','Silver','GBR','RICHARD Hounslow');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Canoe Slalom','M','Canoe Double (C2) Men','Silver','GBR','DAVID Florence');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Canoe Slalom','M','Canoe Double (C2) Men','Gold','SVK','LADISLAV Skantar');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Canoe Sprint','M','Men''s Canoe Double 1000m','Gold','GER','Brendel');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Canoe Sprint','M','Men''s Canoe Double 1000m','Bronze','UKR','Mishchuk');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Canoe Sprint','M','Men''s Canoe Double 1000m','Bronze','UKR','Ianchuk');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Canoe Sprint','M','Men''s Canoe Double 1000m','Silver','BRA','Queiroz dos Santos');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Canoe Sprint','M','Men''s Canoe Double 1000m','Silver','BRA','de Souza Silva');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Canoe Sprint','M','Men''s Canoe Double 1000m','Gold','GER','Vandrey');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Cycling Road','M','Men''s Individual Time Trial','Gold','SUI','CANCELLARA Fabian');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Cycling Road','M','Men''s Individual Time Trial','Bronze','GBR','FROOME Christopher');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Cycling Road','M','Men''s Individual Time Trial','Silver','NED','DUMOULIN Tom');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Cycling Road','M','Men''s Road Race','Gold','BEL','VAN AVERMAET Greg');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Cycling Road','M','Men''s Road Race','Silver','DEN','FUGLSANG Jakob');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Cycling Road','M','Men''s Road Race','Bronze','POL','MAJKA Rafal');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Cycling Track','M','Men''s Keirin','Gold','GBR','KENNY Jason');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Cycling Track','M','Men''s Keirin','Bronze','MAS','AWANG Azizulhasni');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Cycling Track','M','Men''s Keirin','Silver','NED','BUCHLI Matthijs');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Cycling Track','M','Men''s Omnium','Gold','ITA','VIVIANI Elia');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Cycling Track','M','Men''s Omnium','Bronze','DEN','HANSEN Lasse Norman');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Cycling Track','M','Men''s Omnium','Silver','GBR','CAVENDISH Mark');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Diving','M','Men''s 10m Platform','Gold','CHN','CHEN Aisen');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Diving','M','Men''s 10m Platform','Bronze','USA','BOUDIA David');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Diving','M','Men''s 10m Platform','Silver','MEX','SANCHEZ German');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Diving','M','Men''s 3m Springboard','Gold','CHN','CAO Yuan');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Diving','M','Men''s 3m Springboard','Silver','GBR','LAUGHER Jack');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Diving','M','Men''s 3m Springboard','Bronze','GER','HAUSDING Patrick');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Equestrian','X','Dressage Individual','Gold','GBR','DUJARDIN Charlotte');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Equestrian','X','Dressage Individual','Bronze','GER','BRORING-SPREHE Kristina');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Equestrian','X','Dressage Individual','Silver','GER','WERTH Isabell');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Equestrian','X','Dressage Team','Gold','GER','Germany');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Equestrian','X','Dressage Team','Bronze','USA','United States');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Equestrian','X','Dressage Team','Silver','GBR','Great Britain');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Fencing','M','Men''s Foil Individual','Gold','ITA','GAROZZO Daniele');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Fencing','M','Men''s Foil Individual','Silver','USA','MASSIALAS Alexander');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Fencing','M','Men''s Foil Individual','Bronze','RUS','SAFIN Timur');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Fencing','M','Men''s Foil Team','Gold','RUS','Russian Federation');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Fencing','M','Men''s Foil Team','Bronze','USA','United States');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Fencing','M','Men''s Foil Team','Silver','FRA','France');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Handball','M','Men','Gold','DEN','Denmark');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Handball','M','Men','Silver','FRA','France');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Handball','M','Men','Bronze','GER','Germany');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Handball','W','Women','Gold','RUS','Russian Federation');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Handball','W','Women','Silver','FRA','France');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Handball','W','Women','Bronze','NOR','Norway');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Hockey','M','Men','Gold','ARG','Argentina');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Hockey','M','Men','Silver','BEL','Belgium');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Hockey','M','Men','Bronze','GER','Germany');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Hockey','W','Women','Gold','GBR','Great Britain');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Hockey','W','Women','Silver','NED','Netherlands');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Hockey','W','Women','Bronze','GER','Germany');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Judo','M','Men +100 kg','Gold','FRA','RINER Teddy');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Judo','M','Men +100 kg','Bronze','BRA','SILVA Rafael');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Judo','M','Men +100 kg','Bronze','ISR','SASSON Or');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Judo','M','Men +100 kg','Silver','JPN','HARASAWA Hisayoshi');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Judo','M','Men -100 kg','Gold','CZE','KRPALEK Lukas');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Judo','M','Men -100 kg','Bronze','FRA','MARET Cyrille');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Modern Pentathlon','M','Men''s Individual','Gold','RUS','LESUN Alexander');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Modern Pentathlon','M','Men''s Individual','Silver','UKR','TYMOSHCHENKO Pavlo');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Modern Pentathlon','M','Men''s Individual','Bronze','MEX','HERNANDEZ USCANGA Ismael Marcelo');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Modern Pentathlon','W','Women''s Individual','Gold','AUS','ESPOSITO Chloe');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Modern Pentathlon','W','Women''s Individual','Silver','FRA','CLOUVEL Elodie');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Modern Pentathlon','W','Women''s Individual','Bronze','POL','NOWACKA Oktawia');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Rhythmic Gymnastics','W','Group All-Around','Gold','RUS','Russian Federation');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Rhythmic Gymnastics','W','Group All-Around','Bronze','BUL','Bulgaria');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Rhythmic Gymnastics','W','Group All-Around','Silver','ESP','Spain');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Rhythmic Gymnastics','W','Individual All-Around','Gold','RUS','MAMUN Margarita');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Rhythmic Gymnastics','W','Individual All-Around','Silver','RUS','KUDRYAVTSEVA Yana');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Rhythmic Gymnastics','W','Individual All-Around','Bronze','UKR','RIZATDINOVA Ganna');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Rowing','M','Lightweight Men''s Double Sculls','Gold','FRA','Azou');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Rowing','M','Lightweight Men''s Double Sculls','Bronze','NOR','Brun');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Rowing','M','Lightweight Men''s Double Sculls','Bronze','NOR','Strandli');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Rowing','M','Lightweight Men''s Double Sculls','Silver','IRL','O''Donovan');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Rowing','M','Lightweight Men''s Double Sculls','Silver','IRL','O''Donovan');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Rowing','M','Lightweight Men''s Double Sculls','Gold','FRA','Houin');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Sailing','M','470 Men','Gold','CRO','Fantela');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Sailing','M','470 Men','Bronze','GRE','Kagialis');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Sailing','M','470 Men','Bronze','GRE','Mantis');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Sailing','M','470 Men','Silver','AUS','Ryan');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Sailing','M','470 Men','Silver','AUS','Belcher');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Sailing','M','470 Men','Gold','CRO','Marenic');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Swimming','M','Men''s 100m Backstroke','Gold','USA','MURPHY Ryan');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Swimming','M','Men''s 100m Backstroke','Bronze','USA','PLUMMER David');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Swimming','M','Men''s 100m Backstroke','Silver','CHN','XU Jiayu');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Swimming','M','Men''s 100m Breaststroke','Gold','GBR','PEATY Adam');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Swimming','M','Men''s 100m Breaststroke','Bronze','USA','MILLER Cody');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Swimming','M','Men''s 100m Breaststroke','Silver','RSA','VAN DER BURGH Cameron');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Table Tennis','M','Men''s Singles','Gold','CHN','MA Long');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Table Tennis','M','Men''s Singles','Bronze','JPN','MIZUTANI Jun');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Table Tennis','M','Men''s Singles','Silver','CHN','ZHANG Jike');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Table Tennis','M','Men''s Team','Gold','CHN','China');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Table Tennis','M','Men''s Team','Bronze','GER','Germany');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Table Tennis','M','Men''s Team','Silver','JPN','Japan');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Taekwondo','M','Men +80kg','Gold','AZE','ISAEV Radik');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Taekwondo','M','Men +80kg','Bronze','KOR','CHA Dongmin');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Taekwondo','M','Men +80kg','Bronze','BRA','SIQUEIRA Maicon');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Taekwondo','M','Men +80kg','Silver','NIG','ISSOUFOU ALFAGA Abdoulrazak');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Taekwondo','M','Men -58kg','Gold','CHN','ZHAO Shuai');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Taekwondo','M','Men -58kg','Silver','THA','HANPRAB Tawin');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Tennis','M','Men''s Doubles','Gold','ESP','Lopez');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Tennis','M','Men''s Doubles','Bronze','USA','Johnson');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Tennis','M','Men''s Doubles','Bronze','USA','Sock');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Tennis','M','Men''s Doubles','Silver','ROU','Tecau');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Tennis','M','Men''s Doubles','Silver','ROU','Mergea');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Tennis','M','Men''s Doubles','Gold','ESP','Nadal');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Trampoline Gymnastics','M','Men','Gold','BLR','HANCHAROU Uladzislau');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Trampoline Gymnastics','M','Men','Silver','CHN','DONG Dong');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Trampoline Gymnastics','M','Men','Bronze','CHN','GAO Lei');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Trampoline Gymnastics','W','Women','Gold','CAN','MACLENNAN Rosannagh');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Trampoline Gymnastics','W','Women','Silver','GBR','PAGE Bryony');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Trampoline Gymnastics','W','Women','Bronze','CHN','LI Dan');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Triathlon','M','Men','Gold','GBR','BROWNLEE Alistair');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Triathlon','M','Men','Silver','GBR','BROWNLEE Jonathan');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Triathlon','M','Men','Bronze','RSA','SCHOEMAN Henri');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Triathlon','W','Women','Gold','USA','JORGENSEN Gwen');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Triathlon','W','Women','Silver','SUI','SPIRIG HUG Nicola');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Triathlon','W','Women','Bronze','GBR','HOLLAND Vicky');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Volleyball','M','Men','Gold','BRA','Brazil');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Volleyball','M','Men','Silver','ITA','Italy');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Volleyball','M','Men','Bronze','USA','United States');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Volleyball','W','Women','Gold','CHN','China');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Volleyball','W','Women','Silver','SRB','Serbia');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Volleyball','W','Women','Bronze','USA','United States');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Water Polo','M','Men','Gold','SRB','Serbia');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Water Polo','M','Men','Silver','CRO','Croatia');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Water Polo','M','Men','Bronze','ITA','Italy');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Water Polo','W','Women','Gold','USA','United States');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Water Polo','W','Women','Silver','ITA','Italy');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Water Polo','W','Women','Bronze','RUS','Russian Federation');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Weightlifting','M','Men''s +105kg','Gold','GEO','TALAKHADZE Lasha');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Weightlifting','M','Men''s +105kg','Bronze','GEO','TURMANIDZE Irakli');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Weightlifting','M','Men''s +105kg','Silver','ARM','MINASYAN Gor');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Weightlifting','M','Men''s 105kg','Gold','UZB','NURUDINOV Ruslan');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Weightlifting','M','Men''s 105kg','Bronze','KAZ','ZAICHIKOV Alexandr');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Weightlifting','M','Men''s 105kg','Silver','ARM','MARTIROSYAN Simon');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Wrestling','M','Men''s Freestyle 125 kg','Gold','TUR','AKGUL Taha');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Wrestling','M','Men''s Freestyle 125 kg','Bronze','BLR','SAIDAU Ibrahim');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Wrestling','M','Men''s Freestyle 125 kg','Bronze','GEO','PETRIASHVILI Geno');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Wrestling','M','Men''s Freestyle 125 kg','Silver','IRI','GHASEMI Komeil Nemat');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Wrestling','M','Men''s Freestyle 57 kg','Gold','GEO','KHINCHEGASHVILI Vladimer');
Insert into olympic_medal_winners (OLYMPIC_YEAR,SPORT,GENDER,EVENT,MEDAL,NOC,ATHLETE) values (2016,'Wrestling','M','Men''s Freestyle 57 kg','Bronze','AZE','ALIYEV Haji');
-- This pivots the results by medal. But the columns not listed
-- in the pivot form an implicit group by. So this gives the
-- medal total per athlete per event.
select * from olympic_medal_winners
pivot ( count(*) for medal in (
'Gold' gold, 'Silver' silver, 'Bronze' bronze
))
order by noc
fetch first 6 rows only;
-- To overcome the problem in the previous statement,
-- his selects just the columns you need in the subquery.
-- But some events have multiple people who win the
-- same medal - e.g. doubles tennis. This pivot
-- counts rows in the table, not individual events.
select * from (
select noc, medal from olympic_medal_winners
)
pivot ( count(*) for medal in (
'Gold' gold, 'Silver' silver, 'Bronze' bronze
))
order by 2 desc, 3 desc, 4 desc
fetch first 5 rows only;
-- This solves the over counting problem in the
-- previous statement. It does this by finding the
-- distinct values for sport, event and gender
-- then counting the results.
select * from (
select noc, medal, sport, event, gender
from olympic_medal_winners
)
pivot ( count(distinct sport ||'#'|| event ||'#'||gender ) for medal in (
'Gold' gold, 'Silver' silver, 'Bronze' bronze
))
order by 2 desc, 3 desc, 4 desc
fetch first 5 rows only;
-- You can have many functions in the pivot.
-- Oracle generates a column for each function
-- per value in the in clause. This finds the
-- gold medal winning countries. For each it shows:
-- - The number of different events these were won in
-- - The number of different sports thy were won in
-- - The names of the athlete or team who won each medal
-- Finally it filters to only show those countries
-- that won at least two gold medals.
select * from (
select noc, medal, sport, event, gender, athlete
from olympic_medal_winners
)
pivot (
count( distinct sport ||'#'|| event ||'#'|| gender ) medals,
count( distinct sport ) sports,
listagg( athlete, ',') within group (order by athlete) athletes
for medal in ( 'Gold' gold )
)
where gold_medals > 1
order by gold_medals, gold_sports, noc
fetch first 5 rows only;
-- This is similar to the previous query.
-- But it finds those countries whose IOC code starts with D.
select * from (
select noc, medal, sport, event, gender, athlete
from olympic_medal_winners
)
pivot (
count( distinct sport ||'#'|| event ||'#'|| gender ) medals,
count( distinct sport ) sports,
listagg( athlete, ',') within group (order by athlete) athletes
for medal in ( 'Gold' gold )
)
where noc like 'D%'
order by gold_medals;
-- This produces a matrix, sports across the
-- top countries down the side. There's an X
-- for each sport that country has a row in the table for.
select * from (
select noc, sport
from olympic_medal_winners
)
pivot (min('X') for sport in (
'Archery' as arc, 'Athletics' as ath, 'Hockey' as hoc,
'Judo' as jud, 'Sailing' as sai, 'Wrestling' as wre
)
)
order by noc
fetch first 7 rows only;
-- This is the old school, pre Oracle Database
-- 11g method for pivoting data.
select noc,
count ( case when medal = 'Gold' then 1 end ) gold_medals,
count ( case when medal = 'Silver' then 1 end ) silver_medals,
count ( case when medal = 'Bronze' then 1 end ) bronze_medals
from olympic_medal_winners
group by noc
order by 2 desc, 3 desc, 4 desc
fetch first 5 rows only;
-- An example of how to build the pivot clause
-- values dynamically.
-- Note that when you do this the number of
-- columns can change between runs. So the
-- execute and fetch routine will be far
-- more complex in a real world scenario!
declare
sql_stmt clob;
pivot_clause clob;
begin
select listagg('''' || sport || ''' as "' || sport || '"', ',') within group (order by sport)
into pivot_clause
from (select distinct sport from olympic_medal_winners);
sql_stmt := 'select * from (select noc, sport from olympic_medal_winners)
pivot (count(*) for sport in (' || pivot_clause || '))';
dbms_output.put_line( sql_stmt );
execute immediate sql_stmt;
end;
/
-- The XML keyword dynamically builds the
-- list of values to pivot. But you get the
-- results in XML! Each "column" is an
-- element in this document.
select * from (
select noc, sport
from olympic_medal_winners
)
pivot xml (count(*) medal_winners for sport in (
select sport
from olympic_medal_winners
where sport like 'A%')
)
where rownum = 1;
-- This previous example gave every country
-- at least one medal in every sport! To
-- avoid this, you need to count a column
-- which will be null if the country
-- didn't win in a particular event.
select * from (
select noc, sport, athlete
from olympic_medal_winners
)
pivot xml (count(athlete) medal_winners for sport in (
select sport
from olympic_medal_winners
where sport like 'A%')
)
where rownum = 1;
-- This creates the final medal table
-- for the unpivot example below.
create table olympic_medal_tables as
select * from (
select noc, medal, sport, event, gender
from olympic_medal_winners
)
pivot ( count(distinct sport ||'#'|| event ||'#'||gender ) for medal in (
'Gold' gold_medals, 'Silver' silver_medals, 'Bronze' bronze_medals
))
order by 2 desc, 3 desc, 4 desc;
-- Unpivot takes the columns and
-- converts them back to rows.
select * from olympic_medal_tables
unpivot (medal_count for medal_colour in (
gold_medals as 'GOLD',
silver_medals as 'SILVER',
bronze_medals as 'BRONZE'
))
order by noc
fetch first 6 rows only;
drop table olympic_medal_tables purge;
create table olympic_medal_tables as
select * from (
select noc, medal, sport, event, gender
from olympic_medal_winners
)
pivot ( count(distinct sport ||'#'|| event ||'#'||gender ) medals,
count(distinct sport) sports
for medal in (
'Gold' gold, 'Silver' silver, 'Bronze' bronze
))
order by 2 desc, 4 desc, 6 desc;
-- You can unpivot two or more columns
-- to a single row. To do this, provide a
-- list of the columns you want to combine.
-- You then get a column for each in the results.
select * from olympic_medal_tables
unpivot ((medal_count, sport_count) for medal_colour in (
(gold_medals, gold_sports) as 'GOLD',
(silver_medals, silver_sports) as 'SILVER',
(bronze_medals, bronze_sports) as 'BRONZE'
))
fetch first 9 rows only;
drop table olympic_medal_tables purge;
create table olympic_medal_tables as
select * from (
select noc, medal, sport, event, gender, athlete
from olympic_medal_winners
)
pivot ( count(distinct sport ||'#'|| event ||'#'||gender ) medals,
listagg(athlete, ',') within group (order by athlete) athletes
for medal in (
'Gold' gold, 'Silver' silver, 'Bronze' bronze
))
order by 2 desc, 4 desc, 6 desc;
-- Another example of unpivoting multiple columns.
-- This time with a list of athletes.
select * from olympic_medal_tables
unpivot ((medal_count, athletes) for medal_colour in (
(gold_medals, gold_athletes) as 'GOLD',
(silver_medals, silver_athletes) as 'SILVER',
(bronze_medals, bronze_athletes) as 'BRONZE'
))
where medal_colour = 'GOLD'
and medal_count = 2
order by noc
fetch first 3 rows only;
-- This first unpivots the results to get the
-- list of athletes won two gold medals. It
-- then uses XML tokenization to split
-- the list into a row per person.
with rws as (
select * from olympic_medal_tables
unpivot ((medal_count, athletes) for medal_colour in (
(gold_medals, gold_athletes) as 'GOLD',
(silver_medals, silver_athletes) as 'SILVER',
(bronze_medals, bronze_athletes) as 'BRONZE'
))
where medal_colour = 'GOLD'
and medal_count = 2
)
select noc, athlete
from rws, xmltable (
'if (contains($X,",")) then ora:tokenize($X,"\,") else $X'
passing athletes as X
columns athlete varchar2(4000) path '.'
)
order by 1, 2
fetch first 6 rows only;
-- This creates the table of medals won by
-- each country per sport for use in the
-- examples below.
create table olympic_country_sport_medals as
select * from (
select noc, sport
from olympic_medal_winners
)
pivot (count(sport) for sport in (
'Athletics' as ath, 'Artistic Gymnastics' as gym, 'Cycling Track' as cyc,
'Boxing' as box, 'Sailing' as sai
)
)
order by 1;
-- This switches the rows and columns over
-- aka a transpose. It does so by chaining
-- a pivot followed by an unpivot.
select * from olympic_country_sport_medals
pivot (
sum(ath) ath, sum(box) box, sum(gym) gym, sum(sai) sai, sum(cyc) cyc
for noc in ('BRA' BRA, 'CHN' CHN, 'DEN' DEN, 'ESP' ESP, 'ETH' ETH, 'GRE' GRE )
)
unpivot (
(BRA, CHN, DEN, ESP, ETH, GRE ) for sport in (
(BRA_ATH, CHN_ATH, DEN_ATH, ESP_ATH, ETH_ATH, GRE_ATH) as 'Athletics',
(BRA_GYM, CHN_GYM, DEN_GYM, ESP_GYM, ETH_GYM, GRE_GYM) as 'Artistic Gym',
(BRA_BOX, CHN_BOX, DEN_BOX, ESP_BOX, ETH_BOX, GRE_BOX) as 'Boxing',
(BRA_SAI, CHN_SAI, DEN_SAI, ESP_SAI, ETH_SAI, GRE_SAI) as 'Sailing',
(BRA_CYC, CHN_CYC, DEN_CYC, ESP_CYC, ETH_CYC, GRE_CYC) as 'Track Cycling'
)
);
-- Tranposing data using unpivot and pivot.
-- Much easier to write than the other way around!
select * from olympic_country_sport_medals
unpivot (
(medals) for sport in ( ath, box, gym, sai, cyc )
)
pivot (
sum(medals) for noc in (
'BRA' BRA, 'CHN' CHN, 'DEN' DEN, 'ESP' ESP, 'ETH' ETH, 'GRE' GRE
)
);
Which version of ORDS and Database?
Oracle Developer Advocate helping with Oracle SQL & PL/SQL
1 年You're welcome - always get to see someone put my scripts to good use :)